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CompletedNCT05573152Updated Oct 10, 2022

Pre Warming Protocol Implementation in Operation Room

An interventional study of Control and Nursing in Hypothermia, sponsored by Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo. Completed at 1 site in Brazil. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2022-10-10.

Sponsored by Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
300
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Literature establishes that warming with a heated blanket before and during the operation is effective in the prevention of perioperative hypothermia, both in general anesthesia as well as spinal anesthesia. However, the trials have still not presented us with objective protocols to standardize this routine in the surgical centers.

The study aims to assess the adoption and reproduction of the implementation of the warning device by the nursing team immediately after the patient's entrance in the operating room, even before the entrance of the anesthesiologist.

Read the detailed description

After approval by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee, the patients for elective surgeries to be submitted to general and spinal anesthesia lasting 60 minutes or more held at the central operating center at Santa Casa de Misericórdia in São Paulo will be assessed over a period of 60 days. The patients will receive the necessary explanations on the research and, after obtaining the responsible consent for participating in the trial, they will be included.

Inclusion/exclusion criteria:

Inclusion - adults that will be submitted to general or spinal anesthesia in the central operating center at Santa Casa de Misericórdia in São Paulo.

Exclusion:

  • Patient over 18 years old;
  • Patients that are feverish/present with infectious symptoms
  • Refusal of the use of the device by the patient
  • Patient that does not tolerate the use of the blanket in the pre op. The study aims to assess over a period of 60 days the compliance to the protocol and the prewarming time with the use of the heated air flow device from the moment the patients enter the operating room until anesthesia induction. The heating device will be set up connected to the patient and to the motor with the activation of the system at 43°C by the nursing team. The monitoring of the times since the entrance of the patient in the operating room until the induction of the anesthesia will be controlled by a member of the anesthesia team (regardless of the room process).

All the patients scheduled with elective surgery predicted to last over 60 minutes will be selected and there will be an assessment of the number of cases in which the protocol was followed and the time of use of the warming device will be monitored from the installation entrance in the OR and before the anesthesia induction and every 30 minutes beginning of anesthesia, during the surgery until the end of the anesthetic procedure.

The variables to be assessed in the study are:

  • Age, gender, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), diseases, physical condition according to the American Anesthesiology Association classification;
  • Oral temperature measured at the following points:

    • M-entrance - entering the room and installation of the blanket
    • M-ind - from the moment after the induction of anesthesia;
    • M30, M60, M90, M120 = 30, 60, 90, 120 min after induction till the end of the anesthetic procedure; and the patients scheduled to general anesthesia will be also measured with esophagus thermometer
  • The protocol establishes the types of warm blankets available to be used for the different types of surgery;
  • Arterial oxygen saturation; heart beat; systolic and diastolic pressure and carbon dioxide expired:

    • At the entrance of the operating room;
    • Immediately after induction;
    • Every 30 minutes after induction until the patient leaves the operating room;
  • The type of surgery and anesthesia will be assessed among the pre-warming groups
  • Room temperature will be measured (at the entrance of the patient and after induction and at the end of surgery/anesthesia;
  • Presence of side effects. The need of blood transfusion will be assessed during surgery. There will be statistical assessment of the results, the significant statistical difference will be p\<0.05.
02

Conditions studied

  • Hypothermia

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Keywords

  • Body Temperature
  • Hypothermia
03

In context

Hypothermia

449 studies on the registry are indexed under Hypothermia; 54 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 300 is above the median of 77 across 328 interventional studies indexed under Hypothermia.

Browse Hypothermia studies →

Lead sponsor

Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo is the lead sponsor of 41 studies on the registry; 1 is open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Adults that will be submitted to general or spinal anesthesia in the surgical center of hospital central at Santa Casa de Misericórdia in São Paulo

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patient under 18 years old;
  • Patients that are feverish/present with infectious symptoms
  • Refusal of the use of the device by the patient
  • Patient that does not tolerate the use of the blanket in the pre op.
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
300 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Nursing

    Nursing Group (Nurse): the nursing team will use of the warming device air flow device from the moment the patients enter the operating room until anesthesia induction. The warming device will be set up connected to the patient and to the motor with the activation of the system at 43°C by the nursing team. The monitoring of the times since the entrance of the patient in the operating room until the induction of the anesthesia will be controlled by a member of the anesthesia team (regardless of the room process);

    Procedure: Control · Procedure: Nursing

Interventions

  • ProcedureControl

    All previously selected patients will be under passive warming by means of blankets

  • ProcedureNursing

    All previously selected patients will be under active air flow warming device at 43 Celsius

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Body temperature

    temperature from entrance in surgical room to ending of anesthesia state

    Time frame: 120 minutes

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo
    São Paulo, 01220-021, Brazil
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Vaughan MS, Vaughan RW, Cork RC. Postoperative hypothermia in adults: relationship of age, anesthesia, and shivering to rewarming. Anesth Analg. 1981 Oct;60(10):746-51. PubMed 7197479 ↗
  • Sessler DI. Perioperative thermoregulation and heat balance. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1997 Mar 15;813:757-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51779.x. PubMed 9100967 ↗
  • Sessler DI, Schroeder M, Merrifield B, Matsukawa T, Cheng C. Optimal duration and temperature of prewarming. Anesthesiology. 1995 Mar;82(3):674-81. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199503000-00009. PubMed 7879936 ↗
  • Hynson JM, Sessler DI, Glosten B, McGuire J. Thermal balance and tremor patterns during epidural anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1991 Apr;74(4):680-90. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199104000-00011. PubMed 2008950 ↗
  • Matsukawa T, Sessler DI, Sessler AM, Schroeder M, Ozaki M, Kurz A, Cheng C. Heat flow and distribution during induction of general anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1995 Mar;82(3):662-73. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199503000-00008. PubMed 7879935 ↗
  • Hendolin H, Lansimies E. Skin and central temperatures during continuous epidural analgesia and general anaesthesia in patients subjected to open prostatectomy. Ann Clin Res. 1982 Aug;14(4):181-6. PubMed 7168548 ↗
  • Insler SR, Sessler DI. Perioperative thermoregulation and temperature monitoring. Anesthesiol Clin. 2006 Dec;24(4):823-37. doi: 10.1016/j.atc.2006.09.001. PubMed 17342966 ↗
  • Kurz A, Sessler DI, Christensen R, Dechert M. Heat balance and distribution during the core-temperature plateau in anesthetized humans. Anesthesiology. 1995 Sep;83(3):491-9. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199509000-00007. PubMed 7661349 ↗
  • Hynson JM, Sessler DI, Moayeri A, McGuire J, Schroeder M. The effects of preinduction warming on temperature and blood pressure during propofol/nitrous oxide anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1993 Aug;79(2):219-28, discussion 21A-22A. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199308000-00005. PubMed 8342834 ↗
  • Sessler DI, Moayeri A. Skin-surface warming: heat flux and central temperature. Anesthesiology. 1990 Aug;73(2):218-24. PubMed 2382847 ↗
  • Neubauer RA, James P. Cerebral oxygenation and the recoverable brain. Neurol Res. 1998;20 Suppl 1:S33-6. doi: 10.1080/01616412.1998.11740606. PubMed 9584921 ↗
  • Vanni SM, Braz JR, Modolo NS, Amorim RB, Rodrigues GR Jr. Preoperative combined with intraoperative skin-surface warming avoids hypothermia caused by general anesthesia and surgery. J Clin Anesth. 2003 Mar;15(2):119-25. doi: 10.1016/s0952-8180(02)00512-3. PubMed 12719051 ↗
  • Kurz A, Kurz M, Poeschl G, Faryniak B, Redl G, Hackl W. Forced-air warming maintains intraoperative normothermia better than circulating-water mattresses. Anesth Analg. 1993 Jul;77(1):89-95. doi: 10.1213/00000539-199307000-00018. PubMed 8317754 ↗
  • Matsuzaki Y, Matsukawa T, Ohki K, Yamamoto Y, Nakamura M, Oshibuchi T. Warming by resistive heating maintains perioperative normothermia as well as forced air heating. Br J Anaesth. 2003 May;90(5):689-91. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeg106. PubMed 12697600 ↗
  • Torrie JJ, Yip P, Robinson E. Comparison of forced-air warming and radiant heating during transurethral prostatic resection under spinal anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2005 Dec;33(6):733-8. doi: 10.1177/0310057X0503300605. PubMed 16398377 ↗
  • Hynson JM, Sessler DI. Intraoperative warming therapies: a comparison of three devices. J Clin Anesth. 1992 May-Jun;4(3):194-9. doi: 10.1016/0952-8180(92)90064-8. PubMed 1610573 ↗
  • Horn EP, Bein B, Bohm R, Steinfath M, Sahili N, Hocker J. The effect of short time periods of pre-operative warming in the prevention of peri-operative hypothermia. Anaesthesia. 2012 Jun;67(6):612-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2012.07073.x. Epub 2012 Feb 29. PubMed 22376088 ↗
09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Jul 2015 to primary completion in Feb 2016, 7 months.

Of 132 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Hypothermia, half reached primary completion within 16 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 6 and three quarters within 36. This study's 7 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 135 studies reached it within 16 months; a quarter within 6 and three quarters within 36.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jun 17, 2015
First posted
Oct 10, 2022
StartActual
Jul 2015
Primary completionActual
Feb 2016
CompletionActual
Feb 2016
Last update
Oct 10, 2022
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Oct 10, 2022, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05573152
Lead sponsor
Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Oct 10, 2022
Start date
Jul 2015
Primary completion
Feb 2016
Completion
Feb 2016
Last update
Oct 10, 2022

Study contacts

Ricardo Caio G De Bernardis, MD, Ph.D
principal investigator · Irmandade Santa Casa deMisericórdia de São Paulo

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Oct 2022. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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