An observational study in Panic Disorder, sponsored by Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-10-26.
Sponsored by Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital · Observational
Panic disorder (PD) is characterized by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks and is associated with significant functional impairment. Increasing evidence suggests involvement of immune-inflammatory mechanisms in PD. Elevated levels of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) have been reported in PD; however, interleukin-33 (IL-33) and soluble suppressor tumorogenicity-2 (sST2), components of the IL-33/sST2 signaling axis, have not previously been investigated in PD. This cross-sectional case-control study aims to compare peripheral serum IL-33, sST2, and CRP levels between drug-naïve subjects diagnosed with PD and healthy controls (HCs). The findings may contribute to understanding the inflammatory mechanisms underlying PD.
This is an observational, cross-sectional, case-control study conducted at the psychiatry outpatient clinic of Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital. It was planned to include 40 participants in the panic disorder (PD) and healthy controls (HCs) groups. All participants will complete a sociodemographic data form and the DSM-5 Panic Disorder Severity Scale (Adult Form). Venous blood samples will be collected as 5 mL. Serum interleukin-33 (IL-33), soluble suppressor tumorogenicity-2 (sST2), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels will be measured using commercially available ELISA kits. Statistical analyses will include independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, correlation, regression, and ROC analysis. A p value \< 0.05 will be considered statistically significant.
270 studies on the registry are indexed under Panic Disorder; 37 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 71 is below the median of 200 across 50 observational studies indexed under Panic Disorder.
Browse Panic Disorder studies →Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital is the lead sponsor of 13 studies on the registry; 5 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
The criteria were revised on the registry on Oct 26, 2026. See what changed
The study population consisted of adult participants aged 18-65 years. The panic disorder (PD) group included consecutive subjects diagnosed with PD according to DSM-5-TR criteria who were admitted to the psychiatry clinic of Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital (Turkey). The healthy control (HC) group consisted of individuals from the general population who applied to the hospital medical board and had no current or past psychiatric or significant medical disorders. All participants provided informed consent prior to enrollment.
For Panic Disorder (PD) Group:
*Inclusion Criteria:
For PD Group:
*Exclusion Criteria:
For Healthy Control Group:
*Inclusion Criteria:
For Healthy Control Group:
*Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
The American Psychiatric Association’s manual of mental health diagnoses. DSM-5 (2013, revised as DSM-5-TR in 2022) replaced DSM-IV, and some studies still name the older edition. “Meets DSM criteria for …” means diagnosed by that edition’s diagnostic criteria, usually by a clinician in an interview.
A condition in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease.
Immunotherapy studies often leave out active autoimmune disease, and some name exceptions, such as thyroid disease on replacement hormone. Check the exceptions this study lists.
DSM diagnostic criteria
The American Psychiatric Association’s manual of mental health diagnoses. DSM-5 (2013, revised as DSM-5-TR in 2022) replaced DSM-IV, and some studies still name the older edition. “Meets DSM criteria for …” means diagnosed by that edition’s diagnostic criteria, usually by a clinician in an interview.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Autoimmune disease
A condition in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease.
Immunotherapy studies often leave out active autoimmune disease, and some name exceptions, such as thyroid disease on replacement hormone. Check the exceptions this study lists.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Adult participants (18-65 years) diagnosed with panic disorder (PD) according to DSM-5-TR criteria. All of the subjects with PD was drug-naive. Subjects were evaluated at baseline. No intervention was assigned by the study protocol. Blood samples were collected for measurement of serum interleukin-33 (IL-33) and soluble suppressor tumorogenicity-2 (sST2), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and complete blood count parameters. Clinical assessments in the PD group included the DSM-5 Panic Disorder Severity Scale (Adult Form). Sociodemographic and clinical data were recorded for all participants.
Healthy control adult participants (18-65 years) without any current or past psychiatric disorder. No intervention was administered as part of the research protocol. Participants underwent a baseline clinical evaluation and provided a single blood sample for measurement of serum serum interleukin-33 (IL-33) and soluble suppressor tumorogenicity-2 (sST2), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and complete blood count parameters.
Interleukin-33 (IL-33)
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) levels measured by ELISA (pg/ml).
Time frame: At hospital admission (baseline)
Soluble Suppressor Tumorogenicity-2 (sST2)
Soluble Suppressor Tumorogenicity-2 (sST2) levels measured by ELISA (pg/ml)
Time frame: At hospital admission (baseline)
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels measured by ELISA (mg/dL)
Time frame: At hospital admission (baseline)
Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI)
SIRI was calculated as (neutrophil count × monocyte count)/lymphocyte count. Laboratory staff were blinded to group status.
Time frame: At hospital admission (baseline)
DSM-5 Panic Disorder Severity Scale-Adult Form (PDS)
The DSM-5 Panic Disorder Severity Scale-Adult Form (PDS) is a 10-item self-assessment scale developed by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that uses a five-point Likert scale (0=Never; 1=Sometimes; 2=Halfway through; 3=Most of the time; 4=Always). Participants consider how much their panic disorder has affected their personal lives in the past seven days when completing the scale. Scores obtained from the scale items indicate the severity of the panic disorder. The scale can be scored between 0 and 40, with higher scores indicating a more severe panic disorder. The mean total score is calculated by dividing the total raw score by the number of items on the scale.
Time frame: At hospital admission (baseline)
Plan to share: Yes — Deidentified individual participant data (IPD) underlying the results reported in this study (including demographic variables, serum interleukin-33 (IL-33) and soluble suppressor tumorogenicity-2 (sST2) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, complete blood count parameters, and DSM-5 Panic Disorder Severity Scale-Adult Form (PDS) will be made available to qualified researchers upon reasonable request for academic purposes. Data will be shared after removal of all direct identifiers and in accordance with applicable ethical approvals and data protection regulations. Access to the data will require a methodologically sound research proposal and a data use agreement. Requests should be directed to the corresponding author.
Supporting information: Study protocol
Time frame: Data will be available beginning 6 months after publication and will remain available for 5 years.
Access criteria: Access will be granted to researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal. Requests must be approved by the principal investigator and may require a data use agreement in accordance with institutional and ethical regulations.
From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
This study is completed, as verified in Oct 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital