An observational study in Headache and Cervical Radiculopathy, sponsored by University Hospital of North Norway. Completed. Open to participants aged 16 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-03-26.
Sponsored by University Hospital of North Norway · Observational
Surgery for degenerative cervical radiculopathy (DCR) is one of the most common causes of neck surgery. The typical surgical indication is radicular pain (arm pain) caused by nerve impingement. However, many patients also report varying degrees of pain in the neck and head. This headache, often referred to as cervicogenic headache (CEH), is believed to result from the convergence of trigeminal afferents and the upper three cervical spinal nerves in structures such as facet joints, ligaments, cervical muscles, intervertebral and nerve roots.
The diagnostic criteria used to distinguish CEH from the other types of headaches are based on low to moderate evidence and can be challenging due to their similar clinical presentations. Nevertheless, headache disorders are a common cause of disability and many patients undergoing surgery for DCR report headache. However, prior reports assessing headache in patients surgically treated for DCR are limited by small sample sizes, inconsistent inclusion criteria and outcome measures. Consequently, there is limited understanding about the frequency of DCR associated headache and whether these patients experience meaningful improvements in their headache following surgical treatment.
The aims of this study are to assess 1) the frequency of DCR associated headache in patients operated for DCR, 2) the minimal clinical important change for NRS headache 3) if DCR associated headache is an independent prognostic factor for neck pain-related disability and 4) if patients experience improvement in their headache 12 months after surgery for DCR.
Hypothesis:
Our null hypothesis is that DCR patients with and without concomitant headache have similar outcomes after surgery. Our alternative hypothesis is that concomitant headache is a negative predictor for a favourable outcome of DCR surgery, i.e. an effect size less than the MCIC value for improvement.
Data source:
The project will use prospectively collected data from the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery (NORspine). The NORspine is a comprehensive national clinical registry, with a capture rate of patients operated for DCR of 75% from 2021 and a response rate at 12 months follow-up of 80% in 2022. The coverage rate at the institutional level is 95-100%.
Analyses and reporting will be conducted according to the methodology proposed by PROGRESS (prognosis research strategy) framework, and reported according to the STROBE (strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology) statement.
Data collection:
Demographic variables, smoking, educational level, duration of symptoms, status on sick leave, working and disability status are collected at admission (baseline). Comorbidity, diagnosis, treatment as well as perioperative complications are recorded by surgeons. Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are recorded at admission (baseline) and 3- and 12 months follow-up time) after surgery.
Statistical analyses:
The invastigators will select patients with both headache and neck pain assessed with the NRS to assess the frequency of DCR associated headache.
To determine the MCIC of DCR associated headache the invastigators will use the global perceived effect (GPE) scale as the external criterion (anchor). The invastigators will assess the mean NRS headache score at 12 months, change score between baseline and 12 months follow-up and the corresponding percentage change score. A cut-off value for the NRS headache MCIC will be obtained by assessing values of sensitivity and specificity receiver operating curve (ROC).
Univariable and multivariable analyses will be used to evaluate if NRS headache is a potential prognostic factor against the NDI (35% improvement (yes/no) using binary logistic regression, adjusted for a priori selection of confounding factors. A p-value of \<0.05 will be considered statistically significant.
488 studies on the registry are indexed under Radiculopathy; 141 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 12,000 is above the median of 93 across 98 observational studies indexed under Radiculopathy.
Browse Radiculopathy studies →University Hospital of North Norway is the lead sponsor of 151 studies on the registry; 24 are open to participants now.
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The study will include consecutive patients operated for DCR in public and private hospitals and registered in the NORspine from January 2012 to December 2022.
Exclusion criteria:
Neck disability index (NDI)
The NDI measures how neck pain affects daily life in the following domains: pain, personal care, lifting, reading, headaches, concentration, work, driving, sleeping and recreation, using a 6-point ordinal scale (0-5). The 10 items are summarized and recalculated to a percentage score ranging from 0 to 100 (no to maximum disability). The NDI percentage change will be dichotomized to 35% improvement (yes/no).
Time frame: 3- and 12 months
NDI headache
NDI headache scale contains the following responses: (0) "I have no headaches at all", (1) "I have slight headaches, which come infrequently", (2) "I have moderate headaches, which come infrequently", (3) "I have moderate headaches, which come frequently", (4) "I have severe headaches, which come frequently" and (5) "I have headaches almost all the time".
Time frame: 3- and 12 months
Numeric rating scale for neck pain (NRS-NP)
NRS-NP assesses pain severity ranging from 0 to 10 ("no" to "worst conceivable pain").
Time frame: 3- and 12 months
Numeric rating scale for arm pain (NRS-AP)
NRS-AP assesses pain severity ranging from 0 to 10 ("no" to "worst conceivable pain").
Time frame: 3- and 12 months
NRS-HA
Numeric rating scale for headache (NRS-HA) assesses pain severity ranging from 0 to 10 ("no" to "worst conceivable pain").
Time frame: 3- and 12 months
Global perceived effect (GPE)
GPE scale measures the perceived benefit after surgery: (1) "completely recovered," (2) "much improved," (3) "slightly improved," (4) "unchanged," (5) "slightly worse," (6) "much worse", and (7) "worse than ever."
Time frame: 3- and 12 months
EQ-5D-3L
EQ-5D-3L is a preference-weighted measure of health-related quality of life based on five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activity, pain/discomfort and anxiety/discomfort (23). The patient assesses three possible levels (3L); "none," "mild to moderate," and "severe" for each dimension. The score ranges from 0.59 to 1, where 1 corresponds to perfect health and 0 to death and negative values worse than death.
Time frame: 12 month
No study locations are listed for this record.
Plan to share: No — Due to patient sensitiv data content.
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University Hospital of North Norway