ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT07341243T1D-HeatUpdated Jan 14, 2026

Exercising in Hot Conditions: How Does it Effect Blood Glucose in People With T1D

An interventional study of Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), sponsored by Liverpool John Moores University. Recruiting at 1 site in United Kingdom. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-01-14.

Sponsored by Liverpool John Moores University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Nov 2025; still recruiting 1 year later.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
38
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 268 studies in Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 with a site in United Kingdom — 32 open to participants now, 42 under way, 5 of them phase 3. Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 · United Kingdom.

Planned enrollment
122nd of 214
38 · median 50
Started
2025
with 11 others
No phase
106 of 268
10 open now
Primary completion
2026-11
later than 15 of 41 live
Registered
263rd of 268
by date
Lead sponsor
9 of 268
Liverpool John Moores University

Among the 268 studies in Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 with a site in United Kingdom, this one is the 122nd largest by planned enrollment of the 214 interventional ones, is one of 12 that started in 2025, is one of 106 with no phase, reaches primary completion later than 15 of the 41 other live ones, and was the 263rd registered.

By phase

268 studies; the count open now beside each. This study's row is marked.

No phasethis study106 · 10 open
Observational54 · 14 open
Phase 351 · 4 open
Phase 225 · 3 open
Phase 418 · 1 open
Phase 18 · 0 open
Phase 1/24 · 0 open
Phase 2/32 · 0 open

By the year they started

First in 1997; this study’s year is marked. 12 started in 2025.

Size and results

Median enrollment 50 across the 214 interventional studies, 133 across the 54 observational. Of the 205 that completed or were terminated, 76 (37%) have results posted.

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Watch this landscapeDownload CSVWith an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 268 studies in Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 with a site in United Kingdom, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

A randomised, crossover, counterbalanced repeated measures study will be conducted to examine the effect of acute heat exposure on rate of change in blood glucose concentration during 40 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise and for 30 minutes after exercise. Participants will complete two experimental conditions during two separate laboratory visits, with the order of conditions randomised. One condition will be a temperate condition of 20°C with 50% relative humidity (Temperate), the other will be 40°C with 50% relative humidity (Heat). Visits will be identical, including time of day, except for the condition. Visits will be separated by 24h. Testing will take place in the laboratories of the Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences at Liverpool John Moores University.

03

Conditions studied

  • Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

Keywords

  • exercise
  • heat
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • T1D diagnosis more than 1 years ago (to ensure participants are out of the honeymoon period)
  • Using insulin therapy with multiple daily injections (MDI), insulin pump (pump), or hybrid closed-loop (HCL)

    o If using a HCL system have experience of using a pre-programmed basal rate in manual mode during exercise

  • Aged 18-65 years
  • Regularly engaged in endurance exercise (training at least twice per week for ≥30 minutes per session)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Pregnancy
  • \<6 months postpartum or stopped breastfeeding \<1 month before recruitment
  • Existing cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disease
  • Significant history of hyperglycaemia ( >85 mmol/mol)
  • History of severe hypoglycaemia requiring third party assistance within the last 3 months
  • Body weight \<36.5kg
  • Difficulty swallowing tablets
  • Appointment for an MRI test that cannot be rescheduled
  • Obstructive gastrointestinal disease
  • History of gastrointestinal surgery
  • Have an implanted medical device
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

HbA1c

A blood test of average blood sugar over the past two to three months, given as a percentage or in mmol/mol. 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) or more is the usual threshold for diabetes, normally confirmed by a second test.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
38 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Temperate

    40 minutes of moderate intensity continuous exercise at 20°C with 50% relative humidity

    Behavioral: Exercise

  • Experimental
    Heat

    40 minutes of moderate intensity continuous exercise at 40°C with 50% relative humidity

    Behavioral: Exercise

Interventions

  • BehavioralExercise

    exercise in the heat or temperate conditions

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. blood glucose

    change in blood glucose concentration

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Core temperature

    change in core temperature

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

  2. Skin temperature

    change in skin temperature

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

  3. Free fatty acids

    change free fatty acid concentration

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

  4. insulin

    Change in insulin concentration

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

  5. glucagon

    change in glucagon concentration

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

  6. epinephrine

    change in epinephrine concentration

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

  7. norepinephrine

    change in norepinephrine concentration

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

  8. cortisol

    change in cortisol concentration

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

  9. Growth hormone

    change in Growth hormone concentration

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

  10. lactate

    change in lactate concentration

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — On request to PI

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Nov 2025 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Nov 2026, 12 months after the start.

Of 844 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, half reached primary completion within 19 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 38. This study's planned 12 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 949 studies reached it within 18 months; a quarter within 9 and three quarters within 35.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Nov 25, 2025
First posted
Jan 14, 2026
StartActual
Nov 1, 2025
Primary completionEst.
Nov 1, 2026
CompletionEst.
Nov 1, 2026
Last update
Jan 14, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jan 14, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07341243
Lead sponsor
Liverpool John Moores University
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Jan 14, 2026
Start date
Nov 1, 2025
Primary completion
Nov 1, 2026 (estimated)
Completion
Nov 1, 2026 (estimated)
Last update
Jan 14, 2026

Study contacts

Matthew Cocks, PhD
Contact
m.s.cocks@ljmu.ac.uk
447540191292

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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