CClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT06081309Updated Mar 19, 2025Results posted

EEG Personalized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (eTMS) for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

An interventional study of EEG-based personalized TMS in Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, sponsored by Wave Neuroscience. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 22 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-03-19.

Sponsored by Wave Neuroscience · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
30
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
22 Years to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This is an open-label safety pilot study of the Electroencephalogram (EEG) Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (eTMS) treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The recruitment goal is 30 participants who are United States Military veterans or first responders (e.g., firefighters, police, paramedics, etc.). The Study includes an EEG recording in order to determine the optimal treatment parameters for the eTMS system, followed by 10 in-office visits that take place over 21 total days. Two eTMS treatment sessions are administered during each office visit.

Read the detailed description

eTMS-PTSD-001 is an open-label safety pilot study with a recruitment goal of 30 subjects, with 26 completers. The Study is intended to evaluate the safety aspects of eTMS in the target population. A maximum of 400 individuals will be screened in order to achieve the recruitment goal. The total number of days from the first participant enrolled to the last enrolled participant treated will be approximately 7 months.

Participants will be either Veterans or First Responders (e.g., emergency medical service provider, firefighter, or any other emergency response personnel), between 22-65 years of age. Participants may be male or female of any racial/ethnic background who meet the eligibility criteria. Participants will be recruited from the general public, and from veterans and first responder organizations.

The primary outcome for the Study will be the incidence, severity, relatedness, type, subsequent treatment/intervention required, and resolution status of adverse events during the study.

02

Conditions studied

  • Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

Keywords

  • PTSD
  • Veterans
  • First Responders
03

In context

Stress Disorders, Traumatic

1,147 studies on the registry are indexed under Stress Disorders, Traumatic; 108 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 30 is below the median of 60 across 908 interventional studies indexed under Stress Disorders, Traumatic.

Browse Stress Disorders, Traumatic studies →

Lead sponsor

Wave Neuroscience is the lead sponsor of 9 studies on the registry; 1 is open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
22 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Willing and able to consent to participate in the study via signed Informed Consent
  • Age 22 - 65 years
  • Provisional diagnosis of PTSD
  • Positive identification as either a Veteran, or First Responder (e.g., emergency medical service provider, firefighter, or any other emergency response personnel)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Uncontrolled medical, psychological or neurological condition
  • Pregnant, or female unwilling to use effective birth control during the course of the trial
  • Metal objects implanted in the head
  • Past exposure to metal fragments or other metal sources in the head and neck
  • Current participation in any interventional research protocol
  • History of any type of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) or TMS
  • History of stroke or intracranial lesion, or increased intracranial pressure
  • History or epilepsy or seizure
  • Family history of epilepsy or seizure in 1st degree relative.
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
30 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Open-Label active EEG-based personalized TMS treatment

    20 sessions of EEG-based personalized TMS over a maximum of 21 days. Two sessions per treatment day. Each session consists of TMS treatment at 50% Motor Threshold, pulse frequency between 8-13 Hz. TMS delivery of 5 second pulse train, with an inter-train interval of 20 seconds. Session duration is 15 minutes. A rest period of at least 30 minutes is required between the 2 sessions in a treatment day.

    Device: EEG-based personalized TMS

Interventions

  • DeviceEEG-based personalized TMS

    Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), in which treatment is personalized based on the participant's Electroencephalogram (EEG)

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Number, Severity, Relatedness, Type, Subsequent Treatment/Intervention Required, and Resolution Status of Adverse Events (AEs) During the Study.

    Number - Number of adverse events reported. Note that each participant may have had more than one adverse event (AE). Severity - Number of adverse events that were mild, moderate, or severe. Relatedness - Number of adverse events that were not related, suspected, or definitely related to treatment. Type - Number of adverse events that were or were not Serious Adverse Events (SAEs). Subsequent treatment/intervention required - Number of adverse events that did or did not require subsequent treatment/intervention. Number of participants reporting at least one AE

    Time frame: Baseline and Final Measure, between 10-21 Days

Secondary outcomes

  1. Improvement in PTSD Symptoms as Measured by Drop in Score on the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)

    The Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Ed. (DSM-5), commonly referred to as PCL-5, is a 20-item self-report measure that assesses the 20 DSM-5 symptoms of PTSD. It is used to monitor symptom change during and after treatment. Each item is scored from 0 to 5 as the participant's estimate of the severity of the symptom (0 = Not at all, 1=A little bit, 2 = Moderately, 3 = Quite a bit, 4 = Extremely). The final score range is between 0-80. A lower score is considered better than a higher score.

    Time frame: Baseline and Final Measure, between 10-21 Days

07

Results

Posted Mar 19, 2025
Limitations and caveats
This was an open-label safety study. With no sham control, it is not possible to determine a statistically significant outcome.

Participant flow

The eTMS-PTSD-001 study is divided into two stages: (Stage 1) An Open-Label safety pilot study; and (Stage 2) a randomized double-blind sham-controlled study. The current record (NCT06081309) covers only Stage 1. The study details and results for Stage 2 of the study will be reported in a separate record.

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneOpen-Label Active EEG-based Personalized TMS Treatment
Started30
Completed30
Not completed0

Outcome measures

PrimaryNumber, Severity, Relatedness, Type, Subsequent Treatment/Intervention Required, and Resolution Status of Adverse Events (AEs) During the Study.

Number - Number of adverse events reported. Note that each participant may have had more than one adverse event (AE). Severity - Number of adverse events that were mild, moderate, or severe. Relatedness - Number of adverse events that were not related, suspected, or definitely related to treatment. Type - Number of adverse events that were or were not Serious Adverse Events (SAEs). Subsequent treatment/intervention required - Number of adverse events that did or did not require subsequent treatment/intervention. Number of participants reporting at least one AE

Time frame:
Baseline and Final Measure, between 10-21 Days
Reported as:
Number · Number of AEs
Number, Severity, Relatedness, Type, Subsequent Treatment/Intervention Required, and Resolution Status of Adverse Events (AEs) During the Study.
Number of AEsOpen-Label Active EEG-based Personalized TMS Treatment
Adverse Event Intensity - Mild26
Adverse Event Intensity - Moderate3
Adverse Event Intensity - Severe2
Adverse Event Relationship to Treatment - Not Related17
Adverse Event Relationship to Treatment - Suspected5
Adverse Event Relationship to Treatment - Definitely Related9
Serious Adverse Event0
Not a Serious Adverse Event31
Subsequent treatment/intervention required0
No subsequent treatment/required31
SecondaryImprovement in PTSD Symptoms as Measured by Drop in Score on the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)

The Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Ed. (DSM-5), commonly referred to as PCL-5, is a 20-item self-report measure that assesses the 20 DSM-5 symptoms of PTSD. It is used to monitor symptom change during and after treatment. Each item is scored from 0 to 5 as the participant's estimate of the severity of the symptom (0 = Not at all, 1=A little bit, 2 = Moderately, 3 = Quite a bit, 4 = Extremely). The final score range is between 0-80. A lower score is considered better than a higher score.

Time frame:
Baseline and Final Measure, between 10-21 Days
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Improvement in PTSD Symptoms as Measured by Drop in Score on the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)
score on a scaleOpen-Label Active EEG-based Personalized TMS Treatment
Baseline Measure52.2 ± 8.9
Final Measure22.9 ± 14.0
Change between Baseline and Final Measure29.3 ± 13.1
Post-hocNumber of Participants With at Least One Adverse Event

The number of participants who experienced at least one Adverse Event in the study

Time frame:
Baseline and Final Measure, between 10-21 Days
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With at Least One Adverse Event
ParticipantsOpen-Label Active EEG-based Personalized TMS Treatment
Number of Participants With at Least One Adverse Event14

Adverse events

Collected over Baseline and Final Measure, between 10-21 Days. In addition, any adverse events that occurred after the Final Measure until Study completion were included.. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Open-Label Active EEG-based Personalized TMS Treatment0/30 (0%)0/30 (0%)14/30 (46.7%)
Most frequent other events
Most frequent other events
EventOpen-Label Active EEG-based Personalized TMS Treatment
HeadacheGeneral disorders9/30
Mild HeadacheGeneral disorders7/30
Sinus HeadacheGeneral disorders4/30
NauseaGastrointestinal disorders3/30
IrritabilityGeneral disorders2/30
Mild Head ColdGeneral disorders2/30
BruiseGeneral disorders1/30
Short-term SadnessNervous system disorders1/30
Local Site PainSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders1/30
ConjunctivitisEye disorders1/30

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Open-Label Active EEG-based Personalized TMS Treatment
Mean42.7 ± 9.5
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Open-Label Active EEG-based Personalized TMS Treatment
Female6
Male24
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Open-Label Active EEG-based Personalized TMS Treatment
Hispanic or Latino2
Not Hispanic or Latino28
Unknown or Not Reported0
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Open-Label Active EEG-based Personalized TMS Treatment
American Indian or Alaska Native1
Asian0
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander0
Black or African American0
White25
More than one race3
Unknown or Not Reported1
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)Open-Label Active EEG-based Personalized TMS Treatment
United States30
Education Level
Education Level(Participants)Open-Label Active EEG-based Personalized TMS Treatment
Less than 9th Grade0
9th - 12th Grade, No Diploma0
High School Diploma or Equivalent0
Some College, No Degree7
Associate Degree9
Bachelor's Degree9
Graduate or Professional Degree5
Marital Status
Marital Status(Participants)Open-Label Active EEG-based Personalized TMS Treatment
Never Married3
Separated0
Married21
Divorced5
Widowed1
Military/First Responder
Military/First Responder(participants)Open-Label Active EEG-based Personalized TMS Treatment
Military - Reservist0
Military - National Guard0
Military - Retiree3
Military - Veteran19
1st Responder - Emergency Medical0
1st Responder - Firefighter4
1st Responder - Police6
1st Responder - Search and Rescue0
1st Responder - Crisis Counselor0
08

Study locations

1 site
  • Wright State University
    Dayton, Ohio 45435, United States
09

References and documents

Publications

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  • Bisson J, Andrew M. Psychological treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jul 18;(3):CD003388. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub3. PubMed 17636720 ↗
  • Blumberger DM, Vila-Rodriguez F, Thorpe KE, Feffer K, Noda Y, Giacobbe P, Knyahnytska Y, Kennedy SH, Lam RW, Daskalakis ZJ, Downar J. Effectiveness of theta burst versus high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with depression (THREE-D): a randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2018 Apr 28;391(10131):1683-1692. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30295-2. Epub 2018 Apr 26. PubMed 29726344 ↗
  • Caulfield KA. Is accelerated, high-dose theta burst stimulation a panacea for treatment-resistant depression? J Neurophysiol. 2020 Jan 1;123(1):1-3. doi: 10.1152/jn.00537.2019. Epub 2019 Sep 25. PubMed 31553674 ↗
  • Corlier J, Carpenter LL, Wilson AC, Tirrell E, Gobin AP, Kavanaugh B, Leuchter AF. The relationship between individual alpha peak frequency and clinical outcome with repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Brain Stimul. 2019 Nov-Dec;12(6):1572-1578. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.07.018. Epub 2019 Jul 25. PubMed 31378603 ↗
  • George MS, Lisanby SH, Avery D, McDonald WM, Durkalski V, Pavlicova M, Anderson B, Nahas Z, Bulow P, Zarkowski P, Holtzheimer PE 3rd, Schwartz T, Sackeim HA. Daily left prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy for major depressive disorder: a sham-controlled randomized trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010 May;67(5):507-16. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.46. PubMed 20439832 ↗
  • George MS, Raman R, Benedek DM, Pelic CG, Grammer GG, Stokes KT, Schmidt M, Spiegel C, Dealmeida N, Beaver KL, Borckardt JJ, Sun X, Jain S, Stein MB. A two-site pilot randomized 3 day trial of high dose left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for suicidal inpatients. Brain Stimul. 2014 May-Jun;7(3):421-31. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2014.03.006. Epub 2014 Mar 19. PubMed 24731434 ↗
  • George MS, Wassermann EM, Williams WA, Steppel J, Pascual-Leone A, Basser P, Hallett M, Post RM. Changes in mood and hormone levels after rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the prefrontal cortex. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1996 Spring;8(2):172-80. doi: 10.1176/jnp.8.2.172. PubMed 9081553 ↗
  • Huang YZ, Edwards MJ, Rounis E, Bhatia KP, Rothwell JC. Theta burst stimulation of the human motor cortex. Neuron. 2005 Jan 20;45(2):201-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.12.033. PubMed 15664172 ↗
  • Hunter AM, Minzenberg MJ, Cook IA, Krantz DE, Levitt JG, Rotstein NM, Chawla SA, Leuchter AF. Concomitant medication use and clinical outcome of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. Brain Behav. 2019 May;9(5):e01275. doi: 10.1002/brb3.1275. Epub 2019 Apr 2. PubMed 30941915 ↗
  • Janicak PG, O'Reardon JP, Sampson SM, Husain MM, Lisanby SH, Rado JT, Heart KL, Demitrack MA. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of major depressive disorder: a comprehensive summary of safety experience from acute exposure, extended exposure, and during reintroduction treatment. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008 Feb;69(2):222-32. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v69n0208. PubMed 18232722 ↗
  • Jin Y, Phillips B. A pilot study of the use of EEG-based synchronized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (sTMS) for treatment of Major Depression. BMC Psychiatry. 2014 Jan 18;14:13. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-14-13. PubMed 24438321 ↗
  • Jin Y, Kemp AS, Huang Y, Thai TM, Liu Z, Xu W, He H, Potkin SG. Alpha EEG guided TMS in schizophrenia. Brain Stimul. 2012 Oct;5(4):560-8. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2011.09.005. Epub 2011 Oct 6. PubMed 22019083 ↗
  • Leuchter AF, Cook IA, Jin Y, Phillips B. The relationship between brain oscillatory activity and therapeutic effectiveness of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013 Feb 26;7:37. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00037. eCollection 2013. PubMed 23550274 ↗
  • Loo CK, McFarquhar TF, Mitchell PB. A review of the safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as a clinical treatment for depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008 Feb;11(1):131-47. doi: 10.1017/S1461145707007717. Epub 2007 Sep 20. PubMed 17880752 ↗
  • Loo C, Sachdev P, Elsayed H, McDarmont B, Mitchell P, Wilkinson M, Parker G, Gandevia S. Effects of a 2- to 4-week course of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on neuropsychologic functioning, electroencephalogram, and auditory threshold in depressed patients. Biol Psychiatry. 2001 Apr 1;49(7):615-23. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00996-3. PubMed 11297719 ↗
  • Machii K, Cohen D, Ramos-Estebanez C, Pascual-Leone A. Safety of rTMS to non-motor cortical areas in healthy participants and patients. Clin Neurophysiol. 2006 Feb;117(2):455-71. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2005.10.014. Epub 2006 Jan 4. PubMed 16387549 ↗
  • O'Reardon JP, Solvason HB, Janicak PG, Sampson S, Isenberg KE, Nahas Z, McDonald WM, Avery D, Fitzgerald PB, Loo C, Demitrack MA, George MS, Sackeim HA. Efficacy and safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the acute treatment of major depression: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Dec 1;62(11):1208-16. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.01.018. Epub 2007 Jun 14. PubMed 17573044 ↗
  • Carpenter LL, Conelea C, Tyrka AR, Welch ES, Greenberg BD, Price LH, Niedzwiecki M, Yip AG, Barnes J, Philip NS. 5 Hz Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for posttraumatic stress disorder comorbid with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord. 2018 Aug 1;235:414-420. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.009. Epub 2018 Apr 5. PubMed 29677606 ↗
  • Roelofs CL, Krepel N, Corlier J, Carpenter LL, Fitzgerald PB, Daskalakis ZJ, Tendolkar I, Wilson A, Downar J, Bailey NW, Blumberger DM, Vila-Rodriguez F, Leuchter AF, Arns M. Individual alpha frequency proximity associated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation outcome: An independent replication study from the ICON-DB consortium. Clin Neurophysiol. 2021 Feb;132(2):643-649. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.10.017. Epub 2020 Nov 10. PubMed 33243617 ↗
  • Rossi S, Antal A, Bestmann S, Bikson M, Brewer C, Brockmoller J, Carpenter LL, Cincotta M, Chen R, Daskalakis JD, Di Lazzaro V, Fox MD, George MS, Gilbert D, Kimiskidis VK, Koch G, Ilmoniemi RJ, Lefaucheur JP, Leocani L, Lisanby SH, Miniussi C, Padberg F, Pascual-Leone A, Paulus W, Peterchev AV, Quartarone A, Rotenberg A, Rothwell J, Rossini PM, Santarnecchi E, Shafi MM, Siebner HR, Ugawa Y, Wassermann EM, Zangen A, Ziemann U, Hallett M; basis of this article began with a Consensus Statement from the IFCN Workshop on "Present, Future of TMS: Safety, Ethical Guidelines", Siena, October 17-20, 2018, updating through April 2020. Safety and recommendations for TMS use in healthy subjects and patient populations, with updates on training, ethical and regulatory issues: Expert Guidelines. Clin Neurophysiol. 2021 Jan;132(1):269-306. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.10.003. Epub 2020 Oct 24. PubMed 33243615 ↗
  • Rossi S, Hallett M, Rossini PM, Pascual-Leone A; Safety of TMS Consensus Group. Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research. Clin Neurophysiol. 2009 Dec;120(12):2008-2039. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.08.016. Epub 2009 Oct 14. PubMed 19833552 ↗
  • Sakkas P, Mihalopoulou P, Mourtzouhou P, Psarros C, Masdrakis V, Politis A, Christodoulou GN. Induction of mania by rTMS: report of two cases. Eur Psychiatry. 2003 Jun;18(4):196-8. doi: 10.1016/s0924-9338(03)00048-8. PubMed 12814856 ↗
  • Wobrock T, Guse B, Cordes J, Wolwer W, Winterer G, Gaebel W, Langguth B, Landgrebe M, Eichhammer P, Frank E, Hajak G, Ohmann C, Verde PE, Rietschel M, Ahmed R, Honer WG, Malchow B, Schneider-Axmann T, Falkai P, Hasan A. Left prefrontal high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of schizophrenia with predominant negative symptoms: a sham-controlled, randomized multicenter trial. Biol Psychiatry. 2015 Jun 1;77(11):979-88. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.009. Epub 2014 Oct 23. PubMed 25582269 ↗
  • Yesavage JA, Fairchild JK, Mi Z, Biswas K, Davis-Karim A, Phibbs CS, Forman SD, Thase M, Williams LM, Etkin A, O'Hara R, Georgette G, Beale T, Huang GD, Noda A, George MS; VA Cooperative Studies Program Study Team. Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Treatment-Resistant Major Depression in US Veterans: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Sep 1;75(9):884-893. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1483. PubMed 29955803 ↗
  • Ziemann U. TMS and drugs. Clin Neurophysiol. 2004 Aug;115(8):1717-29. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2004.03.006. PubMed 15261850 ↗
  • Ziemann U, Reis J, Schwenkreis P, Rosanova M, Strafella A, Badawy R, Muller-Dahlhaus F. TMS and drugs revisited 2014. Clin Neurophysiol. 2015 Oct;126(10):1847-68. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.08.028. Epub 2014 Dec 4. PubMed 25534482 ↗

Study documents

  • Protocol and statistical analysis plan · Jan 11, 2024

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — Individual Participant Data will not be shared with other researchers

10

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Mar 19, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06081309
Lead sponsor
Wave Neuroscience
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Oct 13, 2023
Start date
Nov 20, 2023
Primary completion
May 16, 2024
Completion
May 16, 2024
Results posted
Mar 19, 2025
Last update
Mar 19, 2025

Study contacts

Bill Phillips, PhD
principal investigator · Wave Neuroscience, Inc.

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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