ClinicalTrials.gg
Not yet recruitingNCT07842328REACTUpdated Nov 6, 2026

Feasibility of a Robot-Guided Active Play Intervention for Children With Cerebral Palsy

An interventional study of Humanoid Robot-Guided Active Play Intervention in Cerebral Palsy, sponsored by University of British Columbia. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in Canada. Open to participants aged 6 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-11-06.

Sponsored by University of British Columbia · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other

Updated Nov 6, 2026Start date movedNewly registeredGo to Updates ↓
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
40
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
6 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Cerebral palsy can make it difficult for children and adolescents to participate consistently in enjoyable physical activity. This study will examine whether a small humanoid robot called NAO can deliver a short, story-based active-play session that encourages movement and participation. Children and adolescents with cerebral palsy will complete one session at BC Children's Hospital. The study will assess whether the intervention is practical to deliver, acceptable to children and caregivers, and safe to use. Participants and caregivers will also provide feedback about their experience. The findings will be used to refine the intervention and plan a future larger trial.

Read the detailed description

This is a single-session, single-arm, mixed-methods feasibility and acceptability study of a humanoid social robot-delivered, movement-based narrative active-play intervention for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. The intervention is delivered by the NAO humanoid robot and is structured as a guided story in which the participant and robot move together through a sequence of physical actions. The intervention is designed around engagement and active participation rather than conventional prescriptive exercise delivery.

Participants across Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) Levels I-IV will complete an in-person session at BC Children's Hospital. The protocol includes parallel ambulatory and non-ambulatory versions that share a common narrative structure and movement library. During the session, behavioural, physiological, and movement-related information will be collected to characterize participant engagement and physical activity. Following the intervention, children or adolescents and their caregivers will complete measures related to engagement, exertion, comfort, acceptability, willingness to participate in the future, and their experience of the intervention. Semi-structured exit interviews will also be conducted.

The primary purpose of the study is to determine the feasibility and acceptability of delivering the intervention. Feasibility will be characterized using indicators including recruitment and consent, session completion, intervention fidelity, protocol deviations, adverse events, and measurement-protocol completeness. Qualitative feedback will be used to identify barriers, facilitators, and potential modifications to the intervention and study procedures.

The study is not designed or powered to evaluate intervention efficacy. Findings will instead be used to refine the intervention, study procedures, and outcome measures and to inform the design of a future definitive randomized controlled trial.

02

Conditions studied

  • Cerebral Palsy

Keywords

  • Socially Assistive Robot
  • Humanoid Robot
  • NAO Robot
  • Active Play
  • Pediatric Rehabilitation
  • Physical Activity
  • Feasibility
  • Acceptability
  • Human-Robot Interaction
  • Pediatrics
03

In context

Cerebral Palsy

1,936 studies on the registry are indexed under Cerebral Palsy; 458 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 40 is above the median of 34 across 1,431 interventional studies indexed under Cerebral Palsy.

Browse Cerebral Palsy studies →

Lead sponsor

University of British Columbia is the lead sponsor of 1,339 studies on the registry; 259 are open to participants now.

Of its 6 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 1 (17%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
6 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

Children \& adolescents -

  • Aged 6-18 years with cerebral palsy
  • Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) Level I-IV
  • Sufficient receptive English language ability to follow simple verbal instructions from NAO and respond to interview questions, with or without caregiver or communication-aid support

Parent/caregiver -

  • Aged 19 years or older
  • Sufficient receptive English language ability to participate in interview and survey questions

Additional participation requirements -

  • Able to attend an in-person study visit at BC Children's Hospital
  • Enrollment is at the dyad level: each child/adolescent must participate with a parent/caregiver, and neither may participate independently

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • GMFCS Level V
  • Uncontrolled seizure disorder or seizure within the previous 6 months
  • Severe visual or auditory impairment uncorrected by aids that would prevent interaction with NAO
  • Significant cognitive or communication impairment precluding assent and interview participation
  • Acute illness or cardiovascular condition contraindicating light-to-moderate physical activity

Additional consideration:

- Individuals will be encouraged not to participate if the child or caregiver reports a fear of robots

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
40 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    NAO-Guided Active Play Intervention

    Participants will complete one in-person, NAO-delivered, movement-based narrative active-play session. The intervention includes parallel ambulatory (GMFCS I-III) and non-ambulatory (GMFCS IV) versions, with both versions sharing a common narrative structure and movement library.

    Behavioral: Humanoid Robot-Guided Active Play Intervention

Interventions

  • BehavioralHumanoid Robot-Guided Active Play Intervention

    A humanoid social robot (NAO, SoftBank Robotics) guides the participant through a single, story-based active-play session in which physical movements are embedded within a narrative. The intervention is designed to promote engagement and active participation rather than conventional prescriptive exercise delivery. Parallel ambulatory (GMFCS I-III) and non-ambulatory (GMFCS IV) versions are used, with both sharing a common narrative structure and movement library.

    Also known as: REACT

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Recruitment Rate

    Number of child/adolescent participants enrolled relative to the prespecified recruitment target. Recruitment will be summarized descriptively. Progression will be interpreted as: target achieved = proceed; below target but recruitment achievable with an adjusted strategy or timeline = proceed with modification; below target with no feasible recruitment pathway = reconsider.

    Time frame: From recruitment initiation through completion of enrollment, anticipated up to 15 months

  2. Consent Rate

    Percentage of eligible child-caregiver dyads invited to participate who provide caregiver consent and child/adolescent assent and enroll in the study. Prespecified progression thresholds are ≥80% = proceed; 60-79% = proceed with modification; \<60% = reconsider.

    Time frame: From recruitment initiation through completion of enrollment, anticipated up to 15 months

  3. Session Completion Rate

    Percentage of enrolled child/adolescent participants who complete the planned NAO-guided active-play intervention session. Prespecified progression thresholds are ≥80% = proceed; 60-79% = proceed with modification; \<60% = reconsider.

    Time frame: At completion of the approximately 12-minute intervention during the single study visit

  4. Intervention Fidelity

    Fidelity to the prespecified NAO-guided intervention protocol will be assessed using the approved intervention fidelity checklist and summarized as a percentage. Prespecified progression thresholds are ≥80% = proceed; 60-79% = proceed with modification; \<60% = reconsider.

    Time frame: At completion of the approximately 12-minute intervention during the single study visit

Secondary outcomes

  1. Protocol Deviations

    Number and nature of protocol deviations occurring during study participation, recorded using the approved protocol deviation and adverse event log and summarized descriptively.

    Time frame: At completion of the approximately 90-minute study visit (Day 1), based on deviations recorded throughout the visit

  2. Adverse Events

    Number and nature of adverse events occurring during study participation, recorded using the approved protocol deviation and adverse event log and summarized descriptively.

    Time frame: From enrollment through completion of the single study visit, approximately 90 minutes

  3. REACT Post-Narrative Intervention Likert Scale: Child/Adolescent Engagement and Intention to Repeat

    Child/adolescent engagement and intention to repeat the activity will be assessed using the age-appropriate REACT Post-Narrative Intervention Likert Scale (child version, ages 6-13; adolescent version, ages 14-18). Each version contains five items assessing enjoyment, desire to continue the activity, ease of performing the movements, experience interacting with NAO, and willingness to participate in a similar session again. Each item is rated from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating a more positive response on that item. Responses will be summarized descriptively at the item level; no composite or total score will be calculated.

    Time frame: Immediately following the intervention during the single study visit

  4. REACT Caregiver Acceptability and Willingness Survey

    Caregiver acceptability and willingness will be assessed using the purpose-built REACT Caregiver Acceptability and Willingness Survey. The survey contains 10 Likert items assessing perceived child enjoyment, engagement, comfort and safety, overall experience, willingness to participate again, willingness to participate in a longer program, comfort with use in therapy or at home, and willingness to recommend the session to other families. Each item is rated from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), with higher scores indicating greater agreement and a more positive response on that item. Responses will be summarized descriptively at the item level; no composite or total score will be calculated.

    Time frame: Immediately following the intervention during the single study visit

  5. Participant-Reported Session Length and Sensor Comfort via REACT Facilitator Interview Guide

    Child/adolescent perceptions of intervention length and comfort while wearing the arm-strap heart-rate monitor and wrist-worn accelerometer will be assessed using purpose-built questions and prompts in the REACT Facilitator Interview Guide. Participants will be asked whether the activity felt too long, too short, or appropriate in length and whether the study sensors caused discomfort or were noticeable during participation. Responses will be analyzed qualitatively; no numerical scale or composite score will be calculated.

    Time frame: During the approximately 30-minute post-intervention interview conducted during the single study visit

  6. Participant and Caregiver Qualitative Experience

    A semi-structured dyadic interview with the child/adolescent and caregiver will explore their experience of the NAO-guided active-play intervention, including perceived acceptability, what worked or did not work, barriers and facilitators to participation, and recommended refinements to the intervention and study procedures.

    Time frame: Immediately following the intervention; approximately 30-minute interview during the single study visit

Other outcomes

  1. OMNI Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale: Perceived Exertion

    Child/adolescent perceived exertion will be assessed using the cerebral palsy-specific OMNI Rating of Perceived Exertion scale, with ambulatory and non-ambulatory pictorial versions used as appropriate. The scale ranges from 0 ("not tired at all") to 10 ("very, very tired"), with higher scores indicating greater perceived exertion. Higher scores do not inherently represent a better or worse outcome.

    Time frame: Immediately following the approximately 12-minute intervention

  2. Heart Rate Response

    Heart rate will be recorded using an arm-strap heart rate monitor during a seated resting baseline and the NAO-guided active-play intervention. Heart rate data will be summarized descriptively to characterize physiological response during participation.

    Time frame: During a 2-minute resting baseline and the approximately 12-minute intervention

  3. Accelerometer-Derived Movement Output

    Movement data will be collected using a wrist-worn accelerometer and summarized descriptively to characterize movement and physical activity during the NAO-guided active-play intervention.

    Time frame: During the 2-minute seated resting baseline and the approximately 12-minute NAO-guided intervention during the single study visit

  4. Sensor Wear Time

    Wear time for the arm-strap heart-rate monitor and wrist-worn accelerometer will be recorded in minutes from initial sensor placement to removal. Wear time will be summarized descriptively for each sensor separately; no combined wear-time score will be calculated.

    Time frame: From sensor placement before the 2-minute resting baseline through sensor removal immediately following the approximately 12-minute NAO-guided intervention during the single study visit.

  5. Sensor Device-Removal Events

    The number of heart-rate monitor and accelerometer removal events occurring during the planned sensor-wear period will be recorded and summarized descriptively as counts. Events will be reported by sensor type.

    Time frame: From sensor placement before the 2-minute resting baseline through completion of the approximately 12-minute NAO-guided intervention during the single study visit

  6. Per-Instrument Sensor Data Completeness

    Data completeness will be assessed separately for the arm-strap heart-rate monitor and wrist-worn accelerometer as the percentage of the planned recording period for which sensor data are available. Higher percentages indicate greater data completeness. Heart-rate and accelerometer completeness will be reported separately; no combined score will be calculated.

    Time frame: From the 2-minute resting baseline through completion of the approximately 12-minute NAO-guided intervention during the single study visit

  7. Behavioural Engagement Assessed Using a Study-Specific Structured Video Coding Protocol

    Behavioural engagement during the NAO-guided intervention will be assessed from video recordings using a study-specific structured coding protocol developed and piloted by two independent coders. Behavioural engagement codes will be summarized descriptively; no standardized scale or composite score will be calculated. Inter-rater reliability will be established on a minimum of 20% of recordings, with a target Cohen's κ ≥0.70 before full coding.

    Time frame: During the approximately 12-minute NAO-guided intervention during the single study visit (Day 1)

  8. Movement Quality Assessed Using a Study-Specific Structured Video Coding Protocol

    Movement quality during the NAO-guided intervention will be assessed from video recordings using a study-specific structured coding protocol developed and piloted by two independent coders. Movement-quality codes will be summarized descriptively; no standardized scale or composite score will be calculated. Inter-rater reliability will be established on a minimum of 20% of recordings, with a target Cohen's κ ≥0.70 before full coding.

    Time frame: During the approximately 12-minute NAO-guided intervention during the single study visit (Day 1)

  9. Critical Incidents Assessed Using a Study-Specific Structured Video Coding Protocol

    Critical incidents occurring during the NAO-guided intervention will be identified from video recordings using a study-specific structured coding protocol developed and piloted by two independent coders. Critical-incident codes will be summarized descriptively; no standardized scale or composite score will be calculated. Inter-rater reliability will be established on a minimum of 20% of recordings, with a target Cohen's κ ≥0.70 before full coding.

    Time frame: During the approximately 12-minute NAO-guided intervention during the single study visit (Day 1)

07

Study locations

1 site
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Hennink M, Kaiser BN. Sample sizes for saturation in qualitative research: A systematic review of empirical tests. Soc Sci Med. 2022 Jan;292:114523. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114523. Epub 2021 Nov 2. PubMed 34785096 ↗
  • Patel DR, Neelakantan M, Pandher K, Merrick J. Cerebral palsy in children: a clinical overview. Transl Pediatr. 2020 Feb;9(Suppl 1):S125-S135. doi: 10.21037/tp.2020.01.01. PubMed 32206590 ↗
  • Sakzewski L, Reedman SE, Elliott C, Ziviani J, Novak I, Trost S, Majnemer A, Comans T, Shikako K, Ware RS, McNamara L, Williams S, Keramat SA, Brookes D, Boyd RN. Participate CP 2: optimising participation in physically active leisure for children with cerebral palsy - protocol for a phase III randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2023 Oct 3;13(10):e075570. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075570. PubMed 37788925 ↗
  • Avery KN, Williamson PR, Gamble C, O'Connell Francischetto E, Metcalfe C, Davidson P, Williams H, Blazeby JM; members of the Internal Pilot Trials Workshop supported by the Hubs for Trials Methodology Research. Informing efficient randomised controlled trials: exploration of challenges in developing progression criteria for internal pilot studies. BMJ Open. 2017 Feb 17;7(2):e013537. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013537. PubMed 28213598 ↗
  • Verschuren O, Peterson MD, Balemans AC, Hurvitz EA. Exercise and physical activity recommendations for people with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2016 Aug;58(8):798-808. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13053. Epub 2016 Feb 7. PubMed 26853808 ↗
  • Fragala-Pinkham M, O'Neil ME, Lennon N, Forman JL, Trost SG. Validity of the OMNI rating of perceived exertion scale for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2015 Aug;57(8):748-53. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.12703. Epub 2015 Jan 27. PubMed 25627218 ↗
  • Buitrago JA, Bolanos AM, Caicedo Bravo E. A motor learning therapeutic intervention for a child with cerebral palsy through a social assistive robot. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2020 Apr;15(3):357-362. doi: 10.1080/17483107.2019.1578999. Epub 2019 Feb 26. PubMed 30806105 ↗
  • Lancaster GA, Thabane L. Guidelines for reporting non-randomised pilot and feasibility studies. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2019 Oct 6;5:114. doi: 10.1186/s40814-019-0499-1. eCollection 2019. PubMed 31608150 ↗
  • Bowen DJ, Kreuter M, Spring B, Cofta-Woerpel L, Linnan L, Weiner D, Bakken S, Kaplan CP, Squiers L, Fabrizio C, Fernandez M. How we design feasibility studies. Am J Prev Med. 2009 May;36(5):452-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.02.002. PubMed 19362699 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — Individual participant data will not be made available to external researchers. Study data will be de-identified and stored securely on UBC OneDrive, with access limited to the research team, and retained for five years after publication in accordance with the approved ethics protocol.

09

Timeline

2 registry updates since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedDate before it movedWhere the date was before it movedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Start is estimated for Nov 2026; primary completion for Dec 2027, 13 months later.

Of 902 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Cerebral Palsy, half reached primary completion within 12 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 31. This study's planned 13 months is close to that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 921 studies reached it within 12 months; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 31.

Start moved once since we started tracking on Sep 25, 2026: Oct 2026 → Nov 2026, on Nov 6, 2026.

Earlier changes are on the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Sep 14, 2026
First posted
Sep 25, 2026
StartEst.
Nov 15, 2026was Oct 2026
Primary completionEst.
Dec 2027
CompletionEst.
Dec 2027
Last update
Nov 6, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
Start date
Oct 2026→Nov 15, 2026
Nov 6, 2026
Registered
First appeared on the registry
Sep 25, 2026
Show all 2 updates
  1. Nov 6, 2026
    Start date Oct 2026→Nov 15, 2026
  2. Sep 25, 2026
    First appeared on the registry

From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07842328
Responsible party
Julie Robillard (Associate Professor of Neurology, University of British Columbia) — Principal investigator
First posted
Sep 25, 2026
Start date
Nov 15, 2026 (estimated)
Primary completion
Dec 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Nov 6, 2026

Study contacts

Jordan Stevenson, MSc
Contact
jordan.stevenson@ubc.ca
604-875-3923
Julie Robillard, PhD
Contact
julie.robillard@ubc.ca
604-875-3923
Julie Robillard, PhD
principal investigator · University of British Columbia

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is not yet recruiting, as verified in Sep 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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