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CompletedNCT06979349Updated Jul 27, 2026

Respiration and Balance in Adolescent Volleyball Players

An observational study in Adolescent Behavior and Athletic Injuries, sponsored by Izmir Democracy University. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 10 Years to 19 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-07-27.

Sponsored by Izmir Democracy University · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Case-control
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
18
Ages
10 Years to 19 Years
Sex
All
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Study summary

A volleyball player with high respiratory muscle endurance can perform at a high level of efficiency during competitions without experiencing fatigue. However, no study has been found in the literature examining respiratory muscle strength, respiratory muscle endurance, cough strength and balance parameters in adolescent volleyball players which was therefore aimed to investigate the potential relationship between these parameters in this study.

Read the detailed description

Professional sports performance in adolescent volleyball players who have not yet completed their developmental period may be affected in terms of respiratory muscle strength and endurance, cough strength and balance. However, no study has been found in the literature investigating the relationship between respiratory muscle strength, respiratory muscle endurance, cough strength and balance in adolescent volleyball players and these parameters. Therefore, the aim of our study is to determine the relationship between respiratory muscle strength, respiratory muscle endurance, cough strength and balance in adolescent volleyball players.

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Conditions studied

  • Adolescent Behavior
  • Athletic Injuries

Keywords

  • adolescent
  • volleyball
  • respiratory muscle
  • cough
  • balance
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In context

Adolescent Behavior

305 studies on the registry are indexed under Adolescent Behavior; 47 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 18 is below the median of 247 across 40 observational studies indexed under Adolescent Behavior.

Browse Adolescent Behavior studies →

Lead sponsor

Izmir Democracy University is the lead sponsor of 78 studies on the registry; 32 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
10 Years to 19 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Adolescent Volleyball Players consist of research group.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Being between the ages of 10-19
  • Being actively involved in volleyball for at least 1 year
  • Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study
  • Volleyball player's parent approving participation in the study

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Have been admitted to hospital with a musculoskeletal injury in the last 3 months
  • Have any known neurological, orthopedic, rheumatic, and/or cardiovascular disease
  • Have been involved in a sport other than volleyball for at least 1 year
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Study design

Observational model
Case-control
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
18 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • Adolescent Volleyball Players

    The group consists of volleyball players who have been actively playing volleyball for at least 1 year and between the ages of 10 and 19

    Other: Physical Evaluations in Players

Interventions

  • OtherPhysical Evaluations in Players

    Respiratory muscle strength, respiratory muscle endurance, cough strength or balance will be evaluated in adolescent volleyball players.

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Respiratory muscle strength assessment

    Respiratory muscle strength will be measured using a portable spirometer. The pressure will be recorded during a few seconds of maximal inspiration (Müller maneuver) or expiration (Valsalva maneuver) through the mouth.The high value obtained indicates good muscle strength.

    Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year

Secondary outcomes

  1. Respiratory muscle endurance assessment

    The respiratory muscle endurance test at increasing threshold load will be measured using POWERbreathe Wellness® Classic Light Resistance device. If the volleyball player cannot continue the test for 10 minutes, the last pressure value at which he can continue ventilation for 2 minutes will be recorded as the respiratory muscle endurance value. Being able to sustain the test for a long time indicates good respiratory muscle endurance.

    Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year

  2. Evaluation of Cough Strength

    The volleyball player's peak cough expiratory flow value will be evaluated using a peak flow meter. The best of at least three repetitions will be recorded. The highest value indicates good cough strength.

    Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year

  3. Balance Assessment

    Balance will be assessed using the Functional Reach Test (FUT). Volleyball players will reach forward from the waist to the wall. The highest reach value will be recorded.The highest value indicates good balance.

    Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year

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Study locations

1 site
  • Izmir Democracy University
    Konak, İ̇zmi̇r 35140, Turkey (Türkiye)
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References and documents

Publications

  • Tiaprapong K, Sirikul A, Krajangmek C, Duangthongkul N, Pandam N, Piya-Amornphan N. Awareness of COVID-19 influences on the wellness of Thai health professional students: An ambulatory assessment during the early "new normal" informing policy. PLoS One. 2021 Jun 14;16(6):e0252681. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252681. eCollection 2021. PubMed 34125868 ↗
  • Fink JB. Forced expiratory technique, directed cough, and autogenic drainage. Respir Care. 2007 Sep;52(9):1210-21; discussion 1221-3. PubMed 17716387 ↗
  • Duncan PW, Weiner DK, Chandler J, Studenski S. Functional reach: a new clinical measure of balance. J Gerontol. 1990 Nov;45(6):M192-7. doi: 10.1093/geronj/45.6.m192. PubMed 2229941 ↗
  • Celik Z, Guzel NA, Yuksel F, Kafa N. Lung age and respiratory muscle strength in female volleyball players. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2021 Oct;67(10):1432-1436. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210639. PubMed 35018971 ↗
  • American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society. ATS/ERS Statement on respiratory muscle testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Aug 15;166(4):518-624. doi: 10.1164/rccm.166.4.518. No abstract available. PubMed 12186831 ↗
  • Bahat G, Tufan A, Ozkaya H, Tufan F, Akpinar TS, Akin S, Bahat Z, Kaya Z, Kiyan E, Erten N, Karan MA. Relation between hand grip strength, respiratory muscle strength and spirometric measures in male nursing home residents. Aging Male. 2014 Sep;17(3):136-40. doi: 10.3109/13685538.2014.936001. Epub 2014 Jul 4. PubMed 24993454 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jul 27, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06979349
Lead sponsor
Izmir Democracy University
Responsible party
Gulsah Bargi (Assoc. Prof. Dr., Izmir Democracy University) — Principal investigator
First posted
May 18, 2025
Start date
May 19, 2024
Primary completion
May 30, 2026
Completion
Jul 23, 2026
Last update
Jul 27, 2026

Study contacts

GÜLŞAH BARGI
study director · Izmir Democracy University
ÖZLEM ÇİNAR ÖZDEMİR, Prof Dr
principal investigator · Abant Izzet Baysal University
CEMRE GÖRÜNMEZOĞLU, MSc
principal investigator · Izmir Democracy University
ELİF YEŞİLAY BÜYÜKDERE, MSc
principal investigator · Goztepe Sport Club

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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