An interventional study of Reflexology in Reflexology, Migraine and Pain, sponsored by Muş Alparslan University. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years to 60 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-03-04.
Sponsored by Muş Alparslan University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other
The aim of this randomised controlled trial was to evaluate the effect of foot reflexology on pain intensity, fatigue and quality of life in migraine patients.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Is foot reflexology effective in reducing pain intensity in migraine patients? Is foot reflexology effective in reducing the fatigue level of migraine patients? Is foot reflexology effective in improving the quality of life of migraine patients? Comparison group: The researchers will evaluate the effects of foot reflexology by comparing the group receiving reflexology intervention with the control group receiving only routine treatment.
Participants were selected according to the following criteria:
Intervention group: Individuals diagnosed with migraine will receive foot reflexology twice a week for a total of 10 sessions.
Control group: No additional intervention will be applied to this group, only their routine treatment and medical follow-up will continue.
Both groups will be evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the study with the Patient Information Form, Migraine 24-Hour Quality of Life Scale (QoLQS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). After the completion of the study, reflexology will be applied to patients in the control group who are willing to receive reflexology.
1,528 studies on the registry are indexed under Migraine Disorders; 299 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 78 is close to the median of 80 across 1,175 interventional studies indexed under Migraine Disorders.
Browse Migraine Disorders studies →Muş Alparslan University is the lead sponsor of 60 studies on the registry; 23 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Exclusion Criteria:
reflexology was applied to the experimental group
Other: Reflexology
reflexology was not applied to the control group
Reflexology is a practice based on the fact that the organs in the body are connected to the reflex areas in the hands and feet.
Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Pain. The Visual Analog Scale is a unidimensional measure of perceived pain intensity. It consists of a 10-centimeter horizontal line anchored by two descriptors: "no pain" (0) and "worst imaginable pain" (10). Participants mark a point on the line corresponding to their perceived pain intensity, resulting in a score ranging from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate greater pain severity and represent a worse outcome. Lower scores indicate less pain and represent a better outcome.
Time frame: At the end of the 5-week intervention
Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS)
The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) will be used to evaluate changes in participants' fatigue levels. The FSS consists of nine items scored from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater fatigue severity. The total score ranges from a minimum of 9 to a maximum of 63.
Time frame: At the end of the 5-week intervention
24-Hour Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (24 h MQoLQ)
24-Hour Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (24 h MQoLQ) will assess changes in migraine-specific quality of life. It includes five subscales: Migraine Symptoms, Emotions and Concerns, Work Functionality, Social Functionality, and Energy/Vitality. Higher scores indicate better quality of life. The total score ranges from a minimum of 15 to a maximum of 105.
Time frame: At the end of the 5-week intervention
| Milestone | Experimental Group | Control Group |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 39 | 39 |
| Completed | 39 | 39 |
| Not completed | 0 | 0 |
| Milestone | Experimental Group | Control Group |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 39 | 39 |
| Completed | 39 | 39 |
| Not completed | 0 | 0 |
Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Pain. The Visual Analog Scale is a unidimensional measure of perceived pain intensity. It consists of a 10-centimeter horizontal line anchored by two descriptors: "no pain" (0) and "worst imaginable pain" (10). Participants mark a point on the line corresponding to their perceived pain intensity, resulting in a score ranging from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate greater pain severity and represent a worse outcome. Lower scores indicate less pain and represent a better outcome.
| Score (0-10) | Experimental Group | Control Group |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | 4.15 ± 1.63 | 7.46 ± 1.48 |
The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) will be used to evaluate changes in participants' fatigue levels. The FSS consists of nine items scored from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater fatigue severity. The total score ranges from a minimum of 9 to a maximum of 63.
| Score (9-63) | Experimental Group | Control Group |
|---|---|---|
| Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) | 32.97 ± 6.74 | 42.28 ± 6.39 |
24-Hour Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (24 h MQoLQ) will assess changes in migraine-specific quality of life. It includes five subscales: Migraine Symptoms, Emotions and Concerns, Work Functionality, Social Functionality, and Energy/Vitality. Higher scores indicate better quality of life. The total score ranges from a minimum of 15 to a maximum of 105.
| Score (15-105) | Experimental Group | Control Group |
|---|---|---|
| 24-Hour Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (24 h MQoLQ) | 81.05 ± 8.97 | 69.51 ± 8.99 |
Collected over 5 week. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group | 0/39 (0%) | 0/39 (0%) | 0/39 (0%) |
| Control Group | 0/39 (0%) | 0/39 (0%) | 0/39 (0%) |
| Age, Continuous(Year) | Experimental Group | Control Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 42.76 ± 12.23 | 38.41 ± 10.63 | 40.58 ± 11.59 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | Experimental Group | Control Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 25 | 24 | 49 |
| Male | 14 | 15 | 29 |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected(Participants) | Experimental Group | Control Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Count of participants | — | — | 0 |
| Baseline Pain Intensity (Visual Analog Scale)(Score (range 0-10)) | Experimental Group | Control Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 7.26 ± 1.48 | 7.59 ± 1.25 | 7.42 ± 1.37 |
| Baseline Fatigue Severity(Score (9-63)) | Experimental Group | Control Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 43.77 ± 5.11 | 43.10 ± 5.73 | 43.43 ± 5.41 |
| Baseline Migraine-Specific Quality of Life(Score (15-105)) | Experimental Group | Control Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 68.15 ± 8.27 | 67.59 ± 6.01 | 67.87 ± 7.18 |
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Muş Alparslan University