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CompletedNCT05788172MBL_LossUpdated Nov 22, 2023

Measuring Menstrual Iron Loss Using the Iron Isotope Dilution Technique

An observational study in Iron-deficiency, Menorrhagia and Anemia, sponsored by Isabelle Herter-Aeberli. Completed at 1 site in Switzerland. Open to female participants aged 18 Years to 30 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-11-22.

Sponsored by Isabelle Herter-Aeberli · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
10
Ages
18 Years to 30 Years
Sex
Female
01

Study summary

It is very difficult to quantify menstrual blood loss, the reference method is a tedious one. This is a problem, as it is not conducive to objectively measuring menstrual blood loss and understanding the contribution of menstrual iron loss to iron deficiency anemia. With this study, the investigators aim to investigate iron loss during the menstrual cycle and aim to validate a much simpler technique.

Read the detailed description

Anemia reduction efforts have largely focused on increasing iron intakes such as improving diet quality, food fortification with iron, iron supplementation, biofortification. There is little information on the contribution of menstrual iron loss to iron deficiency anemia.

Indeed, the accurate measurement of menstrual blood loss volume and iron loss is difficult. Self-perception of heavy menstrual blood loss poorly predicts actual blood loss, and the objective measurement of menstrual blood loss remains a tedious method. Various methods have been used to objectively measure menstrual blood loss volume including radioisotopes, but these methods are invasive. The investigators aim to validate a much simpler technique, namely the stable iron isotope dilution methodology. This is a promising new method for quantifying long-term body iron balance, absorption, and loss which has not been applied previously to measure menstrual iron losses. Validating this new method against the alkaline hematin reference method would be an important step to encourage menstrual blood loss measurements and shed light on the contribution of menstrual blood loss to iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia.

02

Conditions studied

  • Iron-deficiency
  • Menorrhagia
  • Anemia

Keywords

  • anemia
  • menstruation
  • alkaline hematin
  • iron isotope dilution
  • blood loss
  • menorrhagia
03

In context

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency

600 studies on the registry are indexed under Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; 95 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 10 is below the median of 200 across 118 observational studies indexed under Anemia, Iron-Deficiency.

Browse Anemia, Iron-Deficiency studies →

Lead sponsor

Isabelle Herter-Aeberli is the lead sponsor of 13 studies on the registry; 1 is open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 30 Years
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Female 18-30 year olds, who have already been labelled with stable iron isotopes.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Female, 18-30 years old
  • Already labelled with stable iron isotopes at least 12 months prior to study start
  • Weight \<70 kg
  • Normal (18.5 - 25kg/m2)
  • Regular menstrual cycle (self-reported cycle length between 28 and 35 days in the past 6 months)
  • Signed
  • Able to read and understand English

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Use of hormonal within a 3-month recall period
  • Anemia ( \< 117 g/L)
  • Any known major metabolic, gastrointestinal, kidney or chronic disease such as diabetes, renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, hepatitis, hypertension, cancer, or cardiovascular diseases (according to the participants own statement)
  • Women with severe menstrual cramps
  • Consumption of iron-containing supplements within 1 month prior to the start of study
  • Known difficulties with blood sampling
  • Pregnancy (serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) \< 5 mIU/mL)
  • Current smoking (>1 cigarette per week over a 1-month recall period)
  • Women who are planning to get pregnant
  • Inability to follow the study protocol
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(4)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

BMI (body mass index)

Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.

What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Contraception

Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.

Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.

Hemoglobin (Hb)

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).

05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
10 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No
Biospecimen retention
Samples without dna

Groups and cohorts

  • Participants

    Female 18-30 year olds, who have already been labelled with stable iron isotopes at least 12 months prior to study start.

    Other: Iron isotope dilution · Other: Alkaline hematin method

Interventions

  • OtherIron isotope dilution

    Menstrual blood loss will be determined using the iron isotope dilution technique and compared to the amount determined via the alkaline hematin method.

  • OtherAlkaline hematin method

    Menstrual blood loss will be determined using the alkaline hematin method and compared to the amount determined via the iron isotope dilution technique.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Amount of menstrual blood lost (mL/cycle)

    The amount of menstrual blood lost will be determined using the alkaline hematin reference method. All sanitary material is collected during menstruation in each cycle and the amount of blood lost is measured directly in this material. For each cycle the total amount of blood lost during this cycle is determined (there will be one value only during each cycle).

    Time frame: At the beginning of menstrual cycle 1 (cycle length between 28 and 35 days)

  2. Amount of menstrual blood lost (mL/cycle)

    The amount of menstrual blood lost will be determined using the alkaline hematin reference method. All sanitary material is collected during menstruation in each cycle and the amount of blood lost is measured directly in this material. For each cycle the total amount of blood lost during this cycle is determined (there will be one value only during each cycle).

    Time frame: At the beginning of menstrual cycle 2 (cycle length between 28 and 35 days)

  3. Amount of menstrual blood lost (mL/cycle)

    The amount of menstrual blood lost will be determined using the alkaline hematin reference method. All sanitary material is collected during menstruation in each cycle and the amount of blood lost is measured directly in this material. For each cycle the total amount of blood lost during this cycle is determined (there will be one value only during each cycle).

    Time frame: At the beginning of menstrual cycle 3 (cycle length between 28 and 35 days)

  4. Change in isotopic ratio per cycle

    The change in iron losses between the time of menstruation and the remaining duration of the cycle will be measured based on the dilution of the stable iron isotopes in the blood

    Time frame: Screening, day 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71, 78 and 85

Secondary outcomes

  1. Hemoglobin concentration (g/L)

    Hemoglobin will be measured to determine the presence of anemia and for the standardization of menstrual blood loss measurement

    Time frame: Screening, day 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71, 78 and 85

  2. Serum ferritin (microg/L)

    Iron status parameter

    Time frame: Day 1 and 85

  3. Serum transferrin receptor (mg/L)

    Iron status parameter

    Time frame: Day 1 and 85

  4. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (g/L)

    Chronic inflammation parameter

    Time frame: Day 1 and 85

  5. C-reactive protein (mg/L)

    Acute inflammation parameter

    Time frame: Day 1 and 85

07

Study locations

1 site
  • ETH Zurich
    Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Mar 2023 to primary completion in Jun 2023, 3 months.

Of 49 non-industry observational studies under Anemia, Iron-Deficiency, half reached primary completion within 24 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 11 and three quarters within 38. This study's 3 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 54 studies reached it within 26 months; a quarter within 11 and three quarters within 35.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jan 30, 2023
First posted
Mar 28, 2023
StartActual
Mar 1, 2023
Primary completionActual
Jun 29, 2023
CompletionActual
Aug 30, 2023
Last update
Nov 22, 2023
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Nov 22, 2023, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05788172
Lead sponsor
Isabelle Herter-Aeberli
Collaborators
Wageningen University and Research, Sight and Life Foundation, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
Responsible party
Isabelle Herter-Aeberli (Principal Investigator, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Mar 28, 2023
Start date
Mar 1, 2023
Primary completion
Jun 29, 2023
Completion
Aug 30, 2023
Last update
Nov 22, 2023

Study contacts

Isabelle Herter-Aeberli, PhD
principal investigator · ETH

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Nov 2023. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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