An interventional study of Forearm immobilization in Healthy and Type 2 Diabetes, sponsored by Wageningen University. Recruiting at 1 site in Netherlands. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 80 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-07-02.
Sponsored by Wageningen University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science
The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of short-term forearm immobilization on forearm muscle glucose uptake and amino acid net balance and kinetics in individuals with T2D compared with a control group with normoglycaemia.
Participants with and without T2D will undergo 2 days of forearm immobilization as a model of local physical inactivity. Before, throughout, and after immobilization arteriovenous forearm balance measurements will be combined with a stable isotope tracer infusion to measure muscle glucose uptake and amino acid balance, uptake, and efflux.
Exclusion criteria
Two days of standardized meal consumption
Behavioral: Forearm immobilization
Two days of standardized meal consumption
Behavioral: Forearm immobilization
Two days of forearm immobilization
Change in forearm muscle glucose uptake
The change in postprandial muscle insulin sensitivity, measured as forearm glucose uptake, from pre-immobilization to post-immobilization
Time frame: From 0 to 48 hours
Temporal change in forearm glucose uptake
The change in postprandial muscle insulin sensitivity, measured as the temporal response of forearm glucose uptake (FGU), in response to repeated meals during 48 hours of forearm immobilization
Time frame: Prior to and for 3.5 hours following every meal consumption during the 48 hours forearm immobilization period
Change in forearm muscle amino acid kinetics
Plasma phenylalanine kinetics assessed using a stable isotope tracer infusion. Measurements include the rate of appearance (Ra) of phenylalanine across the forearm.
Time frame: Baseline and at regular intervals for 3.5 hours following the first and last meal consumption during the test period (0 to 48 hours)
Change in forearm muscle amino acid kinetics
Plasma phenylalanine kinetics assessed using a stable isotope tracer infusion. Measurements include the rate of disappearance (Rd) of phenylalanine across the forearm.
Time frame: Baseline and at regular intervals for 3.5 hours following the first and last meal consumption during the test period (0 to 48 hours)
Change in forearm muscle amino acid kinetics
Plasma phenylalanine kinetics assessed using a stable isotope tracer infusion. Measurements include the net balance (NB) of phenylalanine across the forearm.
Time frame: Baseline and at regular intervals for 3.5 hours following the first and last meal consumption during the test period (0 to 48 hours)
Change in whole-body substrate oxidation
Change in whole-body substrate oxidation measured using indirect calorimetry, measured before and in response to repeated mixed meals
Time frame: Measurements will be performed at baseline, and at postprandial intervals (at 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours) during a 0 to 48-hour test period.
Plan to share: No
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Wageningen University