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CompletedNCT05579054Updated Dec 21, 2022

Translation, Validity, and Reliability of the Foot Posture Index (FPI-6) - Turkish Version

An observational study in Foot Deformities, Pes Planus and Hallux Valgus, sponsored by Suleyman Demirel University. Completed at 1 site in Turkey. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2022-12-21.

Sponsored by Suleyman Demirel University · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
45
Ages
18 Years to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Individuals with foot-ankle problems (plantar fasciitis, metarsalgia, pes planus, pes planovalgus/varus) will be included in the study. Permission was obtained from the research group that developed the scale to use the Original Foot Posture Index-6 (FPI-6). Cross-cultural adaptation of the FPI-6 will be made in line with the guidelines published by Ruberto and Beaton. First of all, the FPI-6 will be translated into Turkish by two translators whose native language is Turkish and who can speak English at an advanced level. Translations will be compared and discussed, and a Turkish version will be obtained with the equivalents that best represent each item in the texts. Secondly, this retranslated text will be independently translated back into English by two native English translators. In the third stage, two texts written in English will be synthesized by the authors, thus reaching a consensus on a single translation. Finally, the inconsistent parts of the text will be checked by a multidisciplinary team consisting of two native English-speaking translators, members of the English language and literature department, authors who developed the scale, and physiotherapists. Two independent physiotherapists will evaluate the participants' foot posture indexes by FPI-6 for inter-rater reliability. In addition, patients' quality of life, foot functions, hindfoot profiles will be evaluated. For the calculation of validity between measurements, rater-1 will apply the FPI-6 again to the same participants after 15 days for intra-rater reliability. Patients' functional independence, activities of daily living, and quality of life will also be evaluated for criterion validity. American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society-AOFAS, SF-36 and Foot Function Index questionnaires will be applied for the validity of FPI-6.

02

Conditions studied

  • Foot Deformities
  • Pes Planus
  • Hallux Valgus
  • Metatarsalgia
  • Feet Pes Planus (Flatfoot)
03

In context

Foot Deformities

50 studies on the registry are indexed under Foot Deformities; 13 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 45 is below the median of 84 across 22 observational studies indexed under Foot Deformities.

Browse Foot Deformities studies →

Lead sponsor

Suleyman Demirel University is the lead sponsor of 127 studies on the registry; 35 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Sampling method
Probability sample

Study population

The study group will consist of individuals between the ages of 18-65 with foot problems.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • being between the ages of 18-65,
  • having foot-ankle problems (plantar fasciitis, metatarsalgia, pes planus, pes planovalgus/varus, hallux valgus, pes cavus, pain)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having undergone any lower extremity surgery in the last two years,
  • patients with congenital foot deformity and neurological problems,
  • Individuals with lower or upper extremity pathology or a cognitive problem that may prevent or limit the application of the test protocol
05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
45 participants (actual)
Target follow-up
15 Days
Patient registry
Yes

Interventions

  • Diagnostic testFoot Posture Index (FPI-6)

    FPI-6 is a valid and reliable assessment tool for pediatrics in which 6 items are scored separately for the right and left feet while the patient was in an upright position in a relaxed posture with their body-weight evenly distributed on the both feet. Each item is scored as -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 and the assessment categorized as follows: 0 to +5 normal; +6 to +9 pronated; 10+ higly pronated; -1 to -4 supianted; and -5 to -12 higly supinated.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Foot Posture Index (FPI-6)

    PI-6 is a valid and reliable assessment tool for pediatrics in which 6 items are scored separately for the right and left feet while the patient was in an upright position in a relaxed posture with their body-weight evenly distributed on the both feet. Each item is scored as -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 and the assessment categorized as follows: 0 to +5 normal; +6 to +9 pronated; 10+ higly pronated; -1 to -4 supianted; and -5 to -12 higly supinated.

    Time frame: 10 minutes

Secondary outcomes

  1. Foot Function Index

    Foot Function Index consists of 23 items with 3 subgroups as pain, disability and activity limitation. While the nine-item pain subscale measures the level of foot pain in various situations, the 9-item disability subscale determines the degree of difficulty in performing various functional activities depending on foot problems.

    Time frame: 10 minutes

  2. American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society-AOFAS

    American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society-AOFAS; This method, which evaluates the foot alignment and functional status of the participants, is the valid and reliable scoring system of the Turkish version developed by the American Foot and Ankle Orthopedic Society. The pain subscale is evaluated over a total of 40 points, the function subscale is evaluated over a total of 50 points, and the foot alignment subscale is evaluated over a total of 10 points. Higher scores indicate a better situation.

    Time frame: 10 minutes

  3. SF-36

    The SF-36 QoL test includes a total of 36 self-assessment questions that are classified into eight domains: physical functioning with ten questions, role-physical with four, bodily pain with two, general health with five, social functioning with two, role-emotional with three, mental health with five and vitality with four. The reference period for all of the questions was the last four weeks prior to the interview.

    Time frame: 15 minutes

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Güllü Aydın Yağcıoğlu
    Isparta, 32100, Turkey
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Dec 21, 2022, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05579054
Responsible party
Gullu Aydın Yagcıoglu (Research Asisstant, Suleyman Demirel University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Oct 13, 2022
Start date
Sep 20, 2022
Primary completion
Nov 20, 2022
Completion
Nov 29, 2022
Last update
Dec 21, 2022

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Dec 2022. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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