An interventional study of Integrative Therapeutic Program in Deaf, Hard of Hearing and Hearing Disability, sponsored by King Faisal University. Completed at 1 site in Saudi Arabia. Open to female participants aged 13 Years to 19 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-04-07.
Sponsored by King Faisal University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
The goal of this clinical trial (quasi-experimental study) is to learn whether an integrative therapeutic program can enhance psychological hardiness among hard-of-hearing (HOH) female students in Saudi Arabia (Al-Ahsa Governorate). The main questions it aims to answer are:
Researchers will compare students who participate in the integrative therapeutic program (experimental group) with those who do not (control group) to see if the program leads to improved psychological hardiness.
Participants will:
Complete a psychological hardiness scale before and after the program Participate in the integrative therapeutic training sessions (experimental group only) Continue their regular educational activities without intervention (control group)
This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrative therapeutic program in enhancing psychological hardiness among hard-of-hearing (HOH) female students in inclusive educational settings in Al-Ahsa Governorate, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. HOH students often face multiple psychological and social challenges that may negatively affect their adaptive functioning and overall well-being. Therefore, this study aimed to provide an evidence-based intervention to strengthen psychological resilience and improve coping capacities within this population.
A quasi-experimental design with a non-randomized experimental and control group structure was adopted. The study initially involved a broader sample of 69 deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) female students. All participants were assessed using a Psychological Hardiness Scale developed and validated by the researchers. Based on (pre-test) results, a purposive sample of 25 HOH students who demonstrated relatively low levels of psychological hardiness was selected to participate in the intervention phase.
The selected participants were divided into two groups: an experimental group (n = 15), which received the integrative therapeutic program, and a control group (n = 10), which did not receive any intervention during the study period. The intervention program was designed to enhance key dimensions of psychological hardiness, including commitment, control, and challenge, through structured therapeutic activities and training sessions tailored to the communication abilities and learning needs of HOH students.
All participants underwent pre-test and post-test assessments using the same psychological hardiness scale. The primary outcome measure was the change in psychological hardiness scores between pre-test and post-test evaluations. The effectiveness of the intervention was determined by comparing within-group changes (pre- vs. post-test) and between-group differences (experimental vs. control group). The higher the student's score on the scale, the greater the improvement in her level of psychological hardiness.
The independent variable in this study was the integrative therapeutic program, while the dependent variable was psychological hardiness. Although the study design aimed to control for confounding variables, several external factors may have influenced the outcomes, including parental support, teacher preparedness, peer interactions, and the broader educational and social environment.
The findings demonstrated statistically significant improvements in psychological hardiness among participants in the experimental group compared to the control group, indicating the effectiveness of the implemented program. These results support the integration of structured therapeutic interventions within educational support services for HOH students to enhance their psychological well-being and quality of life.
796 studies on the registry are indexed under Hearing Loss; 193 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 25 is below the median of 44 across 561 interventional studies indexed under Hearing Loss.
Browse Hearing Loss studies →King Faisal University is the lead sponsor of 15 studies on the registry; 2 are open to participants now.
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After administering the scale, a purposive sample of 25 HOH female students was selected to participate in the intervention program. These participants were divided into two groups: 15 students in the experimental group and 10 students in the control group. This selection was determined due to the sensitivity of the research topic and the practical difficulty of conducting the intervention with the entire target population.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Participants in this arm will receive an integrative therapeutic program designed to enhance psychological hardiness among hard-of-hearing female students. The program includes structured training sessions focusing on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral strategies to improve resilience, coping skills, and adaptation to psychological stress. Participants will attend scheduled sessions over 4 Weeks, and their psychological hardiness will be assessed before and after the intervention using a standardized scale.
Other: Integrative Therapeutic Program
The therapeutic program was developed based on the integrative therapy approach, which involves combining techniques and strategies derived from multiple therapeutic schools in accordance with the characteristics of the target population, without adhering to a single theoretical framework. The integrative approach draws on contemporary integrative perspectives that emphasize flexibility in intervention according to the needs of beneficiaries. The program was also grounded in the psychological hardiness theory developed by Suzanne Kobasa, which conceptualizes hardiness through three dimensions: commitment, control, and challenge. In addition, the program incorporated techniques drawn from several therapeutic approaches, including: (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), Mindfulness-Based Therapy, Group Therapy, Gratitude Therapy, Reality Therapy, Supportive spiritual techniques)
Psychological Hardiness Scale for deaf and hard of hearing
The final version of the Psychological Hardiness Scale consisted of two sections. The first section included demographic items related to: (degree of hearing loss, grade level, type of hearing assistive device, preferred communication method, parents' hearing status, type of educational environment attended). The second section, which constitutes the main scale, consisted of 24 items distributed across three dimensions: commitment, control, and challenge. Each item was rated using a four-point Likert scale: (1 = Never, 2 = Rarely, 3 = Often, 4 = Always). Minimum value 1 Maximum value 4 Therefore, a student who scores higher on the scale will have a higher degree of psychological resilience.
Time frame: 8 weeks
Change in Psychological Hardiness Scores
This outcome measures the change in psychological hardiness among hard-of-hearing female students using a validated psychological hardiness scale developed by the researchers. The assessment evaluates key dimensions such as commitment, control, and challenge before and after the intervention. Accordingly, the higher the student's score on the psychological resilience scale between the pre-test and post-test, the more effective the implemented program is considered to be.
Time frame: 8 weeks
Plan to share: No
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This study is completed, as verified in Mar 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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King Faisal University