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RecruitingNCT06624176Updated Jun 4, 2026

ShotBlocker During Intramuscular Injection Randomized Control Trial

An interventional study of Bionix ShotBlocker and Swaddling in Neonatal Pain, sponsored by Lauren Fortier. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 37 Weeks to 42 Weeks, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-06-04.

Sponsored by Lauren Fortier · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
200
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
37 Weeks to 42 Weeks
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The objective of this trial is to evaluate the effect of Bionix ShotBlocker on pain of injection of the first Hepatitis B vaccine in healthy newborns. ShotBlocker is a pain reducing tool used in babies, children, and adults for injections. Swaddling during the injection and administration of oral sucrose prior to the injection are established standards of care for painful procedures in neonates. The investigators hypothesize that the use of ShotBlocker in addition to swaddling and oral sucrose administration will lessen the pain response.

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Conditions studied

  • Neonatal Pain

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Keywords

  • ShotBlocker
  • Neonatal Pain
  • Needlestick
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
37 Weeks to 42 Weeks
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  • Infants born at UMass Memorial Medical Center (UMMMC) via vaginal delivery or cesarean delivery and under the care of the nursery team
  • Term infants (37 to 42 weeks gestational age)
  • No acute illness that causes pain
  • Apgar score above 7 at 5 minutes
  • Have successfully attempted at least one oral feeding
  • No circumcision in the last 6 hours
  • Parental consent for Hepatitis B vaccine

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Swallow dysfunction
  • Congenital or genetic abnormalities
  • Infants who were exposed to sedatives within the last 12 hours
  • Infants with skin on thigh, hand, or foot that is not intact
  • Diagnosis of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)
  • Infants who are simultaneously receiving Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin or Nirsevimab (RSV vaccine)
  • Department of Children and Families (DCF) custody
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Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
200 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    ShotBlocker Administration

    The treatment group will employ the medical device of interest, ShotBlocker, bundled with the standard-of-care comfort measures of swaddling and sucrose during the administration of the Hepatitis B Immunization. A Masimo Rad-97 Oximeter probe will be applied to record a baseline and intervention physiologic response. There will be an Opt-In Video Recording option to assign a pain score (PIPP Scale) during the procedure by a blinded medical professional.

    Device: Bionix ShotBlocker · Other: Swaddling · Other: Sucrose administration · Other: Masimo Rad-97 Oximeter probe

  • Active comparator
    Standard of Care Comfort Tools

    The control group will employ the standard-of-care comfort measures of swaddling and sucrose during the administration of the Hepatitis B Immunization. A Masimo Rad-97 Oximeter probe will be applied to record a baseline and intervention physiologic response. There will be an Opt-In Video Recording option to assign a pain score (PIPP Scale) during the procedure by a blinded medical professional.

    Other: Swaddling · Other: Sucrose administration · Other: Masimo Rad-97 Oximeter probe

Interventions

  • DeviceBionix ShotBlocker

    This is a hospital-approved device used as standard-of-care in older children and adults to reduce pain during painful procedures. It is not considered established standard-of-care in the infant cohort.

  • OtherSwaddling

    Standard of care swaddling

  • OtherSucrose administration

    Standard of care sucrose administration

  • OtherMasimo Rad-97 Oximeter probe

    Oximeter probe

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Difference in the heart rate before, during, and after Hepatitis B vaccine injection between the control and intervention groups.

    The primary outcome measure is the difference in the physiologic response before, during, and after the injection between the control and intervention groups as reflected as heart rate. Difference in heart rate will be evaluated through the measurements of heart rate recorded by a Masimo Rad-97 Oximeter.

    Time frame: up to 4 minutes

  2. Difference in the blood oxygen saturation before, during, and after Hepatitis B vaccine injection between the control and intervention groups.

    The primary outcome measure is the difference in the physiologic response before, during, and after the injection between the control and intervention groups as reflected by blood oxygen saturation. Difference in blood oxygen saturation will be evaluated through transcutaneous measurements recorded by a Masimo Rad-97 Oximeter.

    Time frame: up to 4 minutes

Secondary outcomes

  1. Difference in pain score before, during, and after Hepatitis B vaccine injection between the control and intervention groups.

    The secondary outcome measure is the difference in the pain score using the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) before, during, and after injection between the control and intervention groups. PIPP scores range from 0 to 15 and a lower score indicates a better outcome. For example, a PIPP score of 0 indicates no pain. There will be an Opt-In Video Recording option to assign a PIPP score before, during, and after vaccine administration. Infant response will be filmed during injection and evaluated by a blinded medical professional that did not participate in study procedures to assign a PIPP score.

    Time frame: up to 3 minutes

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Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • UMass Memorial Medical Center- Memorial Campus
    Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
    • Madeline E French, BS MBE · Contact · madeline.french2@umassmed.edu · 5088870106
    • Samia Binta Rahman, MBBS MPH · Contact · samiabinta.rahman6@umassmed.edu · 6034179792
    • Lauren Fortier, CPNP MSN · Principal investigator
    • Lawrence Rhein, MD MPH · Principal investigator
    • Mark Vining, MD · Sub investigator
    Recruiting
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References and documents

Publications

  • Talebi M, Amiri SRJ, Roshan PA, Zabihi A, Zahedpasha Y, Chehrazi M. The effect of concurrent use of swaddle and sucrose on the intensity of pain during venous blood sampling in neonate: a clinical trial study. BMC Pediatr. 2022 May 10;22(1):263. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03323-0. PubMed 35538448 ↗
  • Caglar S, Buyukyilmaz F, Cosansu G, Caglayan S. Effectiveness of ShotBlocker for Immunization Pain in Full-Term Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2017 Apr/Jun;31(2):166-171. doi: 10.1097/JPN.0000000000000256. PubMed 28437308 ↗
  • Drago LA, Singh SB, Douglass-Bright A, Yiadom MY, Baumann BM. Efficacy of ShotBlocker in reducing pediatric pain associated with intramuscular injections. Am J Emerg Med. 2009 Jun;27(5):536-43. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2008.04.011. PubMed 19497458 ↗
  • Susilawati, Susilawati, Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih, Bagus Ngurah Putu Arhana and Ida Bagus Subanada. "Effectiveness of PainAway® on hepatitis B intramuscular injection in term neonates: a randomized controlled trial." Paediatrica Indonesiana 50 (2010): 214. doi:10.14238/PI50.4.2010.214-9
  • McNair C, Campbell-Yeo M, Johnston C, Taddio A. Nonpharmacologic Management of Pain During Common Needle Puncture Procedures in Infants: Current Research Evidence and Practical Considerations: An Update. Clin Perinatol. 2019 Dec;46(4):709-730. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2019.08.006. Epub 2019 Aug 26. PubMed 31653304 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06624176
Lead sponsor
Lauren Fortier
Responsible party
Lauren Fortier (Instructor, University of Massachusetts, Worcester) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Oct 2, 2024
Start date
Jan 10, 2024
Primary completion
Sep 1, 2026 (estimated)
Completion
Oct 1, 2026 (estimated)
Last update
Jun 4, 2026

Study contacts

Madeline French, BS MBE
Contact
madeline.french2@umassmed.edu
5088870106
Samia Binta Rahman, MBBS MPH
Contact
samiabinta.rahman6@umassmed.edu
6034179792
Lauren Fortier, CPNP, MSN
principal investigator · Pediatric Nurse Practitioner for the Department of Pediatrics & PICU

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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