An interventional study of Food system and demand generation in Dairy Consumption, sponsored by RTI International. Withdrawn at 1 site in Ethiopia. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-02-17.
Sponsored by RTI International · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other
Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN)'s "Better Dairy for All" program in Ethiopia seeks to improve children's and workers' consumption of healthy foods by improving access, increasing demand, and improving the enabling environment for dairy products by operating at multiple levels - individuals, households, markets, producers, and policies. RTI and local partners propose to conduct impact and process evaluations of GAIN's program tailored to the theory of change. The evaluation will include a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods and will be guided by the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) evaluation framework.
Background: Dairy products are excellent sources of calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin B12, and good sources of zinc, but are not widely consumed in Ethiopia. GAIN's Better Dairy for All program has two main components. One component is focused on increasing dairy consumption among children 6 months up to 7 years in bottom of the pyramid (BoP) households in Amhara Region through a demand generation campaign and support to milk houses, cooperatives, and processors. The other component is focused on increasing consumption of dairy and other nutritious foods by BoP workers in industries and large-scale farms by making dairy and other nutritious foods, such as fortified oil and fortified wheat flour and fruits/vegetables, available at their workplaces accompanied by demand generation activities.
Objective: The objective of this study is to conduct an impact and process evaluation of GAIN's Better Dairy for All program.
Methods: In Amhara, the evaluation will use a parallel group mixed-methods quasi-experimental before-after design to assess the effectiveness of the intervention on dairy consumption of children. The evaluation will be carried out in 64 enumeration areas (EAs) in intervention woredas matched on demographic characteristics with 64 EAs in control woredas. Data will be collected through household surveys, semi-structured interviews with dairy value chain actors, and focus group discussions (FGDs) with caregivers of young children. Cross-sectional population-based household surveys with caregivers of young children will be conducted at baseline (N=1,144) and endline (N=1,144) to assess intervention impact on dairy consumption frequency and quantity using difference-in-differences analysis. In the intervention woredas, evaluators will conduct semi-structured interviews to evaluate program outcomes with milk houses, milk processors, and cooperatives (N=30) at baseline, midline, and endline. Evaluators will also conduct FGDs with caregivers of young children (N=8 FGDs) at midline and endline in the intervention woredas. This data will be used for the process evaluation.
In industries and large-scale farms, the evaluation of GAIN's program will use a cross-sectional pre-post design. The evaluation will be carried out in 5 purposefully selected industries/farms that start the intervention around the same time. Data will be collected through worker surveys, in-depth interviews (IDIs), and FGDs. Surveys with workers (N=524) will be conducted before and after the intervention to measure impacts of the program on workers' dairy consumption frequency and quantity. IDIs with industry/farm owners or managers and suppliers of dairy and other nutritious foods (N=5-10) and IDIs with workers (N=15) will be conducted at midline and endline. This data will be used for process evaluation.
RTI International is the lead sponsor of 81 studies on the registry; 17 are open to participants now.
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Household surveys
Inclusion Criteria:
Dairy value chain semi-structured interviews
Inclusion Criteria:
FGDs with caregivers
Inclusion criteria:
Worker surveys
Inclusion criteria:
In-depth interviews with workers
Inclusion criteria:
Behavioral: Food system and demand generation
In Amhara, an equal number of districts outside the program coverage area with characteristics similar to the intervention districts will serve as the control.
GAIN's program to increase dairy consumption among BoP children and workers will include components to increase demand, improve access, and support the enabling environment. In Amhara, the demand generation component will share messages through radio, community influencers, and community conversations led by health extension workers targeting rural BoP households with children 6 months up to 7 years. GAIN will train milk houses and cooperatives on dairy safety and quality assurance and better business practices and will assist with cold chain and milk dispensing technology to improve milk availability and access. In industries and large-scale farms, GAIN will use a demand generation strategy to inform workers about the importance of dairy products and other nutritious foods and to encourage them to purchase them at their workplaces. GAIN will work with local businesses to launch and maintain dairy dispensers and arrange provision of other nutritious foods at work sites.
Frequency of dairy consumption
Description (limit 999 characters) Change in the mean frequency of dairy consumption during the last 7 days by children 6 months to 7 years and workers
Time frame: Baseline (August 2023), Endline (July 2026) (3 years)
Frequency of nutritious food consumption
Change in the mean frequency of consumption of promoted nutritious foods (fortified oil, wheat flour, and fruits/vegetables) during the last 7 days by workers
Time frame: Baseline (August 2023), Endline (July 2026) (3 years)
Number of available dairy and nutritious foods
Change in number of available dairy and target nutritious foods
Time frame: Baseline (August 2023), Endline (July 2026) (3 years)
Plan to share: Yes — Dataset will be shared through Nesstar.
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This study is withdrawn, as verified in Jan 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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