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RecruitingNCT07036341ProBUSUpdated Aug 18, 2026

Rehabilitation After a Hip Fracture: the Effects of Dietary Protein and Exercise on Bone and Muscle Health and Quality of Life

An interventional study of Protein-enriched diet and Progressive resistance exercise in Hip Fractures, sponsored by Wageningen University. Recruiting at 2 sites in Netherlands. Open to participants aged 65 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-18.

Sponsored by Wageningen University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
102
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
65 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Hip fractures often lead to functional limitations, loss of independence, weight loss and decreased well-being. Only half of the patients regain their functional level and 24% die within the following year. Financial consequences are significant due to costly surgery and long-term care. Hip fracture incidence is expected to increase sharply due to the ageing population, reducing accessibility to and quality of rehabilitation care. Therefore, optimizing treatment is essential.

Previous protein and exercise studies showed improved muscle and bone health in healthy or frail community-dwelling older adults, but effects in older hip fracture patients are not known. Better rehabilitation may improve bone and muscle health, nutritional status, quality of life, lower costs and lower burden for healthcare.

The overall objective is to investigate the effectiveness, costs and cost-effectiveness of a protein-enriched diet and resistance exercise for 3 months compared to usual care on bone and muscle health, and quality of life in older adults recovering from an acute hip fracture.

02

Conditions studied

  • Hip Fractures

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Keywords

  • Hip fracture patients
  • Protein
  • Resistance Exercise
  • Bone health
  • Muscle health
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
65 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Eligibility criteria

In order to be eligible to participate in this study, a subject must meet all of the following criteria:

  • Age ≥ 65 years
  • Acute hip fracture
  • Able to give written informed consent
  • Mentally competent, as judged by the treating physician
  • Admission to a rehabilitation centre that participates in this research

A potential subject who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:

  • Allergic, intolerant or hypersensitive to milk/lactose (self-reported)
  • Not willing to stop using dietary supplements with exception of calcium and vitamin D
  • Pathological fracture or periprosthetic fracture
  • Abnormal hepatic or renal laboratory parameters, such as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \<30 ml/min/1,73 m2 (data from hospital)
  • Diagnosis of disorders/diseases where a high protein intake can be harmful, such as renal impairment or failure, or liver disease (geriatric care physician has the decisive voice)
  • Diagnosis of bone metabolic disorders such as primary hyperparathyroidism, Paget's disease, or myeloma.
  • Taking medication other than bisphosphonates known to strongly alter bone, calcium or muscle metabolism, such as oestrogen, hormone replacement therapy, corticosteroids, anabolic agents, or calcitonin.
  • Disorders/diseases which may affect ability to follow study protocol and which cannot be overcome with help of a caregiver
  • Current participation in other scientific research
  • No permission to request information from the general practitioner/ treating specialist(s) about medical history, medication use, liver and kidney values, and details about the broken hip
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
102 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Intervention

    The intervention group receives a tailor-made protein-enriched diet and an extended progressive resistance training program.

    Other: Protein-enriched diet · Other: Progressive resistance exercise

  • No intervention
    Control

    The control group receives usual care.

Interventions

  • OtherProtein-enriched diet

    A protein intake of 1.5 g/kg bodyweight/day. This will be obtained by consuming protein-rich and protein-enriched foods.

  • OtherProgressive resistance exercise

    The intervention group will perform resistance training during three non-consecutive days with a minimum of 48 hours between the sessions. Subjects will continue the resistance training after discharge for 2 times a week, also with a minimum of 48 hours between sessions until the study period of 3 months is completed. All sessions will be supervised by physiotherapists.

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Physical Functioning

    The short physical performance battery (SPPB) is used to assess physcial functioning. This test is a performance test assessing lower extremity function using measures of gait speed (over 4 meter), standing balance, and lower extremity strength.

    Time frame: Physical performance measurements will be performed at baseline, after discharge from the rehabilitation centre (varies per participant, on average after 1 month), and after 3 months.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Handgrip strength

    Handgrip strenght will be measured with a hand dynamometer (kg).

    Time frame: Handgrip strength will be measured at baseline, after discharge from the rehabilitation centre (varies per participant, on average after 1 month), and after 3 months.

  2. Muscle mass

    Muscle mass will be quantified using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).

    Time frame: The DEXA scans will be performed at baseline and after 3 months.

  3. Bone Mineral Density

    BMD will be measured at baseline and after 3 months in the hospital. Total hip, femoral neck and total body BMD (g/cm2) will be measured using DEXA. The unfractured hip will be assessed.

    Time frame: The DEXA scans will be performed at baseline and after 3 months.

  4. Bone Mineral Density

    Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters of the calcaneus will be measured using the portable Achilles EXPII bone ultrasonometer.

    Time frame: The quantitative ultrasound measurements will be performed at baseline and after 3 months.

  5. Quality of life

    Quality of life will be assessed with the EQ5D-5L questionnaire.

    Time frame: Quality of life will be assessed at baseline, after discharge from the rehabilitation centre (varies per participant, on average after 1 month), and after 3 months.

  6. Blood markers

    Blood markers P1NP, IGF-1, PTH and vitamin D will be measured in serum.

    Time frame: Blood markers will be measured at baseline, after discharge from the rehabilitation centre (varies per participant, on average after 1 month), and after 3 months.

  7. Inpatient rehabilitation time

    Number of days the patient stayed in the rehabilitation centre.

    Time frame: Assessed at discharge from the rehabilitation centre (varies per participant, on average after 1 month).

  8. Daily life functioning

    The Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living will be used to assess daily life functioning.

    Time frame: Daily life functioning will be assessed at baseline, after discharge from the rehabilitation centre (varies per participant, on average after 1 month), and after 3 months.

  9. Nutritional Status

    The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) will be used to evaluate nutritional status.

    Time frame: This measurement will be performed at baseline, after discharge from the rehabilitation centre (varies per participant, on average after 1 month), and after 3 months.

  10. Costs

    Participants will use a cost diary to keep track of their health care use, out-of-pocket costs, and productivity losses. A health care use questionnaire based on the iMTA Medical Cost Questionnaire will be used, which includes cost categories that were deemed relevant for older adults (general practitioner, home care, informal care, dietitian, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, hospitalization, residential care, rehabilitation care, outpatient clinic, and medication use). Out-of-pocket costs includes sports club memberships, purchase of sport equipment, and other out-of-pocket payments related to the intervention. Productivity losses will be measured using questions from the Productivity Cost Questionnaire.

    Time frame: This will be assessed after 3 months.

Other outcomes

  1. Dietary intake

    The dietary intake will be observed and recorded over a period of three non-consecutive days.

    Time frame: This measurement will be performed at baseline, after discharge from the rehabilitation centre (varies per participant, on average after 1 month), and after 3 months.

  2. Frailty status

    Frailty status is assessed with the Fried criteria.

    Time frame: This measurement will be performed at baseline, after discharge from the rehabilitation centre (varies per participant, on average after 1 month), and after 3 months.

  3. Body weight

    Body weight in kg

    Time frame: This measurement will be performed at baseline, after discharge from the rehabilitation centre (varies per participant, on average after 1 month), and after 3 months.

  4. Blood markers

    Levels of free vitamin D, folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin C are measured

    Time frame: This measurement will be performed at baseline and after 3 months.

  5. Physical Activity

    The LASA Physical Activity Questionnaire (LAPAQ) is used to measure physical activity levels.

    Time frame: This is assessed at baseline, after discharge from the rehabilitation centre (varies per participant, on average after 1 month), and after 3 months.

  6. Appetite

    The Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) is used to assess appetite.

    Time frame: This is assessed at baseline, after discharge from the rehabilitation centre (varies per participant, on average after 1 month), and after 3 months.

  7. Fear of falling

    Fear of falling will be assessed with the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I).

    Time frame: This will be assessed after 3 months.

  8. Oral health

    Questionnaire

    Time frame: This measurement will be performed at baseline.

  9. Number of and time to new falls and fragility fractures

    Number of and time to new falls and fragility fractures is assessed with a questionnaire

    Time frame: This is assessed after 3 months.

06

Study locations

2 of 2 sites recruiting
  • Rijnstate Hospital
    Arnhem, 6851AD, Netherlands
    Recruiting
  • Gelderse Vallei Hospital
    Ede, 6716RP, Netherlands
    Recruiting
07

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07036341
Lead sponsor
Wageningen University
Collaborators
Rijnstate Hospital, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Liemerije Revalidatiezorg, Opella Revalidatiezorg, Pleyade Revalidatiezorg, Attent Zorg en Behandeling, Alliantie Voeding in de Zorg, Osteoporosis Association
Responsible party
Lisette de Groot (prof.dr.ir., Wageningen University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jun 25, 2025
Start date
Sep 1, 2024
Primary completion
Feb 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Feb 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Aug 18, 2026

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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