An interventional study of ABA-based functional analysis and treatment in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome, sponsored by Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc.. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 3 Years to 15 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-10-29.
Sponsored by Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc. · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
The goals of this clinical trial are to identify factors associated with the development of problem behavior in Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) and to develop an effective behavioral assessment and treatment model for problem behavior in children with CdLS.
The hypotheses are as follows:
Participants in the intervention group (families of children with CdLS and problem behaviors) will be asked to complete study measures and attend 2 full days and one half-day of clinic services at Kennedy Krieger Institute so that the study team can provide assessment and treatment of child problem behaviors, and then train parents to apply the intervention. Participants in the control group (families of children with CdLS and no problem behavior) will be asked to complete study measures once every 3 months for a 2-year period to monitor the children.
This study will improve the ability to effectively treat problem behavior is CdLS, as well as identify key variables associated with problem behavior in CdLS which may be examined in future studies and clinical practice to foster early intervention and prevention efforts.
The presence of problem behavior such as self-injury and aggression is a prominent and challenging feature of Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS). Despite the growing body of research on behavior problems associated with behavioral phenotypes in genetic disorders, problem behavior in this population is not well understood. For example, individuals with CdLS are at high risk for developing self-jury, however it is not known why some do not develop this problem behavior. Additionally, few studies have examined environmental influences on problem behavior in CdLS. The field of applied behavior analysis (ABA) offers precise assessment methods that have led to an increased understanding of problem behavior, and improved treatment outcomes for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). In particular, functional analysis procedures are considered the most rigorous method for determining what variables serve to maintain problem behavior; thereby, leading to the prescription of effective individualized treatments. However, there are only a few cases reported in the literature of functional analysis of problem behavior in CdLS. Preliminary findings from functional analyses and other assessments in CdLS indicate differences in forms of problem behavior, functions for problem behavior, and responsiveness to certain classes of stimuli, relative to other genetic disorders. Previous literature and preliminary data suggest that variables associated with certain genetic conditions may impact form, function, and responsiveness to treatment for problem behavior. Thus, the goals of this clinical trial are to 1) to identify key variables associated with problem behavior in CdLS by comparing children with and without problem behavior across multiple variables including language ability, stimulus preferences, emotion dysregulation, and presence of autism; and 2) evaluate the effectiveness of an outpatient model of ABA-based assessment and treatment for children with CdLS exhibiting problem behavior; and 3) follow children with CDLS without problem behavior over a period of 2 years to begin to obtain information about what variables lead to the emergence of problem behavior, and to apply early intervention strategies.
Individualized function-based treatments will be evaluated with each participant using single-case experimental designs. Assessment and treatment data from all participants will also be combined to evaluate program outcomes within a consecutive controlled case series design. This type of study design minimizes potential selection bias favoring positive outcomes by including all participants encountered regardless of outcome. All participants will complete standardized measures of preference, adaptive skills, problem behavior, ASD, and emotion dysregulation. Program outcomes will also be evaluated using statistical analysis methods with consultation from the Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC) Behavioral Phenotyping Core at the Kennedy Krieger Institute/Johns Hopkins University. Parent responses on study measures will be combined to evaluate satisfaction with treatment and with services.
Treatment Group
Pre-Visit Assessments
Study Visit at Kennedy Krieger Institute (KKI)/Day 1
Study Visit at KKI/Day 2
Study visit at KKI/Follow Up (2 weeks post treatment): During a 3-hour study visit, the continued effectiveness of the behavior plan and parent implementation of such will be assessed via direct observation of parent and child. The study team will video-record these sessions. Results will be reviewed with the family. Parents will also complete the ABC and BPI.
Follow-up phone calls at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post treatment. Refer for additional services if necessary.
Control Group
Once ages and adaptive functioning levels of treatment group participants are established, recruitment for matched controls will be initiated. Investigators will seek to identify children with CdLS between the ages of 3 and 15 years who do not exhibit self-injurious behavior, aggression, or disruptive behavior. Parents of potential participants will be asked to participate in 2 phone interviews. In the first phone interview, a parent will be asked a series of questions to rule out the presence of child problem behavior. Once it is determined that the child does not exhibit problem behavior, parents will be asked if they would like to participate in the study. After the family has consented, the study team will mail the VABS-3 for completion. If VABS-3 results match that of a treatment group participant, a second phone interview will be conducted to complete the RAISD. The BPI, ABC, RBS-R, GARS, and EDI will be mailed. Local families will be invited to attend a 2-hr clinic visit for preference assessments. To monitor for emergence of problem behavior in the control group, the BPI and EDI will be repeated every 3 months for up to 2 yrs. If such behavior does emerge, clinical services will be offered to the participant and family at no cost.
178 studies on the registry are indexed under Problem Behavior; 47 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 20 is below the median of 90 across 165 interventional studies indexed under Problem Behavior.
Browse Problem Behavior studies →Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc. is the lead sponsor of 76 studies on the registry; 19 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Inclusion Criteria for treatment group:
Child with CdLS and problem behavior:
Parent of child with CdLS is English-speaking and is willing to:
Inclusion Criteria for control group:
Child with CdLS without problem behavior:
Parent of child with CdLS is English-speaking and willing to:
Exclusion Criteria for treatment group:
Child with CdLS:
Exclusion Criteria for the control group:
Child with CdLS:
Assessment and Treatment for problem behavior exhibited by children with CdLS
Behavioral: ABA-based functional analysis and treatment
Quarterly Monitoring of children with CdLS that do not exhibit problem behavior
Functional analysis to identify environmental variables maintaining child problem behavior and function-based treatment
Change in Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI) scores
The investigators will also quantify changes in problem behavior following the intervention relative to baseline with the normalized scores on the Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI). This scale has two sections: scores on Frequency of problem behavior (with a maximum score of 208 and a minimum score of zero) and scores on the Severity of problem behavior (with a maximum score of 156 and a minimum score of zero). Higher scores on these sections indicate worse outcomes, so decreases in the scores from pre-intervention to post-intervention would be indicative of a therapeutic outcome.
Time frame: pre-intervention (prior to admission) to post-intervention (at 2-week follow-up visit)
Change in Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) scores
The investigators will also quantify changes in problem behavior following the intervention relative to baseline with the normalized scores on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). The ABC has 5 subscales: Irritability, Social Withdrawal, Stereotypic Behavior, Hyperactivity/Noncompliance, and Inappropriate Speech. Scores on the Irritability subscale (maximum of 45 and a minimum of zero), in particular, would be indicative of problem behavior. Higher scores on this subscale indicate worse outcomes, so decreases in this scale scores from pre-intervention to post-intervention would be indicative of a therapeutic outcome.
Time frame: pre-intervention (prior to admission) to post-intervention (at 2-week follow-up visit)
direct observation of problem behavior reduction
The goal of this clinical trial is to decrease problem behavior (e.g., aggression, tantrums) in children and adolescents with CdLS. The investigators will measure behavioral changes using a multidimensional approach. One measure is derived from direct observation of problem behavior during baseline (i.e., before the intervention) and at the conclusion of the treatment (i.e., after the intervention). The mean rate of problem behavior at the conclusion of treatment will be subtracted from the mean rate of problem behavior during baseline. This quantity will be divided by the mean rate of problem behavior during baseline, then multiplied times 100 to convert to a percentage. A common clinical benchmark using this design is an 80% reduction in problem behavior for successful treatments. Thus, treatments that reduce problem behavior by less than 80% are said to be ineffective.
Time frame: over the course of 2 days
Plan to share: No
Started Aug 2023 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Aug 2026, 36 months after the start.
Of 111 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Problem Behavior, half reached primary completion within 24 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 13 and three quarters within 51. This study's planned 36 months is above that.
Counting every sponsor, half of 112 studies reached it within 24 months; a quarter within 13 and three quarters within 51.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
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Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc.