ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT06100081REFLECTUpdated Oct 25, 2023

Real-time Targeted Fluorescence Endoscopy for Detection of the Primary Cancer Lesion in Patients With a Metastasis of Unknown Primary Tumor in the Head and Neck

An interventional study of Detection of lesions using fluorescence molecular imaging in Unknown Primary Tumors and Oropharynx Cancer, sponsored by University Medical Center Groningen. Recruiting at 1 site in Netherlands. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-10-25.

Sponsored by University Medical Center Groningen · Not applicable, Interventional, and Diagnostic

From the registry’s dates

  • Primary completion was expected by Dec 2025, 10 months ago, but the record still lists the study as recruiting.
  • Started Apr 2023; still recruiting 3 years 6 months later.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
35
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

In current diagnostic work-up of patients with a cancer of unknown primary (CUP), approximately 50% of the primary tumor lesions remains undetected. Identification of the primary tumor site results in minimizing the potential morbidity from treatment by reducing morbidity by omitting the need for a mucosectomy of the bilateral base of tongue and tonsils, reducing the radiation field and better oncologic outcome than those with unidentified primary tumor. Clearly, new endoscopic 'real-time' imaging techniques are needed to visualize mucosal changes associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and increase detection rate of the primary tumor. Targeted fluorescence endoscopy enables the visualization of targeted tumor-specific biomarkers by using fluorescence, thereby enhancing the contrast between normal mucosa and tumor tissue. This could improve the detection of the primary tumor in cases where the primary tumor is not detected with white light endoscopy.

02

Conditions studied

  • Unknown Primary Tumors
  • Oropharynx Cancer
03

In context

Neoplasms, Unknown Primary

101 studies on the registry are indexed under Neoplasms, Unknown Primary; 19 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 35 is below the median of 52 across 63 interventional studies indexed under Neoplasms, Unknown Primary.

Browse Neoplasms, Unknown Primary studies →

Lead sponsor

University Medical Center Groningen is the lead sponsor of 627 studies on the registry; 176 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Cytology and/or histology-confirmed diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma most likely originating from the head \& neck area and scheduled to undergo endoscopy of the upper aerodigestive tract as decided by the multidisciplinary head and neck tumor board of the UMCG;
  • The primary tumor was not identified during standard diagnostic work-up in the outpatient clinic including physical head and neck examination, fiberoptic laryngoscopy, chest X-ray, CT and PET/CT;
  • Age ≥ 18 years;
  • Written ;

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Medical or psychiatric conditions that compromise the patient's ability to give ;
  • Concurrent uncontrolled medical conditions;
  • Received an drug within 30 days prior to the dose of cetuximab-800CW;
  • History of myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, uncontrolled cardiac heart failure, significant liver disease ( >3X or increased total ) or unstable angina within 6 months prior to enrollment;
  • Inadequately controlled hypertension with or without current antihypertensive medications;
  • History of allergy or infusion reactions cetuximab or other monoclonal antibody therapies;
  • Pregnant or lactating women. Documentation of a negative pregnancy test must be available for women of . Moreover, the need to be willing to ensure that she or her partner uses effective during the trial and for 6 months thereafter. Woman of childbearing potential are premenopausal women with intact reproductive organs and women less than two years after menopause;
  • Evidence of on pretreatment (greater than 440 ms in males or greater than 450 ms in females)
  • Patients receiving Class IA (quinidine, procainamide) or Class III (dofetilide, amiodarone, sotalol) antiarrhythmic agents.
  • \< 12 weeks;
  • performance status \< 70%.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(11)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Investigational drug or device

A drug or device being studied in a clinical trial.

It may be new, or already approved and being studied for another use, dose or form. Criteria often leave out people who took part in another study of one within a recent period, commonly 30 days or five half-lives.

ALT and AST (liver enzymes)

Two enzymes measured in a routine blood test of the liver. Higher levels can mean the liver is under strain or damaged. SGPT and SGOT are older names for ALT and AST.

Criteria usually give a limit as a multiple of the upper limit of normal (ULN), often higher when cancer has spread to the liver.

ULN (upper limit of normal)

The top of the normal range for a blood test, as set by the laboratory that runs it. Each lab prints its own range next to your result.

“≤ 2.5 × ULN” means the result can be up to two and a half times that top value.

Bilirubin

A yellow substance made when red blood cells are broken down, which the liver clears. A high level can mean a problem with the liver or the bile ducts.

Criteria often allow more for people with Gilbert’s syndrome, a harmless inherited condition that raises bilirubin.

Childbearing potential

Able to become pregnant: from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery (removal of the womb, or of both ovaries or both fallopian tubes).

Criteria for people of childbearing potential usually ask for a negative pregnancy test and for contraception during the study and for a time after it.

Contraception

Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.

Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.

QT and QTc

On an ECG, the QT interval is the time the heart’s lower chambers take to activate electrically and recover in each beat. QTc is that time adjusted for heart rate (QTcF by Fridericia’s formula, QTcB by Bazett’s). Some medicines lengthen it, and a long QTc can raise the risk of a dangerous heart rhythm.

The study may name a correction formula and a limit in milliseconds, often around 450–480.

ECG (electrocardiogram)

A recording of the heart’s electrical activity, taken with stickers on the chest, arms and legs. It takes a few minutes and does not hurt.

Life expectancy

The study doctor’s estimate of how long someone is likely to live. Criteria use it so that people can stay in the study long enough for it to answer its question.

Karnofsky performance status (KPS)

A 0–100 scale of how well someone can carry out everyday activities. 100 is no complaints and no signs of illness; 70 is able to look after yourself but not to work or keep up normal activity; 50 is needing considerable help and frequent medical care.

Studies often ask for 60 or 70 and above. Your doctor gives the score.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Diagnostic
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
35 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Patients

    Patients with cancer of unknown primary most probable originating from the head and neck area

    Diagnostic Test: Detection of lesions using fluorescence molecular imaging

Interventions

  • Diagnostic testDetection of lesions using fluorescence molecular imaging

    Using a fluorescence camera, lesions will be detected and biopsies will be taken to try and find cancer of unknown primary

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Accuracy in detecting primary tumours compared to white light endoscopy.

    To determine the feasibility of targeted fluorescence endoscopy compared to white light endoscopy and a mucosectomy using cetuximab-800CW for the detection of the primary tumor in patients with CUP

    Time frame: During surgery

Secondary outcomes

  1. Safety aspects of cetuximab-800CW

    To obtain information on safety aspects of cetuximab-800CW administration by registration of side effects, adverse events (AE), serious adverse events (SAE) and suspected unexpected serious adverse reactions (SUSAR);

    Time frame: through study completion

  2. Accuracy in detecting primary tumours with flexible fluorescence laryngoscopy at the outpatient clinic for primary tumor detection rates

    Accuracy in detecting primary tumours with flexible fluorescence laryngoscopy at the outpatient clinic for primary tumor detection rates

    Time frame: Flexible endoscopy will be performed 1-0 days before surgery.

  3. To quantify intrinsic fluorescence signals of cetuximab-800CW;

    To quantify intrinsic fluorescence signals of cetuximab-800CW;

    Time frame: During the procedure

  4. To determine if ex vivo fluorescence imaging using cetuximab-800CW can be used for assessment of the surgical specimen after mucosectomy;

    To determine if ex vivo fluorescence imaging using cetuximab-800CW can be used for assessment of the surgical specimen after mucosectomy;

    Time frame: immediatly after the procedure

  5. To determine the specificity and positive predictive value of TFE and WLE for the detection of the primary tumor in patients with CUP.

    To determine the specificity and positive predictive value of TFE and WLE for the detection of the primary tumor in patients with CUP.

    Time frame: end of study

  6. To correlate and validate fluorescence signals in vivo and ex vivo with histopathology.

    To correlate and validate fluorescence signals in vivo and ex vivo with histopathology.

    Time frame: 1-2 weeks after procedure

  7. To study health-related quality of life data regarding the standard of care mucosectomy procedures performed with transoral robot surgery using the QLQ-C30, QLQH&N35 en de SWAL-QoL.

    To study health-related quality of life data regarding the standard of care mucosectomy procedures performed with transoral robot surgery.

    Time frame: up to 6 weeks after surgery

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Started Apr 2023 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Dec 2025, 32 months after the start.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Apr 17, 2023
First posted
Oct 25, 2023
StartActual
Apr 28, 2023
Primary completionEst.
Dec 31, 2025
CompletionEst.
Dec 31, 2025
Last update
Oct 25, 2023
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Oct 25, 2023, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06100081
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Oct 25, 2023
Start date
Apr 28, 2023
Primary completion
Dec 31, 2025 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 31, 2025 (estimated)
Last update
Oct 25, 2023

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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