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RecruitingNCT06729021DVTUpdated Sep 17, 2026

Predictive Value of Modified Caprini Score and D-Dimer in Managing Lower Limb Venous Thrombosis in Cardiothoracic Patients

An observational study in DVT - Deep Vein Thrombosis, sponsored by Al-Nahrain University. Recruiting at 1 site in Iraq. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-17.

Sponsored by Al-Nahrain University · Observational

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Jan 2025; still recruiting 1 year 9 months later.
Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
112
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
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Study summary

The goal of this observational study is to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the Modified Caprini Risk Assessment Score and D-Dimer in identifying and managing lower extremity venous thrombosis (LEVT) among cardiothoracic surgery patients in Baghdad. The main questions it aims to answer are:

Does combining the Modified Caprini Score with D-Dimer improve the accuracy of predicting lower extremity venous thrombosis (LEVT) compared to using each tool independently? Can these tools effectively guide clinical decisions for lower extremity venous thrombosis (LEVT) prevention and management in this patient population?

Participants will:

Undergo risk assessment for lower extremity venous thrombosis (LEVT) using the Modified Caprini Score and have their D-Dimer levels measured during their hospital stay.

Be monitored for clinical outcomes, including confirmed lower extremity venous thrombosis (LEVT) incidence, need for anticoagulation therapy, and complications such as pulmonary embolism or recurrent thrombosis.

Read the detailed description

Research indicates that the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) among surgical patients is notably higher than in the general population. In a review of 10,638 cardiac surgical patients, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was found to be 0.7% due to multiple factors, including prolonged immobility, the hypercoagulable state induced by surgical interventions, and vascular trauma associated with cardiothoracic procedures. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery may have longer hospital stays, which correlates with increased risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). For instance, studies indicate that the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients post-cardiac surgery can be as high as 1.62%. Certain surgeries, such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and valve surgeries, have shown a higher incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) compared to other surgical procedures. For example, one study found that 1.62% of patients developed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after cardiac surgery. Procedures like thoracotomy or pneumonectomy are associated with even higher risks due to the extensive surgical trauma involved. Research has indicated that patients undergoing such surgeries may experience DVT rates as high as 34.1%.

Lower extremity venous thrombosis (LEVT) is a significant clinical concern that encompasses deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) and poses a considerable risk postoperatively. The risk of PE is especially pronounced during the first six weeks post-surgery, with studies indicating that patients are up to 70 times more likely to experience VTE during this period compared to those who have not undergone surgery The risk remains elevated beyond six weeks, albeit at a reduced level. For instance, the odds ratio for PE between weeks 7 and 12 post-surgery can be as high as 4.23 for certain surgical types. This condition represents a continuum of pathology that can lead to severe outcomes, including sudden death from PE, This is considered one of the more serious postoperative complications. Early identification and the timely use of preventive measures can prevent PE and other fatal complications.

The extensive research currently conducted on the risk factors for postoperative VTE has yielded several risk assessment models. The Caprini score is widely used across various surgical specialties to identify patients at high risk of developing VTE. Among these, the modified Caprini score is the most commonly used tool in the thoracic surgery department. D-dimer is a biomarker of fibrin formation and degradation and acts a marker of coagulation and fibrinolysis system activation. As an indirect marker of thrombosis activity, D-dimer is of great significance for checking the formation of acute venous thrombosis. Although D-dimer has high negative predictive value for DVT, it has low positive predictive value and low specificity for thrombosis The Caprini score has been validated across numerous specialties in Iraq, confirming its reliability as a predictive tool for VTE. Many hospitals in Iraq lack modern medical equipment and resources that are essential for diagnosing and treating VTE effectively. This deficiency contributes to a reliance on outdated practices and guidelines, which may not align with current best practices in VTE management The slow adoption of new technologies impedes the ability to perform accurate risk assessments and implement evidence-based protocols for VTE prophylaxis. For instance, studies indicate that healthcare providers often depend on clinical experience rather than established guidelines due to a lack of access to updated resources The aim of this study is to bridge these gaps by investigating the efficacy of using a combined approach involving the modified Caprini risk assessment score and D-dimer testing values in patients with lower extremity venous thrombosis following cardiothoracic surgery We hypothesized that the combination of these two indicators may provide better predictive value. These findings may provide the basis for the follow-up prediction and timely intervention of high-risk groups of post-surgery patients, potentially leading to better patient outcomes. This combination approach has been explored in several international studies, but its application within Iraq, specifically in Baghdad, has yet to be thoroughly examined in cardiothoracic patients.

02

Conditions studied

  • DVT - Deep Vein Thrombosis

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Keywords

  • Caprini Score
  • D-Dimer
  • DVT
03

In context

Venous Thrombosis

785 studies on the registry are indexed under Venous Thrombosis; 110 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 112 is below the median of 301 across 274 observational studies indexed under Venous Thrombosis.

Browse Venous Thrombosis studies →

Lead sponsor

Al-Nahrain University is the lead sponsor of 26 studies on the registry; 20 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

The study will include adult patients (≥18 years old) undergoing cardiothoracic surgery at Kadhimiya Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, with a focus on those at risk for lower extremity venous thrombosis (LEVT).

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Inpatients with a hospital stay over 3 days
  • Written obtained from patients or their legal guardians.
  • Availability for postoperative follow-up to assess outcomes like LEVT development or related complications.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Preexisting LEVT or Pulmonary Embolism: Diagnosed before the index surgery.
  • Severe Coagulopathy: Patients with inherited or acquired bleeding disorders (e.g., hemophilia, advanced liver disease).
  • receiving any anticoagulation therapy for any reason.
  • patients who did not undergo a postoperative D-dimer test.
  • Incomplete Data: missing essential clinical or laboratory data for Modified Caprini Score calculation or D-Dimer measurement.
  • Pregnancy: pregnant women or those within six weeks postpartum.
  • Noncompliance: Patients unwilling or unable to adhere to study follow-up protocols.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

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Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
112 participants (estimated)
Patient registry
No

Interventions

  • DeviceGCS

    Graduated compression stockings may be used after procedure by the decision of the doctor

  • DrugLMWH

    Low-molecular-weight heparin may be used after procedure by the decision of the doctor

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. any episode of VTE (Venous Thromboembolism)

    symptomatic or asymptomatic, confirmed by instrumental diagnostics.

    Time frame: In-Hospital Phase (average of 7 days through discharge); Post-Discharge Follow-Up: Day 7, Day 15, and Day 30

  2. Caprini risk assessment model scores

    rini risk assessment model scores were used to stratify patients into three groups: low risk (0-4 points), intermediate risk (5-8 points), and high risk (≥9 points)

    Time frame: Day 1 preoperative (one day prior to surgery)

  3. Concentration of D-dimer in Blood Samples

    The upper normal value 0.55mg/L FEU was used.

    Time frame: Day 1 postoperative (the first day after surgery)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Number of Participants with Symptomatic Pulmonary Embolism

    symptomatic pulmonary embolism confirmed by perfusion isotope scanning or CT pulmonary angiography.

    Time frame: In-Hospital Phase (average of 7 days through discharge); Post-Discharge Follow-Up: Day 7, Day 15, and Day 30

  2. Recurrent Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

    A new episode of deep vein thrombosis occurs after the initial diagnosis with clinical symptoms (such as leg pain, swelling, redness, or tenderness) and is confirmed through instrumental diagnostics (e.g., ultrasound, CT venography, MRI).

    Time frame: Post-Discharge Follow-Up: Day 7, Day 15, and Day 30

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • College of Medicine - Al-Nahrain University
    Baghdad, Iraq
    Recruiting
    • Abdul-Ilah R. Khamis · Contactallaabed987@ced.nahrainuniv.edu.iq · +9647838571013
    • Luma K Mohammed, MBChB,FIBMS/CM · Contactlumakmohammed@nahrainuniv.edu.iq · +964770225676
    • Abdul-Ilah R. Khamis · Principal investigator
    • Zahraa Bassam Alkhalidy, Student · Sub investigator
    • Mahmoud M Morsy, MD · Sub investigator
    • Sarah H. Al-Dlo, Student · Sub investigator
    • Nino Dekanoidze MD · Sub investigator
    • Mustafa Mohammed Ahmed, Student · Sub investigator
    • Zaid Salwan Akram, Student · Sub investigator
    • Saja J. Abotaleb, M.B.CH.B · Sub investigator
    • Nada Ali Omar, MBBS · Sub investigator
    • Salaheddin M. Abdulhamid, MBBS · Sub investigator
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Mikhael, E.M., et al., Effectiveness of Pharmacist-Led Nurse Education on Enoxaparin Injection Technique in Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Iraq. Al-Rafidain J Med Sci, 2024. 6(1): p. 202207.
  • Kareem, G.N. and S.K. Alalaf, Risk assessment and compliance with hospital guidelines for venous thromboprophylaxis after gynecological surgeries. Zanco J Med Sci, 2022. 26(2): p. 108-117.
  • Weitz JI, Fredenburgh JC, Eikelboom JW. A Test in Context: D-Dimer. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017 Nov 7;70(19):2411-2420. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.09.024. PubMed 29096812 ↗
  • Caprini JA. Thrombosis risk assessment as a guide to quality patient care. Dis Mon. 2005 Feb-Mar;51(2-3):70-8. doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2005.02.003. No abstract available. PubMed 15900257 ↗
  • Khan F, Tritschler T, Kahn SR, Rodger MA. Venous thromboembolism. Lancet. 2021 Jul 3;398(10294):64-77. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32658-1. Epub 2021 May 10. PubMed 33984268 ↗
  • Almurshedi, I.M.K., A.M. Kamil, and A.A. Noaman, Evaluation of Risk Factors of Venous Thromboembolism in Imam Sadiq Teaching Hospital at Babylon City. Journal of Techniques, 2022. 4(Special Issue): p. 58-63.
  • Suker SEJ, Al-Meen AAH, Khawwam AA. Assessment of knowledge and practice of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis after cesarean section among gynecologists and obstetricians in Al-Najaf hospitals. J Med Life. 2021 Sep-Oct;14(5):690-694. doi: 10.25122/jml-2021-0226. PubMed 35027972 ↗
  • Alhilali, D.N., A. Tukmagi, and H.M. Abass, Venous thromboembolism risk and prophylaxis in hospitalized patients in Iraq. J Pharm Biomed Sci, 2016. 6: p. 2016
  • Stender MT, Frokjaer JB, Hagedorn Nielsen TS, Larsen TB, Lundbye-Christensen S, Elbrond H, Thorlacius-Ussing O. Combined use of clinical pre-test probability and D-dimer test in the diagnosis of preoperative deep venous thrombosis in colorectal cancer patients. Thromb Haemost. 2008 Feb;99(2):396-400. doi: 10.1160/TH07-06-0397. PubMed 18278191 ↗
  • Abolfotouh MA, Almadani K, Al Rowaily MA. Diagnostic Accuracy of D-Dimer Testing and the Revised Geneva Score in the Prediction of Pulmonary Embolism. Int J Gen Med. 2020 Dec 15;13:1537-1543. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S289289. eCollection 2020. PubMed 33363402 ↗
  • Ke L, Cui S, Yang M, Chen J, Xu S, Jiang G, Zhang Y, Chen S, Zheng E, Zhao H, Fan X, Li Y, Zhi X, Hu B, Li H; China Embolism-Thrombosis After Surgery of Thorax (ChEST) Study Group. Validation of a modified Caprini risk assessment model in lung cancer patients undergoing surgery: Results of a multicenter cross-sectional observational study. J Surg Oncol. 2022 Apr;125(5):933-942. doi: 10.1002/jso.26794. Epub 2022 Jan 18. PubMed 35041203 ↗
  • Caron A, Depas N, Chazard E, Yelnik C, Jeanpierre E, Paris C, Beuscart JB, Ficheur G. Risk of Pulmonary Embolism More Than 6 Weeks After Surgery Among Cancer-Free Middle-aged Patients. JAMA Surg. 2019 Dec 1;154(12):1126-1132. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2019.3742. PubMed 31596449 ↗
  • Sweetland S, Green J, Liu B, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Canonico M, Reeves G, Beral V; Million Women Study collaborators. Duration and magnitude of the postoperative risk of venous thromboembolism in middle aged women: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2009 Dec 3;339:b4583. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b4583. PubMed 19959589 ↗
  • Fei W, Jian Z, Zhi G, Rong W, Jianxin L, Yongquan G, Weiping W. Analysis of risk factors for venous thromboembolism in patients after thoracic surgery: A clinical study of 167 cases. Turk Gogus Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Derg. 2018 Jan 9;26(1):93-98. doi: 10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2018.14980. eCollection 2018 Jan. PubMed 32082717 ↗
  • Khoury H, Lyons R, Sanaiha Y, Rudasill S, Shemin RJ, Benharash P. Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in Cardiac Surgical Patients. Ann Thorac Surg. 2020 Jun;109(6):1804-1810. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.09.055. Epub 2019 Nov 7. PubMed 31706868 ↗
  • DeLaria GA, Hunter JA. Deep venous thrombosis. Implications after open heart surgery. Chest. 1991 Feb;99(2):284-8. doi: 10.1378/chest.99.2.284. PubMed 1989784 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 17, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06729021
Lead sponsor
Al-Nahrain University
Responsible party
Abdulillah R. Khamees (Principal Investigator, Al-Nahrain University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Dec 11, 2024
Start date
Jan 20, 2025
Primary completion
Jul 20, 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Jul 30, 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Sep 17, 2026

Study contacts

Abdul-Ilah R. Khamis
Contact
allaabed987@ced.nahrainuniv.edu.iq
+9647838571013
Luma K Mohammed, MBChB,FIBMS/CM
Contact
lumakmohammed@nahrainuniv.edu.iq
+964770225676
Yaser aamer Eisa Alhaibi, Assistant professor
study director · College Of Medicine - Nahrain University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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