An observational study in Healthy Adult Participants, sponsored by Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans. Completed at 1 site in France. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-05-26.
Sponsored by Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans · Observational
Ultra-endurance races (ultra-marathons) take place under extreme environmental conditions, over long distances, involving prolonged physical activity and multiple psychological and physiological challenges.
These extreme conditions expose runners to a wide range of emotions-both pleasant and unpleasant-that can influence their performance, fatigue, and perception of exertion.
Emotional intelligence and emotional regulation appear to be key determinants of emotional trajectories and performance in these contexts. Previous research shows that high levels of emotional intelligence and adaptive emotional regulation strategies are associated with functional emotional trajectories and better performance, whereas maladaptive strategies are linked to dysfunctional emotional trajectories and reduced performance.
Furthermore, defense mechanisms constitute a complementary approach to emotional self-regulation. They can be adaptive or maladaptive and influence how runners cope with emotions and psychological stressors during competition.
Longitudinal studies conducted to date have primarily explored post-race emotional trajectories in relation to emotional intelligence, without examining the impact of defense mechanisms on emotional dynamics during the race. Furthermore, few studies have examined the mediating role of emotional intensity between emotional regulation and perceived performance, and even fewer have adopted an approach that integrates physiological indicators such as heart rate or heart rate variability.
Thus, this study lies at the intersection of sports psychology, emotion, and physiology, and aims to fill these gaps by exploring:
The objective of this study is to examine how certain psychological mechanisms used to cope with difficult situations influence the evolution of emotions experienced by participants during and after a 120-kilometer ultra-endurance race.
A descriptive, non-interventional, longitudinal exploratory study of healthy, able-bodied participants of both sexes, based on the completion of self-administered questionnaires on a tablet before, during (kilometers 16, 41, 56, 68, 89, and 112) and at the finish line (120th kilometer) of the "Ecotrail de Paris Ile de France 120 kilometers" ultra-trail race taking place on March 21, 2026
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This study's enrollment of 8 is below the median of 105 across 31 observational studies indexed under Tooth, Impacted.
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Healthy, able-bodied participants of both sexes, participating to the "Ecotrail de Paris Ile de France 120 kilometers" ultra-trail race taking place on March 21, 2026
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Exclusion Criteria:
Other: Completion on a tablet of self-administered questionnaires about their emotions/feelings
Completion on a tablet of self-administered questionnaires about their emotions/feelings before, during (kilometers 16, 41, 56, 68, 89, and 112), and at the finish line (120th kilometer) of the "Ecotrail de Paris Ile de France 120 kilometers" ultra-trail race taking place on March 21, 2026.
Examination of the influence of defense mechanisms on the emotional dynamics observed during and following an ultra-endurance race
Defense mechanisms will be assessed before the race using the Defense Style Questionnaire - 26 (DSQ-26). Scale from 1 to 6, with 1 being "never" and 6 being "always".
Time frame: During kilometers 16, 41, 56, 68, 89, and 112 (up to 5 minutes per stop), and at the finish line 120th kilometer (up to 8 minutes)"
Evaluation of physical and mental fatigue before, during and after the race
Physical and mental fatigue will be assessed before the race, during the race using a visual analog scale (VAS). Scale from 0 to 10, 10 being the worst score.
Time frame: During kilometers 16, 41, 56, 68, 89, and 112 (up to 5 minutes per stop), and at the finish line 120th kilometer (up to 8 minutes)"
Exploration of the relationships between emotional regulation strategies and runners' perceived performance
Emotional regulation will be assessed before the race using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Scale from 1 to 5, with 1 being "never" and 5 being "always".
Time frame: During kilometers 16, 41, 56, 68, 89, and 112 (up to 5 minutes per stop), and at the finish line 120th kilometer (up to 8 minutes)"
Exploration of emotion regulation strategies and runners' perceived exertion
Perceived exertion will be assessed using the perceived exertion scale (Borg CR10 - modified version). Scale from 1 to 10, with 10 being the worst score.
Time frame: During kilometers 16, 41, 56, 68, 89, and 112 (up to 5 minutes per stop), and at the finish line 120th kilometer (up to 8 minutes)"
Plan to share: Undecided
This study is completed, as verified in May 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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