ClinicalTrials.gg
Enrolling by invitationNCT06377085Updated Jul 3, 2025

Repurposing 5-Azacytidine for the Treatment of Muscle Contractures in Children With Cerebral Palsy

A Phase 1 interventional study of Placebo for the AZA 10mg/m^2 and Placebo for the AZA 20mg/m^2 in Cerebral Palsy and Contracture, sponsored by Shirley Ryan AbilityLab. Enrolling by invitation at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 2 Years to 18 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-07-03.

Sponsored by Shirley Ryan AbilityLab · Phase 1, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 1
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
27
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
2 Years to 18 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

In this controlled dose-escalation study, we will study the initial safety, biological properties, and potential efficacy of 5-azacytidine (AZA). Our overarching aspiration is for AZA to evolve into an approved pharmacological treatment, fostering muscle growth and enhancing body movement, ultimately contributing to an improved quality of life in children with CP.

The main questions this study aims to answer are:

  1. What is the optimal dose of AZA injection that can be used safely in children with CP?
  2. Can the optimal safe dose of AZA improve the function of muscle-generating stem cells in children with CP?

Each participant will have up to five research visits over the course of the study duration, in which they will participate in: blood draws, pregnancy test(s) (if applicable), medical assessments, and a muscle biopsy during a surgery for muscle contractures.

Researchers will compare participants with four different dosages of AZA injections to those with four different dosages of placebo injections. A placebo is a look-alike substance that contains no active drug. They will see if a single injection of AZA at a standard concentration currently approved by the FDA to treat myelodysplastic syndromes, can also safely improve muscle growth and function in children with CP.

Read the detailed description

Cerebral palsy (CP) has an enduring impact on the development of the muscles after birth. Research showed that a drug that is currently approved by the FDA to treat myelodysplastic syndromes in adults and children, can be potentially adapted ("repurposed") to support muscle growth. In a controlled dose-escalation study, we will study the preliminary safety, biological properties, and efficacy of this drug, called 5-Azacytidine (AZA). Our hope and overarching expectations are that one day AZA will become a new approved pharmacological treatment to support muscle growth and improve body movement and quality of life in children with CP.

Research participants will have five study visits.

  1. The first study visit will be a screening within 30 days of the baseline visit and will determine eligibility for the study. The participant will have their blood drawn to check for normal kidney and liver functioning, do a pregnancy test (if applicable), and then the researcher will complete a medical assessment.
  2. If the participant is eligible, they will be invited to a second study visit approximately 15 days prior to their scheduled surgery for contracture release. At this visit, the participants will get their blood drawn, do a pregnancy test (if applicable), have a medical assessment performed, and receive their injection. The injection will be a single sub-cutaneous shot in their leg, near the muscle group that will undergo surgical repair.
  3. The third visit will be at the participant's scheduled surgery. A small sample of the muscle (i.e., about the size of a pencil eraser) will be surgically removed by the researcher from a muscle group that is already exposed during the procedure. The biopsy will add approximately two to five minutes to the overall procedure time. The participant will also have their blood drawn.
  4. The participants will be seen approximately one week after their surgery to complete a medical assessment.
  5. The last visit will be about four weeks after the surgery at their post-operative appointment. At this visit, the participant will have their blood drawn and complete a medical assessment to test their range of motion following the surgery.

The amount of blood drawn at each time point will be approximately 3 mL, equating to 12 mL of blood total (less than a tablespoon). The purpose of the blood draws is to evaluate safety and biological efficacy of the study drug. The medical assessment will consist of range of motion assessment and wound check performed by the clinicians. These are the same assessments that the clinicians would typically do as part of usual care prior to and after surgery. The purpose of the medical assessment is to evaluate the efficacy of the study drug and ensure the surgical site is healing.

02

Conditions studied

  • Cerebral Palsy
  • Contracture

Keywords

  • 5-Azacytidine
  • Azacitidine
  • Contracture
  • Muscle
03

In context

Cerebral Palsy

1,936 studies on the registry are indexed under Cerebral Palsy; 458 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 27 is below the median of 34 across 1,431 interventional studies indexed under Cerebral Palsy.

Browse Cerebral Palsy studies →

Lead sponsor

Shirley Ryan AbilityLab is the lead sponsor of 180 studies on the registry; 44 are open to participants now.

Of its 10 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 4 (40%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
2 Years to 18 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  1. Diagnosis of cerebral palsy.
  2. Either achilles or hamstring spasticity with contracture necessitation surgical lengthening.
  3. Between 2 and 18 years of age
  4. Normal renal and liver function as defined by criteria.71

    a. Renal Function (Grade 0 - Normal): i. Creatinine: Within the normal range or ≤ 1.0 times the (ULN).

    ii. (GFR): No significant decrease. b. Liver Function (Grade 0 - Normal): i. (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT): Within the normal range or ≤ ULN.

    ii. Total : Within the normal range or ≤ 1.0 times ULN

  5. A negative pregnancy test for females of *.
  6. Females of childbearing potential must agree to use consistently from screening to 6 months after their injection. Highly effective methods of contraception are required for females of childbearing potential:

    1. Total abstinence from sexual intercourse.
    2. Intrauterine device (IUD) or intrauterine hormone-releasing system (IUS).
    3. Combined (estrogen and progestogen containing) hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation, which may be oral, intravaginal, or transdermal used in accordance with medical direction.
    4. Progestogen-only hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation, which may be oral, injected, or implanted, and used in accordance with medical direction.
  7. Males of childbearing potential** must agree to use contraception consistently from screening until 3 months after the injection. Acceptable methods of contraception for males of childbearing potential are:

    1. Total abstinence from sexual intercourse.
    2. Condom with spermicide (cream, spray, foam, gel, suppository, or polymer film).

      • Female of childbearing potential is defined as a female capable of becoming pregnant, which includes patients who have had their first menstrual cycle (menarche).

        • Male of childbearing potential is defined as a subject who has reached spermarche.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Active infection.
  2. Cardiac disease.
  3. Allergy to AZA or mannitol.
  4. Patient or family who is non-compliant.
  5. Received chemotherapy in the preceding three months.
  6. Evidence of a hematologic precondition or other .
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(8)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

CTCAE grade

The US National Cancer Institute’s scale of how severe an adverse event is — any unwanted medical event during a study, such as a symptom, an illness or an abnormal test result, whether or not a treatment caused it. Whether it did is judged separately.

1
Mild.
2
Moderate.
3
Severe.
4
Life-threatening.
5
Death due to the event.

“Side effects of earlier treatment resolved to grade 1 or less” means they have settled to mild or gone.

ULN (upper limit of normal)

The top of the normal range for a blood test, as set by the laboratory that runs it. Each lab prints its own range next to your result.

“≤ 2.5 × ULN” means the result can be up to two and a half times that top value.

GFR and eGFR (kidney filtering)

GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is how much blood the kidneys filter each minute. It is usually estimated from a blood test — eGFR, by formulas such as CKD-EPI or MDRD — and some studies ask for it to be measured directly instead. Usually given in mL/min/1.73 m².

Check the method, the units and the minimum the study states. A value of 90 or above is in the normal-or-high range, but kidney damage can show in other tests too.

ALT and AST (liver enzymes)

Two enzymes measured in a routine blood test of the liver. Higher levels can mean the liver is under strain or damaged. SGPT and SGOT are older names for ALT and AST.

Criteria usually give a limit as a multiple of the upper limit of normal (ULN), often higher when cancer has spread to the liver.

Bilirubin

A yellow substance made when red blood cells are broken down, which the liver clears. A high level can mean a problem with the liver or the bile ducts.

Criteria often allow more for people with Gilbert’s syndrome, a harmless inherited condition that raises bilirubin.

Childbearing potential

Able to become pregnant: from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery (removal of the womb, or of both ovaries or both fallopian tubes).

Criteria for people of childbearing potential usually ask for a negative pregnancy test and for contraception during the study and for a time after it.

Contraception

Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.

Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.

Cancer (malignancy)

Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.

Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 1
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Sequential assignment
Masking
Triple (Participant, Care provider, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
27 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    AZA 10mg/m^2

    5-Azacytidine, subcutaneous injection, 10mg/m\^2, one subcutaneous injection for duration of study (estimated at 46 - 76 days)

    Drug: 5-Azacytidine 10mg/m^2

  • Experimental
    AZA 20mg/m^2

    5-Azacytidine, subcutaneous injection, 20mg/m\^2, one subcutaneous injection for duration of study (estimated at 46 - 76 days)

    Drug: 5-Azacytidine 20mg/m^2

  • Experimental
    AZA 35mg/m^2

    5-Azacytidine, subcutaneous injection, 35mg/m\^2, one subcutaneous injection for duration of study (estimated at 46 - 76 days)

    Drug: 5-Azacytidine 35mg/m^2

  • Experimental
    AZA 75mg/m^2

    5-Azacytidine, subcutaneous injection, 75mg/m\^2, one subcutaneous injection for duration of study (estimated at 46 - 76 days)

    Drug: 5-Azacytidine 75mg/m^2

  • Placebo comparator
    Placebo for 10mg/m^2

    Placebo, subcutaneous injection, 10mg/m\^2, one subcutaneous injection without the active treatment for duration of study (estimated at 46 - 76 days)

    Drug: Placebo for the AZA 10mg/m^2

  • Placebo comparator
    Placebo for 20mg/m^2

    Placebo, subcutaneous injection, 20mg/m\^2, one subcutaneous injection without the active treatment for duration of study (estimated at 46 - 76 days)

    Drug: Placebo for the AZA 20mg/m^2

  • Placebo comparator
    Placebo for 35mg/m^2

    Placebo, subcutaneous injection, 35mg/m\^2, one subcutaneous injection without the active treatment for duration of study (estimated at 46 - 76 days)

    Drug: Placebo for the AZA 35mg/m^2

  • Placebo comparator
    Placebo for 75mg/m^2

    Placebo, subcutaneous injection, 75mg/m\^2, one subcutaneous injection without the active treatment for duration of study (estimated at 46 - 76 days)

    Drug: Placebo for the AZA 75mg/m^2

Interventions

  • DrugPlacebo for the AZA 10mg/m^2

    Placebo control group for the 10mg/m\^2, one-time subcutaneous injection without the active treatment.

  • DrugPlacebo for the AZA 20mg/m^2

    Placebo control group for the 20mg/m\^2, one-time subcutaneous injection without the active treatment.

  • DrugPlacebo for the AZA 35mg/m^2

    Placebo control group for the 35mg/m\^2, one-time subcutaneous injection without the active treatment.

  • DrugPlacebo for the AZA 75mg/m^2

    Placebo control group for the 75mg/m\^2, one-time subcutaneous injection without the active treatment.

  • Drug5-Azacytidine 10mg/m^2

    Drug page: Azacitidine

    5-Azacytidine 10mg/m\^2, one-time subcutaneous injection

  • Drug5-Azacytidine 20mg/m^2

    Drug page: Azacitidine

    5-Azacytidine 20mg/m\^2, one-time subcutaneous injection

  • Drug5-Azacytidine 35mg/m^2

    Drug page: Azacitidine

    5-Azacytidine 35mg/m\^2, one-time subcutaneous injection

  • Drug5-Azacytidine 75mg/m^2

    Drug page: Azacitidine

    5-Azacytidine 75mg/m\^2, one-time subcutaneous injection

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT).

    The percentage of patients experiencing DLT at the predefined dose level will be calculated. This will determine the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD), which will be the highest dose level at which ≤ 33% of patients experience a DLT. DLT is defined as toxic effects, presumably related to AZA, considered unacceptable due to their severity and/or irreversibility, thereby limiting further dose escalation. Thus, the total number of toxicities and the DLT at each step of dose escalation and possible de-escalation will be reported. The scale for the primary endpoint is binary (occurrence of DLT or not). It is measured as a single endpoint, as it is focused on whether or not the predefined dose level causes DLT. The currently recommended clinical dose is 75 mg/m2. For the present study, the following AZA concentrations will be evaluated: 10 mg/m2, 20 mg/m2, 35 mg/m2 and 75 mg/m2. For each dose, 3 experimental and 3 placebo subjects will be recruited.

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Satellite Cell Fusion Index.

    Resident muscle-forming stem cells, called Satellite Cells, will be isolated from the muscle biopsy obtained from subjects and cultured in vitro. Satellite Cell Fusion Index quantifies the proportion of these stem cells that will fuse to form new muscle fibers in vitro (multinucleated structures called myotubes). It provides a measure of the efficiency of subjects' satellite cells to contribute to muscle growth, repair and regeneration.

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.

  2. DNA methylation quantification in Satellite Cells and Blood Mononucleated Cells.

    Global DNA methylation analysis will be quantified (% tot DNA in ng) using DNA from Satellite Cell cultures and Blood Mononucleated Cells (isolated form blood) using an ELISA-based global DNA methylation kit.

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.

  3. DNA methylation profiling in Satellite Cells.

    Following Satellite Cell isolation, expansion in culture and DNA extractions, qualitative methylation analysis procedures will be conducted using an Infinium Human MethylationEPIC Beadchip array (Illumina Inc., CA), which targets over 850,000 DNA methylation sites at the dinucleotide (CpG) level throughout the entire genome.

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.

Other outcomes

  1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq)

    ChIP-seq will facilitate the genome-wide profiling of changes in chromatin structure and transcription factor binding events in response to AZA treatment and muscle contracture development. This technique is particularly as it can identify alterations in DNA methylation patterns and histone modifications associated with Satellite Cell dysfunction and impaired muscle regeneration. Furthermore, ATAC-seq will offer a complementary approach to ChIP-seq by providing information on chromatin accessibility, which reflects regulatory elements such as enhancers and promoters involved in gene expression control.

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.

07

Study locations

1 site
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Start is estimated for Jul 2025; primary completion for Dec 2026, 17 months later.

Of 22 phase 1 interventional studies under Cerebral Palsy, half reached primary completion within 30 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 13 and three quarters within 45. This study's planned 17 months is below that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Mar 5, 2024
First posted
Apr 22, 2024
StartEst.
Jul 2025
Primary completionEst.
Dec 2026
CompletionEst.
Jul 2027
Last update
Jul 3, 2025
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jul 3, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06377085
Collaborators
Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego
Responsible party
Andrea Domenighetti (Principal Investigator, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab) — Principal investigator
First posted
Apr 22, 2024
Start date
Jul 2025 (estimated)
Primary completion
Dec 2026 (estimated)
Completion
Jul 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Jul 3, 2025

Study contacts

Andrea Domenighetti, PhD
principal investigator · Shirley Ryan AbilityLab
Patrick Curran, MD
principal investigator · Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego
Richard L. Lieber, PhD
principal investigator · Shirley Ryan AbilityLab

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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Studies of the drug tested here: Azacitidine

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