An interventional study of Snack Type 1: Walnuts and Snack Type 2: Pretzels in Overweight/Obesity, sponsored by University of Colorado, Denver. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 25 Years to 45 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-03-23.
Sponsored by University of Colorado, Denver · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other
This study plans to learn more about how different types of snacks may affect brain processes relating to eating behaviors during a diet intervention.
11,522 studies on the registry are indexed under Obesity; 2,033 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 70 is close to the median of 67 across 9,006 interventional studies indexed under Obesity.
Browse Obesity studies →University of Colorado, Denver is the lead sponsor of 1,543 studies on the registry; 317 are open to participants now.
Of its 147 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 92 (63%) have results posted.
Compared within Obesity, this study's primary condition as ClinicalTrials.gg classifies it; the registry's first condition term is Overweight. The counts are of registry records indexed under each term, refreshed daily. How we classify →
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.
What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.
Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.
Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.
BMI (body mass index)
Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.
What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Corticosteroids (steroids)
Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.
Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Participants will complete a 12 week diet intervention, during which they will be asked to reduce their daily caloric intake. During the diet intervention, participants in the Snack Type 1 group will be asked to eat a daily snack of walnuts, which will be provided by the study team. Participants will meet with study staff on a weekly basis during the intervention (with some meetings virtual and in-person visits every 2-3 weeks).
Other: Snack Type 1: Walnuts
Participants will complete a 12 week diet intervention, during which they will be asked to reduce their daily caloric intake. During the diet intervention, participants in the Snack Type 2 group will be asked to eat a daily snack of pretzels, which will be provided by the study team. Participants will meet with study staff on a weekly basis during the intervention (with some meetings virtual and in-person visits every 2-3 weeks).
Other: Snack Type 2: Pretzels
Participants will complete a 12 week diet intervention, during which they will be asked to reduce their daily caloric intake. During the diet intervention, participants in the Snack Type 1 group will be asked to eat a daily snack of walnuts, which will be provided by the study team.
Participants will complete a 12 week diet intervention, during which they will be asked to reduce their daily caloric intake. During the diet intervention, participants in the Snack Type 2 group will be asked to eat a daily snack of pretzels, which will be provided by the study team.
Percent change in Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) response to visual food cues as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging
Percent change in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response from baseline to after the 12-week intervention while viewing visual food cues will be measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), focusing on insula, striatum, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex.
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks
Change in percent body fat
Change in percent body fat from baseline to after the 12-week intervention.
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks
Change in appetite response to a meal
Change in appetite response to a meal (area under the curve for visual analog scale \[VAS\] ratings of hunger and satiety across fasted and fed states) from baseline to after the 12-week intervention.
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks
Change in food cravings
Change in food cravings (using the Food Cravings Questionnaire) from baseline to after the 12-week intervention
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks
Change in dietary restraint
Change in dietary restraint (measured using the dietary restraint subscale of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire) from baseline to after the 12-week intervention.
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks
Change in reward-based eating drive
Change in reward based eating drive (measured using the Reward-Based Eating Drive-13 questionnaire) from baseline to after the 12-week intervention.
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks
Change in waist circumference
Change in waist circumference (cm) from baseline to after the 12-week intervention
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks
Change in body weight
Change in body weight (kg) from baseline to after the 12-week intervention
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks
Plan to share: No
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