A Phase 2 interventional study of Biopsy Procedure and Biospecimen Collection in Barrett Esophagus, Clinical Stage I Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8 and Clinical Stage IIA Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8, sponsored by National Cancer Institute (NCI). Recruiting at 6 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-14.
Sponsored by National Cancer Institute (NCI) · Phase 2, Interventional, and Prevention
Among 209 studies in Barrett Esophagus with a site in United States — 38 open to participants now, 48 under way, none of them phase 3. Barrett Esophagus · United States.
Among the 209 studies in Barrett Esophagus with a site in United States, this one is the 50th largest by planned enrollment of the 122 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 6 that started in 2026, is one of 11 in phase 2, reaches primary completion later than 46 of the 47 other live ones, and was the 201st registered.
312 studies on the registry are indexed under Barrett Esophagus; 60 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 76 is above the median of 62 across 187 interventional studies indexed under Barrett Esophagus.
Browse Barrett Esophagus studies →38 of the 209 studies in Barrett Esophagus with a site in United States are open now, in 2 countries. Each count lists the studies.
Of the 44 Barrett Esophagus studies recruiting now, 31 (70%) set no upper age limit and 2 (5%) stop at 75 or younger; 4 take children under 18; 10 take healthy volunteers.
This study: 18 Years and older · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.
The full table on the hub →209 studies; the count open now beside each. This study's row is marked.
First in 2000; this study’s year is marked. 6 started in 2026.
Median enrollment 58 across the 122 interventional studies, 123 across the 86 observational. Of the 141 that completed or were terminated, 45 (32%) have results posted.
37 of 209 have an industry lead sponsor. The 10 most frequent:
National Cancer Institute (NCI) is the lead sponsor of 3,556 studies on the registry; 336 are open to participants now.
Of its 411 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 373 (91%) have results posted.
National Cancer Institute (NCI) has 8 studies filed under Barrett Esophagus — fewer than ten, so there is no comparison to draw.
14 of the studies in Barrett Esophagus with a site in United States that are under way reach primary completion within a year, 0 of them phase 3. Phase 3 first, then by date:
| Study | Primary completion |
|---|---|
| NCT06532734Denver Health and Hospital AuthorityBarrett's Esophagitis in Anorexia Nervosa Binge/Purge Subtype | 2026-11 |
| NCT00590239Midwest Biomedical Research FoundationBarrett's Esophagus Related Neoplasia (BERN) Project | 2026-11-01 |
| NCT03316053The Guthrie ClinicCell Marker Predictors in Barrett's Esophagus | 2026-12-01 |
| NCT02634645University of Colorado, DenverTREAT-BE Study (Treatment with Resection and Endoscopic Ablation Techniques for Barrett's Esophagus) | 2027-01 |
| NCT05468008AdventHealthEndoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) | 2027-02 |
Among the 209 studies in Barrett Esophagus with a site in United States, from their registry updates:
This phase II trial tests how well itraconazole works in combination with the usual standard of care endoscopy with ablation for the prevention of esophageal cancer in patients who have high-risk Barrett's esophagus (BE). BE is a condition in which the lining of the esophagus changes and becomes more like the tissue that lines the intestine. People with Barrett's esophagus have a higher risk of developing esophageal cancer. Itraconazole is a drug used to prevent or treat fungal infections. Ablation refers to the removal of abnormal tissue using heat. Endoscopy is a procedure for looking at the esophagus using a long, flexible tube called an endoscope, which has a video camera at the end. Radiofrequency ablation is a type of heat therapy that uses radiofrequency energy (similar to microwave heat) to destroy the abnormal tissue in the esophagus. Giving itraconazole in combination with standard of care endoscopy with ablation may improve the effects of ablation and prevent esophageal cancer in patients with high-risk Barrett's esophagus.
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:
I. To evaluate if itraconazole in the peri-ablation period in participants with high-risk Barrett's esophagus (BE) can accelerate BE regression i.e., achieve complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia (CEIM) faster than the control group.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To measure the time to event of complete eradication of dysplasia (CED). II. To measure the rate of BE recurrence during routine follow-up. III. To determine the safety and tolerability of itraconazole in participants with high-risk BE.
IV. To correlate levels of itraconazole and its primary metabolite hydroxyitraconazole in plasma and esophageal tissues with treatment response.
V. To compare biosocial impact on the participants in the itraconazole and control arms.
EXPLANATORY OBJECTIVE:
I. To correlate the degree of inhibition of Hedgehog (Hh), PI3K-AKT, and VEGFR2 signaling pathways with treatment response.
EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:
I. To determine whether expression (baseline and magnitude of change) of stem cell markers such as LGR5/CD44/DCAMKL1 can predict treatment response.
II. To bank blood samples and tissue biopsies for future analyses to understand the determinants of response.
OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 groups.
GROUP I: Patients receive itraconazole orally (PO) twice daily (BID) on days 1-42 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 6 weeks for up to 2 cycles as long as there is an absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo usual standard of care endoscopy and radiofrequency ablation on study. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study as well as tissue biopsy on study.
GROUP II: Patients receive placebo PO BID on days 1-42 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 6 weeks for up to 2 cycles as long as there is an absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo usual standard of care endoscopy and radiofrequency ablation on study. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study as well as tissue biopsy on study.
After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 12 months.
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Participants with history of prior esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with an established diagnosis of BE ≥ 2 cm with either low-grade dysplasia (LGD) or high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or T1a esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), naïve to treatment, and being considered for ablation.
Total ≤ 1.5 x institutional (ULN)
There are no controlled data on the effects of itraconazole on the developing human fetus at the recommended therapeutic dose. For this reason and because azoles are known to be teratogenic, women of must agree to use one or more methods of highly effective that do not contain estrogen (e.g. progestin only oral contraceptive, non-hormonal intrauterine device, bilateral tubal ligation) two months prior to study entry, for the duration of study participation and two months after completing the study drug. Women should not donate eggs or participate in in vitro fertilization for the duration of study participation, and two months after completing the study drug. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her study physician immediately. Male subjects should avoid donating sperm, and if engaged in intercourse with women of child-bearing potential use a method of highly effective contraception.
Menopause:
Exclusion Criteria:
Critical drug interactions (grades D or higher) with other medications metabolized by cytochrome P450(CYP)3A4 (if the medication cannot be discontinued or switched or dose modified); these decisions will be made on a case-by-case basis by the site investigators in consultation with the treating provider. Drug interactions can be assessed using one of the available on-line resources, for instance, UpToDate or Clinical Formulary and/or in collaboration with a clinical pharmacist.
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
A biopsy takes a small piece of tissue to examine. “Archival tissue” is a sample already taken, for example at diagnosis, and kept by the hospital.
Whether a stored sample will do depends on when it was taken, how much there is and what the study needs. Ask whether the study accepts your stored sample or needs a new biopsy.
The number of neutrophils, white blood cells that help fight infection, in a given amount of blood. Too few raises the risk of infection.
It is a count, not a percentage of the white cells. Limits are written in units that mean the same: ≥ 1.5 × 10⁹/L is ≥ 1,500 per mm³ (µL). Each lab has its own reference range.
Blood cells that help blood clot. Too few raises the risk of bleeding and bruising. A usual adult range is about 150–400 × 10⁹/L (150,000–400,000 per µL); each lab has its own reference range.
A yellow substance made when red blood cells are broken down, which the liver clears. A high level can mean a problem with the liver or the bile ducts.
Criteria often allow more for people with Gilbert’s syndrome, a harmless inherited condition that raises bilirubin.
The top of the normal range for a blood test, as set by the laboratory that runs it. Each lab prints its own range next to your result.
“≤ 2.5 × ULN” means the result can be up to two and a half times that top value.
Two enzymes measured in a routine blood test of the liver. Higher levels can mean the liver is under strain or damaged. SGPT and SGOT are older names for ALT and AST.
Criteria usually give a limit as a multiple of the upper limit of normal (ULN), often higher when cancer has spread to the liver.
The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.
Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.
Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. These are separate tests: HBsAg positive usually means a current infection (a recent vaccination can briefly cause it too); total anti-HBc (HBcAb) positive means an infection now or in the past; HBV DNA measures how much virus is in the blood.
Some studies accept a past infection if HBV DNA is undetectable, sometimes with antiviral medicine during the study. Check what this study allows.
Hepatitis C is a virus that infects the liver. An HCV antibody test can stay positive after an infection has cleared (and is occasionally positive without one); an HCV RNA test shows whether the virus is there now.
After treatment, hepatitis C counts as cured when HCV RNA is still undetectable 12 weeks or more after the treatment ended. Studies often accept people cured this way.
Able to become pregnant: from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery (removal of the womb, or of both ovaries or both fallopian tubes).
Criteria for people of childbearing potential usually ask for a negative pregnancy test and for contraception during the study and for a time after it.
Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.
Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.
Able to have children. For women this usually means from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery; for men, unless permanently sterile. Read who the line is about — participants, women, men, or their partners.
Criteria about it usually ask for contraception during the study and for a time after it.
Periods have stopped for good: usually no period for 12 months in a row without another medical reason, sometimes confirmed by a blood test (FSH).
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
The New York Heart Association’s four classes of how much heart failure limits physical activity.
Studies set their own limit — many outside heart failure leave out class III–IV, while heart failure studies may ask for a particular class. Check the class this study names.
On an ECG, the QT interval is the time the heart’s lower chambers take to activate electrically and recover in each beat. QTc is that time adjusted for heart rate (QTcF by Fridericia’s formula, QTcB by Bazett’s). Some medicines lengthen it, and a long QTc can raise the risk of a dangerous heart rhythm.
The study may name a correction formula and a limit in milliseconds, often around 450–480.
A drug or device being studied in a clinical trial.
It may be new, or already approved and being studied for another use, dose or form. Criteria often leave out people who took part in another study of one within a recent period, commonly 30 days or five half-lives.
A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.
Biopsy and archival tissue
A biopsy takes a small piece of tissue to examine. “Archival tissue” is a sample already taken, for example at diagnosis, and kept by the hospital.
Whether a stored sample will do depends on when it was taken, how much there is and what the study needs. Ask whether the study accepts your stored sample or needs a new biopsy.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Absolute neutrophil count (ANC)
The number of neutrophils, white blood cells that help fight infection, in a given amount of blood. Too few raises the risk of infection.
It is a count, not a percentage of the white cells. Limits are written in units that mean the same: ≥ 1.5 × 10⁹/L is ≥ 1,500 per mm³ (µL). Each lab has its own reference range.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Platelets
Blood cells that help blood clot. Too few raises the risk of bleeding and bruising. A usual adult range is about 150–400 × 10⁹/L (150,000–400,000 per µL); each lab has its own reference range.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Bilirubin
A yellow substance made when red blood cells are broken down, which the liver clears. A high level can mean a problem with the liver or the bile ducts.
Criteria often allow more for people with Gilbert’s syndrome, a harmless inherited condition that raises bilirubin.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
ULN (upper limit of normal)
The top of the normal range for a blood test, as set by the laboratory that runs it. Each lab prints its own range next to your result.
“≤ 2.5 × ULN” means the result can be up to two and a half times that top value.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
ALT and AST (liver enzymes)
Two enzymes measured in a routine blood test of the liver. Higher levels can mean the liver is under strain or damaged. SGPT and SGOT are older names for ALT and AST.
Criteria usually give a limit as a multiple of the upper limit of normal (ULN), often higher when cancer has spread to the liver.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.
Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Hepatitis B tests
Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. These are separate tests: HBsAg positive usually means a current infection (a recent vaccination can briefly cause it too); total anti-HBc (HBcAb) positive means an infection now or in the past; HBV DNA measures how much virus is in the blood.
Some studies accept a past infection if HBV DNA is undetectable, sometimes with antiviral medicine during the study. Check what this study allows.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Hepatitis C tests
Hepatitis C is a virus that infects the liver. An HCV antibody test can stay positive after an infection has cleared (and is occasionally positive without one); an HCV RNA test shows whether the virus is there now.
After treatment, hepatitis C counts as cured when HCV RNA is still undetectable 12 weeks or more after the treatment ended. Studies often accept people cured this way.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Childbearing potential
Able to become pregnant: from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery (removal of the womb, or of both ovaries or both fallopian tubes).
Criteria for people of childbearing potential usually ask for a negative pregnancy test and for contraception during the study and for a time after it.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Contraception
Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.
Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Reproductive potential
Able to have children. For women this usually means from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery; for men, unless permanently sterile. Read who the line is about — participants, women, men, or their partners.
Criteria about it usually ask for contraception during the study and for a time after it.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Postmenopausal
Periods have stopped for good: usually no period for 12 months in a row without another medical reason, sometimes confirmed by a blood test (FSH).
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
NYHA class (heart failure)
The New York Heart Association’s four classes of how much heart failure limits physical activity.
Studies set their own limit — many outside heart failure leave out class III–IV, while heart failure studies may ask for a particular class. Check the class this study names.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
QT and QTc
On an ECG, the QT interval is the time the heart’s lower chambers take to activate electrically and recover in each beat. QTc is that time adjusted for heart rate (QTcF by Fridericia’s formula, QTcB by Bazett’s). Some medicines lengthen it, and a long QTc can raise the risk of a dangerous heart rhythm.
The study may name a correction formula and a limit in milliseconds, often around 450–480.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Investigational drug or device
A drug or device being studied in a clinical trial.
It may be new, or already approved and being studied for another use, dose or form. Criteria often leave out people who took part in another study of one within a recent period, commonly 30 days or five half-lives.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Contraindication
A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Patients receive itraconazole PO twice daily (BID) on days 1-42 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 6 weeks for up to 2 cycles as long as there is an absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo usual standard of care endoscopy and radiofrequency ablation on study. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study as well as tissue biopsy on study.
Procedure: Biopsy Procedure · Procedure: Biospecimen Collection · Procedure: Endoscopic Procedure · Drug: Itraconazole · Other: Questionnaire Administration · Procedure: Radiofrequency Ablation
Patients receive placebo PO BID on days 1-42 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 6 weeks for up to 2 cycles as long as there is an absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo usual standard of care endoscopy and radiofrequency ablation on study. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study as well as tissue biopsy on study.
Procedure: Biopsy Procedure · Procedure: Biospecimen Collection · Procedure: Endoscopic Procedure · Drug: Placebo Administration · Other: Questionnaire Administration · Procedure: Radiofrequency Ablation
Undergo tissue biopsy
Also known as: Biopsy, BIOPSY_TYPE, Bx
Undergo blood sample collection
Also known as: Biological Sample Collection, Biospecimen Collected, Sample Collection, Specimen Collection
Undergo endoscopy
Also known as: Endoscopic Examination, Endoscopy, ES
Given PO
Also known as: Lozanoc, Oriconazole, R 51,211, Sporanox
Given PO
Ancillary studies
Undergo radiofrequency ablation
Also known as: Ablation, Radiofrequency, Radiofrequency Interstitial Ablation, RFA
Time to complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia (CEIM) in days
CEIM will be defined based on the absence of visible Barrett's esophagus (BE) and invisible BE (i.e., no intestinal metaplasia \[IM\] in biopsies of the gastroesophageal junction and the cardia). Will be reported descriptively. Will compare the unadjusted hazard rates between the itraconazole and control groups using log rank test.
Time frame: Between day 1, cycle 1 (1 cycle = 6 weeks) and the date of endoscopy at which the participant is deemed to reach CEIM
Time to complete eradication of dysplasia
Will be assessed by surveillance biopsies at the time of the endoscopy that documents CEIM and the biopsies at the time of first surveillance endoscopy will be evaluated for dysplasia.
Time frame: Between day 1, cycle 1 (1 cycle = 6 weeks) and the date of endoscopy at which surveillance biopsies do not show dysplasia
Rate of BE recurrence over follow-up
Will be assessed between the study treatment group and the control group. BE recurrence will be defined as histologic presence of IM (with or without dysplasia) in biopsies from the tubular esophagus or in biopsies at the gastroesophageal junction. The results from the standard of care endoscopy closest to the 12-month time point after CEIM will be used to collect information for this endpoint.
Time frame: At 12 months after CEIM
Incidence of adverse events
Will be assessed by National Cancer Institutes Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0 criteria to document adverse events and measure specific laboratory parameters to monitor for the safety and tolerability of itraconazole and assessed by descriptive statistics.
Time frame: Up to 30 days after the end of intervention
Correlate levels of itraconazole and its primary metabolite hydroxyitraconazole
Will be assessed in plasma and esophageal tissues with treatment response. Will measure these metabolites after two weeks of itraconazole therapy by obtaining biopsies of the esophagus. These measurements will be correlated with biomarker and clinical response to understand how tissue levels of the drug change the molecular and primary endpoints. Will also measure the blood levels to test the feasibility of blood levels for prediction of clinical response in the future.
Time frame: After two weeks of itraconazole
Biosocial impact
Will be assessed by questionnaires to collect information about the biosocial endpoints. These will include cancer-specific distress questionnaire, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, Health-Related Quality of life short form 12 version 2, and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System anxiety and depression scores as previously used at the beginning and at the end of the study. The summary measures such as mean or median of these distress scores will be compared between arms using t-test (or Wilcoxon rank test in case of non normality). Linear regression models will be used for studying the differences in the average distress scores between arms adjusted for age, sex and prior history of anxiety or depression.
Time frame: At baseline and at the end of the study
Correlation of the degree of inhibition of Hh, PI3K-AKT, and VEGFR2 signaling pathways with treatment response
Measures will be assessed in biopsies of the gastroesophageal junction as well as in biopsy of BE after two weeks of study drug administration by histological techniques.
Time frame: After two weeks of study drug administration
Expression of cancer stem cell markers such as LGR5/CD44/DCAMKL1
Measures will be assessed in biopsies of the gastroesophageal junction as well as biopsies of BE after two weeks of study drug administration by histological techniques.
Time frame: After two weeks of itraconazole
Plan to share: Yes — NCI is committed to sharing data in accordance with NIH policy. For more details on how clinical trial data is shared, access the link to the NIH data sharing policy page.
Data sharing details ↗ · grants.nih.gov
No publications or documents are linked to this record.
Started Jun 2026 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Aug 2030, 49 months after the start.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
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Studies of the drug tested here: Itraconazole
National Cancer Institute (NCI) →