An observational study in Trauma, Multiple, sponsored by Al-Nahrain University. Completed at 1 site in Iraq. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-03-06.
Sponsored by Al-Nahrain University · Observational
The goal of this prospective observational study is to evaluate the predictive utility of the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) in determining patient outcomes, including survival and mortality, among trauma patients admitted to the trauma and emergency department of Kadhimiya Educational Hospital, Iraq.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
How accurately does TRISS predict survival and mortality outcomes in trauma patients? What is the performance of TRISS in predicting secondary outcomes, such as the need for intensive care, surgical interventions, and length of hospital stay?
Participants will:
Be assessed using the TRISS score upon their admission to the emergency department.
Have their clinical outcomes, including survival, need for intensive care, surgery, and hospital stay, monitored throughout their hospitalization.
Trauma is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity around the world. Approximately 10% of the burden of disease in adults is due to traumatic injuries. Trauma can lead to serious consequences, including disabilities, psychosocial burdens, and increased mortality among the actively working population. Cardiopulmonary arrest, unplanned admissions to intensive care units, and nosocomial infections are some complications faced by trauma patients admitted to trauma centers. The estimated mortality rate for hospitalized trauma patients is 11%. The in-hospital mortality rate for trauma patients who undergo cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is 92.7%. Trauma-related mortality and morbidity depend on injury severity, diagnostic delays, and the time taken to reach a medical facility.Timely evaluation, effective post-trauma care, and appropriate triage can significantly reduce long-term mortality and morbidity among trauma patients, with rapid assessment of trauma severity being crucial for the primary triage of multiple trauma patients.
Trauma scoring systems are valuable tools for quickly assessing the severity of injuries and predicting patient outcomes. By utilizing these scoring systems, healthcare providers can enhance the organization of trauma patient triage, optimize resource allocation, and conduct immediate evaluations of potential complications. Several scoring systems have been developed to assess trauma cases. These trauma scores are classified into three categories: anatomical (such as the Abbreviated Injury Scale and Injury Severity Score), physiological (like the Revised Trauma Score), and combined (such as the Trauma and Injury Severity Score). Physiological scores can be determined during the initial clinical assessment of the patient, while anatomical scoring can be performed later after the patient has been stabilized. This makes it easier to stratify trauma patients effectively. On the other hand, combined scores that include both anatomical and physiological criteria are more useful for patient prognosis. One such combined score is the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS), which was designed by the Major Trauma Outcome Study (MTOS) in the United States to predict the outcome in polytrauma patients and includes the Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Revised Trauma Score (RTS).
Trauma is thus now a significant health challenge in Iraq. Through the long fight in Iraq, more and more people are experiencing violence-related injuries, such as from firearms and attacks. The work also demonstrates that violence is one of the primary determinants of public health because it leads to complications with injuries and the psychological development of the survivors in the course of their lives. The Iraqi healthcare system has documented a significant rise in RTAs (road traffic accidents), particularly since the escalation of conflict around 2013. Trauma care system is not well established, and few protocols are followed clinically, and no scientific method is well established to predict the outcome in trauma patients in Iraq. This is made worse by scarce resources, inadequate staffing and educational preparedness of medical personnel, and the overall lack of formalized trauma registry databases that could well monitor patient results. In the Iraqi context, only a few studies have demonstrated the use of different trauma scores to predict outcomes in patients with trauma.
There is a significant research gap regarding the use of trauma scoring systems, especially TRISS, in Iraq. Most studies focus on descriptive outcomes rather than evaluating global trauma scores in the unique Iraqi context. Resource limitations, inconsistent pre-hospital care, and conflict-related injuries complicate the application of these systems. The lack of standardized trauma registries and data collection further limits the ability to improve trauma care and emergency services in Iraq.
139 studies on the registry are indexed under Multiple Trauma; 32 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 204 is close to the median of 200 across 84 observational studies indexed under Multiple Trauma.
Browse Multiple Trauma studies →Al-Nahrain University is the lead sponsor of 26 studies on the registry; 20 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
The study population will consist of trauma patients presenting to the Emergency Department of Al-Kadhmia Teaching Hospital during the study period. These patients represent a diverse demographic and clinical profile, encompassing individuals with varying injury mechanisms, severities, and outcomes.
The study specifically targets patients for whom trauma scoring systems, including the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS), can be applied reliably. This includes both blunt and penetrating trauma cases.
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Accuracy Assessment of TRISS in Predicting In-Hospital Mortality
This outcome evaluates the ability of the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS), which generates a probability of survival ranging from 0% to 100%, to predict in-hospital mortality among trauma patients. Lower TRISS survival probabilities are expected to correlate with increased observed mortality.
Time frame: From admission to hospital discharge or death, up to 30 days.
Accuracy Assessment of TRISS in Predicting the Need for Intervention
This outcome examines the predictive value of TRISS (range: 0-100% survival probability) in determining the likelihood of trauma patients requiring major interventions (such as surgical procedures, blood transfusion, or invasive monitoring). Lower TRISS survival probabilities are expected to correlate with increased intervention requirements.
Time frame: From admission to hospital discharge or death, up to 30 days.
Accuracy Assessment of TRISS in Predicting the Need for Endotracheal Intubation
This outcome assesses the predictive performance of TRISS (range: 0-100% survival probability) in identifying trauma patients requiring endotracheal intubation during hospitalization. Lower TRISS survival probabilities are expected to be associated with an increased likelihood of intubation.
Time frame: From emergency department admission to intubation, discharge, or in-hospital death, up to 30 days.
Accuracy Assessment of TRISS in Predicting Length of Hospitalization
This outcome evaluates the ability of TRISS (range: 0-100% survival probability) to predict hospitalization duration. Patients with higher TRISS survival probabilities are expected to have shorter hospital stays, while those with lower probabilities are more likely to require prolonged hospitalization.
Time frame: From hospital admission to discharge, up to 30 days.
Plan to share: No
This study is completed, as verified in Mar 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Al-Nahrain University