ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT07087444Updated Jul 24, 2026

The Effectiveness of Health Education Intervention in Enhancing Personal Protective Equipment Use

An interventional study of Health education intervention to improve knowledge and uptake of personal protective equipment and visibility materials among commercial motorcycle riders and passengers in Road Traffic Injury Prevention, Motorcycle Safety, Personal Protective Equipment Use, Visibility Materials, Injury Prevention Education, Health Behavior Change, sponsored by University of Buea. Completed at 1 site in Cameroon. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-07-24.

Sponsored by University of Buea · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 1 year 2 months after the study started (first participant enrolled May 2024, registered Jul 2025).
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
967
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study is testing whether a health education program can help commercial motorcycle riders and passengers in the Limbe and Tiko Health Districts of Cameroon improve their use of safety equipment. These include items like helmets, reflective jackets, and other materials that help riders and passengers be more visible and protected on the road.

People who ride or travel on motorcycles are at high risk for road injuries, especially when visibility is low. Wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) and visibility materials can prevent many of these injuries, but many riders do not use them regularly.

The study involves educating riders and passengers through group sessions and follow-up messages about the importance of safety gear. The investigators will compare the use of PPE and visibility materials before and after the health education intervention to see if it made a difference.

Adults aged 18 and older who ride or travel on motorcycles in Limbe or Tiko are eligible to participate. The study will last several months and does not involve any drugs or medical procedures. There is no known risk to participants.

The results will help guide future road safety programs in Cameroon and other similar settings

Read the detailed description

Commercial motorcycle riders and passengers in Cameroon face a high burden of road traffic injuries, especially in crisis-affected areas like the Limbe and Tiko Health Districts. Poor road visibility, limited use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and low awareness of road safety practices contribute significantly to these injuries.

Despite the known benefits of PPE such as helmets, reflective jackets, and visibility materials, their uptake remains low. Previous studies have shown that health education can improve safety behaviors, but there is limited evidence on its effectiveness in increasing the use of PPE and visibility materials in this high-risk population.

This study aims to assess the impact of a targeted health education intervention on the uptake of PPE and visibility materials among commercial motorcycle riders and passengers. The intervention includes interactive education sessions, distribution of educational materials, and follow-up communication through SMS. Participants' knowledge, attitudes, and use of safety equipment will be measured before and after the intervention to evaluate effectiveness.

The findings from this study will support the design of scalable and community-driven road safety interventions and may inform national policy and programming to reduce road traffic injuries in Cameroon and similar low-resource settings.

02

Conditions studied

  • Road Traffic Injury Prevention, Motorcycle Safety, Personal Protective Equipment Use, Visibility Materials, Injury Prevention Education, Health Behavior Change

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Keywords

  • Motorcycle safety, personal protective equipment, visibility materials, road injury prevention, health education, commercial riders, Cameroon, road safety
03

In context

Health Education

481 studies on the registry are indexed under Health Education; 110 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 967 is above the median of 132 across 450 interventional studies indexed under Health Education.

Browse Health Education studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Buea is the lead sponsor of 5 studies on the registry; 1 is open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Adults aged 18 years and above

Commercial motorcycle riders or regular motorcycle passengers

Residing or operating in the Limbe or Tiko Health District

Willing and able to provide

Able to participate in both baseline and follow-up assessments

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Individuals who declined to provide

Individuals who were not available for follow-up or unwilling to participate in follow-up assessments

Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
967 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Arm 1 Title: Intervention Group (Limbe Health District)

    Participants in the Limbe Health District receive a structured health education intervention designed to improve their knowledge, attitudes, and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and visibility materials. The intervention includes interactive group sessions, distribution of educational materials, and follow-up reminders via SMS to reinforce safe riding practices. This aims to increase the consistent use of helmets, reflective jackets, and other visibility aids to reduce road traffic injuries among commercial motorcycle riders and passengers.

    Behavioral: Health education intervention to improve knowledge and uptake of personal protective equipment and visibility materials among commercial motorcycle riders and passengers

  • No intervention
    Arm 2 Title: Control Group (Tiko Health District)

    Participants in the Tiko Health District serve as the control group and do not receive the health education intervention during the study period. They continue their usual practices without additional education or support related to personal protective equipment or visibility materials. This allows comparison to assess the effectiveness of the intervention delivered in Limbe.

Interventions

  • BehavioralHealth education intervention to improve knowledge and uptake of personal protective equipment and visibility materials among commercial motorcycle riders and passengers

    This intervention consists of a structured health education program targeting commercial motorcycle riders and passengers in the Limbe Health District. It includes interactive group sessions focused on the importance, benefits, and correct use of personal protective equipment (helmets, reflective jackets) and visibility materials (reflective strips, lights). Educational materials such as leaflets and posters are distributed to reinforce learning. Additionally, participants receive follow-up SMS reminders to encourage consistent and proper use of protective gear. The goal is to increase awareness and uptake of safety measures to reduce road traffic injuries. This intervention is community-based and tailored to the local context in Cameroon.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Uptake of personal protective equipment and visibility materials

    Change in the proportion of motorcycle riders and passengers reporting consistent use of PPE (helmets, reflective jackets) and visibility materials (reflective strips, lights) before and after the intervention.

    Time frame: From enrollment to endline at 6 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in knowledge level on the importance of PPE and visibility materials

    Improvement in participants' knowledge scores (based on a structured questionnaire) about the role of PPE and visibility materials in road safety.

    Time frame: 6 months

  2. Change in attitudes toward use of PPE and visibility materials

    Improvement in participants' attitude scores toward the regular and appropriate use of PPE and visibility materials.

    Time frame: Baseline and 6 months post-intervention

07

Study locations

1 site
  • University of Buea
    Buea, SWR 63, Cameroon
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Ukah CE, Tendongfor N, Hubbard A, Tanue EA, Oke R, Bassah N, McCoy SI, Yunika LK, Ngu CN, Hemono R, Christie SA, Nsagha DS, Chichom-Mefire A, Juillard C. Knowledge and attitudes of commercial motorcyclists on personal protective equipment in the crisis-affected Limbe and Tiko Health Districts of Cameroon toward injury prevention: A formative research study for a health education intervention. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2025 May 7:2025.05.06.25327113. doi: 10.1101/2025.05.06.25327113. PubMed 40385440 ↗
  • Ukah CE, Tendongfor N, Hubbard A, Tanue EA, Oke R, Bassah N, Yunika LK, Ngu CN, Christie SA, Nsagha DS, Chichom-Mefire A, Juillard C. Impact of a health education intervention on knowledge, attitudes, and use of visibility materials among commercial motorcycle riders: a quasi-experimental study in Cameroon. Res Sq [Preprint]. 2026 Mar 27:rs.3.rs-9163081. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9163081/v1. PubMed 41928805 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in the study will be made available after de-identification. Data will be shared with researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal and agree to use the data only for research purposes. Data will be available starting 6 months after publication and for up to 5 years. To request access, contact the Principal Investigator at [your email].

Supporting information: Study protocol, Statistical analysis plan, Informed consent form

Time frame: 6 months after publication and 5 years after the start date

Access criteria: Individual participant data (IPD) and supporting documents will be accessible to qualified researchers who submit a scientifically sound research proposal related to the study objectives. Researchers must agree to use the data solely for research purposes and to maintain participant confidentiality. Access will be granted after approval by the Principal Investigator or the study steering committee. Data and documents will be shared via secure data transfer methods upon signing a data use agreement. Requests can be submitted by contacting the Principal Investigator at chrisantuseweh@gmail.com.

Data sharing details ↗ · www.ubuea.cm

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from May 2024 to primary completion in Nov 2025, 18 months.

Of 292 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Health Education, half reached primary completion within 11 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 3 and three quarters within 24. This study's 18 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 293 studies reached it within 11 months; a quarter within 3 and three quarters within 24.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jul 20, 2025
First posted
Jul 28, 2025
StartActual
May 15, 2024
Primary completionActual
Nov 30, 2025
CompletionActual
Mar 15, 2026
Last update
Jul 24, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jul 24, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07087444
Lead sponsor
University of Buea
Responsible party
Chrisantus Eweh Ukah (PhD Fellow / Principal Investigator, University of Buea) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jul 28, 2025
Start date
May 15, 2024
Primary completion
Nov 30, 2025
Completion
Mar 15, 2026
Last update
Jul 24, 2026

Study contacts

Chrisantus Eweh Ukah, PhD Fellow
principal investigator · UNIVERSITY OF BUEA, Cameroon

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Jul 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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