An interventional study of Music intervention in Pain and Pain Management, sponsored by Esbjerg Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark. Completed at 1 site in Denmark. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-11-04.
Sponsored by Esbjerg Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other
Among 268 studies in Pain with a site in Denmark — 37 open to participants now, 43 under way, none of them phase 3. Pain · Denmark.
Among the 268 studies in Pain with a site in Denmark, this one is the 6th largest by enrollment of the 215 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 12 that started in 2026, is one of 134 with no phase, and was the 262nd registered.
10,054 studies on the registry are indexed under Pain; 1,649 are open to participants now.
Browse Pain studies →37 of the 268 studies in Pain with a site in Denmark are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:
University College Copenhagen · Sites in Denmark
Danish Headache Center · Sites in Denmark
Aalborg University · Sites in Denmark
University of Aarhus · Sites in Denmark
Aalborg University · Sites in Denmark
A study can be open while its sites in Denmark have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in Denmark →
Of the 929 Pain studies recruiting now, 384 (41%) set no upper age limit and 434 (47%) stop at 75 or younger; 146 take children under 18; 222 take healthy volunteers.
This study: 18 Years and older · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.
The full table on the hub →This tab as a report to print or save as PDF → With an account.
268 studies; the count open now beside each. This study's row is marked.
A study in two phases is counted once above. Listed by phase, each with its combined phases: Phase 1 8 · Phase 2 24 · Phase 3 27 · Phase 4 28
First in 2002; this study’s year is marked. 12 started in 2026.
This study's enrollment of 1,042 is above the median of 66 across 8,493 interventional studies indexed under Pain.
Median enrollment 64 across the 215 interventional studies, 100 across the 53 observational. Of the 197 that completed or were terminated, 17 (9%) have results posted.
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37 of 268 have an industry lead sponsor. The 10 most frequent:
Esbjerg Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark is the lead sponsor of 50 studies on the registry; 15 are open to participants now.
Esbjerg Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark has 4 studies filed under Pain — fewer than ten, so there is no comparison to draw.
12 of the studies in Pain with a site in Denmark that are under way reach primary completion within a year, 0 of them phase 3. Phase 3 first, then by date:
| Study | Primary completion |
|---|---|
| NCT06833749KeyBioscience AGEfficacy and Safety of KBP-336 in Obese Individuals with Osteoarthritis | 2026-11 |
| NCT06678217Copenhagen University Hospital, HvidovreDetection of Electrodermal Activity in Pain 1 | 2026-12-01 |
| NCT06677593Copenhagen University Hospital, HvidovreDetection of Electrodermal Activity in Pain 2 | 2026-12-01 |
| NCT07110324Rigshospitalet, DenmarkCharacteristics of Persistent Pain Composition Following Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: a Descriptive Study | 2026-12-01 |
| NCT06257862Aarhus University HospitalTranslation, Cross-cultural Validity and Reliability of a Danish Version of the Anterior Knee Pain Scale | 2026-12-31 |
Among the 268 studies in Pain with a site in Denmark, from their registry updates:
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Colonoscopy is an important examination used to diagnose conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer and plays a central role in colorectal cancer screening programs. Although colonoscopy is a routine and generally safe procedure, many patients experience pain, discomfort, and anxiety during the examination. Approximately 25-30% of patients report moderate to severe pain. Fear of discomfort is also a known barrier to participation in colonoscopy, particularly in screening settings.
Sedatives and pain-relieving medications are commonly used during colonoscopy to reduce discomfort. However, medication does not completely eliminate pain or anxiety for all patients. Therefore, it is important to investigate non-pharmacological interventions that may improve patient comfort without adding risk.
Listening to music has been shown in various medical settings to reduce stress, anxiety, and perceived pain. Some previous studies have suggested that music during colonoscopy may reduce pain and anxiety, but results have been inconsistent and many studies have included relatively small numbers of participants. Larger, well-designed randomized trials are needed to clarify whether music has a meaningful clinical effect during colonoscopy.
The aim of this study is to investigate whether playing music during colonoscopy reduces patient-reported pain.
This study is a single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients scheduled for ambulatory colonoscopy will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either colonoscopy with music (intervention group) or colonoscopy without music (control group). Randomization will be performed using variable block sizes to ensure balanced allocation between groups.
In the intervention group, pop and rock music from a pre-designed playlist will be played from the start to the end of the colonoscopy. The music will be clearly audible but will not interfere with communication between the patient and healthcare staff. The volume may be adjusted as needed, and the music can be turned off at any time at the request of the patient or staff.
Apart from the presence or absence of music, the colonoscopy procedure will be performed according to standard practice in both groups. There will be no changes to sedation, monitoring, or medical treatment as part of the study.
Data will be collected prospectively in two ways. During the procedure, healthcare staff will record procedure-related information, including medications administered and their assessment of the patient's pain using a numeric rating scale (0-10). After the procedure, and before discharge, patients will complete a short electronic questionnaire, also rating their pain on a 0-10 numeric rating scale. The questionnaire will be completed regardless of whether the procedure was fully completed or what findings were observed.
The study plans to include a total of 1,042 participants (521 in each group). The primary outcome is the difference in patient-reported pain between colonoscopy performed with music and colonoscopy performed without music.
Playing music during colonoscopy is considered a low-risk intervention. If a patient finds the music uncomfortable or disturbing, it will be stopped immediately. Participation in the study will not otherwise affect the patient's treatment or care.
If music is shown to reduce pain during colonoscopy, it may represent a simple, inexpensive, and easily implementable method to improve patient comfort during this common procedure.
Detailed Description
Colonoscopy is a cornerstone in the diagnosis and surveillance of colorectal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Despite its clinical importance and widespread use, colonoscopy is frequently associated with discomfort, pain, and anxiety. Even with standard analgesia and sedation practices, a substantial proportion of patients report moderate to severe procedural pain. Fear of pain and discomfort is also recognized as a barrier to participation in colorectal cancer screening programs.
Music has been investigated as a non-pharmacological intervention in multiple clinical settings. Proposed mechanisms include distraction, modulation of emotional processing, reduction of anxiety, and activation of descending inhibitory pain pathways. Music interventions have demonstrated beneficial effects on anxiety and perceived pain in perioperative and procedural contexts. However, previous studies examining music during colonoscopy have produced inconsistent results. Many have been limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneous methodologies, and variations in sedation practices and outcome assessment. A sufficiently powered randomized trial is therefore warranted to clarify whether music has a clinically meaningful analgesic effect during colonoscopy.
This trial is designed to evaluate the effect of music played during colonoscopy on patient-reported pain. The intervention consists of background playback of preselected popular pop and rock music during the entire colonoscopy procedure. The music is delivered via a speaker in the procedure room at a volume that allows normal communication between patient and staff. The music can be adjusted or discontinued at any time upon request. The control condition reflects standard practice without music.
The colonoscopy procedure itself, including preparation, monitoring, sedation, analgesia, and post-procedure care, follows standard departmental protocols and is not altered by participation in the study. Clinical management decisions, including medication dosing, are made by the treating healthcare professionals according to routine practice and are not protocol-driven.
Pain intensity is assessed using a numeric rating scale (0-10), a widely validated and clinically applicable measure of acute procedural pain. Pain data are collected both during and immediately after the procedure to capture both staff-assessed and patient-reported perspectives. Additional procedural variables, including use of sedatives and analgesics, are recorded to allow interpretation of outcomes in the context of routine clinical practice.
The study is conducted at a single center in a real-world endoscopy unit setting to enhance external validity. The pragmatic design aims to determine whether music, as a simple and low-cost environmental modification, can meaningfully improve patient comfort without interfering with workflow or patient safety.
Because the intervention is non-invasive and does not alter medical treatment, the associated risk is considered minimal. Should the intervention demonstrate a reduction in patient-reported pain, it may support implementation of music as a scalable, low-cost strategy to improve the patient experience during colonoscopy.
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Playback of pre-selected pop and rock music via speaker in the procedure room throughout colonoscopy.
Other: Music intervention
Participants undergo colonoscopy according to standard practice without music played during the procedure.
Playback of pre-selected pop and rock music from a standardized playlist during the entire colonoscopy procedure. The music is delivered via speaker in the procedure room at a volume that allows normal communication between patient and healthcare staff. The volume may be adjusted, and the music may be discontinued at any time upon request.
Patient-Reported Pain During Colonoscopy
Pain intensity measured using a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates worst imaginable pain. The score is reported by the participant using an electronic questionnaire completed after the procedure.
Time frame: Immediately after the procedure, before discharge from the endoscopy unit (minimum 15 minutes after procedure completion)
Were the patients aware that music was being played during the colonoscopy
Yes/no answer to questionaire item
Time frame: Immediately after the procedure, before discharge from the endoscopy unit (minimum 15 minutes after procedure completion)
Would the patients prefer to have music during a future colonoscopy?
Yes/no answer to questionaire item
Time frame: Immediately after the procedure, before discharge from the endoscopy unit (minimum 15 minutes after procedure completion)
Plan to share: No
No publications or documents are linked to this record.
Ran from Mar 2026 to primary completion in Sep 2026, 6 months.
Of 3,731 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Pain, half reached primary completion within 10 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 4 and three quarters within 23. This study's 6 months is below that.
Counting every sponsor, half of 3,830 studies reached it within 10 months; a quarter within 4 and three quarters within 23.
Since we started tracking on Sep 25, 2026, the dates moved once, on Nov 4, 2026: primary completion Nov 2026 → Sep 2026 and completion Nov 2026 → Sep 2026.
Earlier changes are on the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
This study is completed, as verified in Oct 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Esbjerg Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark