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RecruitingNCT05463289ACCESS2Updated Sep 23, 2026

ACCESS 2: AI for pediatriC diabetiC Eye examS Study 2

An interventional study of Point of Care Autonomous AI diabetic retinopathy exam in Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes and Cystic Fibrosis-related Diabetes, sponsored by Johns Hopkins University. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 8 Years to 21 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-23.

Sponsored by Johns Hopkins University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Screening

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Jul 2022; still recruiting 4 years 4 months later.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
500
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
8 Years to 21 Years
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 1,458 studies in Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 with a site in United States — 191 open to participants now, 259 under way, 17 of them phase 3. Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 · United States.

Planned enrollment
54th of 1,242
500 · median 40
Started
2022
with 61 others
No phase
614 of 1,458
99 open now
Primary completion
2026-12
later than 69 of 258 live
Registered
1,185th of 1,458
by date

Among the 1,458 studies in Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 with a site in United States, this one is the 54th largest by planned enrollment of the 1,242 interventional ones, is one of 62 that started in 2022, is one of 614 with no phase, reaches primary completion later than 69 of the 258 other live ones, and was the 1,185th registered.

By phase

1,458 studies; the count open now beside each. This study's row is marked.

No phasethis study614 · 99 open
Observational203 · 35 open
Phase 2188 · 24 open
Phase 1147 · 11 open
Phase 3147 · 10 open
Phase 474 · 4 open
Phase 1/259 · 8 open
Phase 2/320 · 0 open
Other kind6 · 0 open

By the year they started

First in 1983; this study’s year is marked. 62 started in 2022.

Size and results

Median enrollment 40 across the 1,242 interventional studies, 64 across the 203 observational. Of the 1,117 that completed or were terminated, 562 (50%) have results posted.

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Watch this landscapeDownload CSVWith an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 1,458 studies in Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 with a site in United States, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to determine if use of a nonmydriatic fundus camera using autonomous artificial intelligence software at the point of care increases the proportion of underserved youth with diabetes screened for diabetic retinopathy, and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the autonomous AI system in detecting diabetic retinopathy from retinal images of youth with diabetes.

Read the detailed description

This study will recruit up to 500 individuals ages 8-21 with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. In this study, participants will undergo a point-of-care diabetic eye exam using autonomous AI software on a non-mydriatic fundus camera. Participants will receive the diabetic eye exam results immediately from the autonomous AI system, and if abnormal will be referred to an eye care provider for a dilated eye exam.

In the AI for ChildrenS Diabetic Eye ExamS Study (ACCESS2), 398 participants will be enrolled to determine if point of care autonomous AI increases the proportion of minority and underserved youth screened for diabetic retinopathy. The autonomous AI interpretation will also be compared to consensus grading of retinal specialists to determine if there is agreement and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the system in youth.

A cohort of youth with known diabetic retinopathy (true positives) will also be enrolled as an enriched population to determine the diagnostic accuracy of autonomous AI compared to the prognostic standard interpretation of a central reading center.

03

Conditions studied

  • Type 1 Diabetes
  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Cystic Fibrosis-related Diabetes

Keywords

  • Diabetic Retinopathy
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
8 Years to 21 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

Meets American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria for diabetic retinopathy screening:

  • Diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes for ≥3 years, and age 11 or in puberty
  • Diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes

Enriched cohort:

  • Patients with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes,
  • 8-21 years of age with known diabetic retinopathy (true positives).
  • No time limit on last diabetic eye exam.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Known diabetic eye exam in the last 12 months
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Screening
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
500 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Other
    Diabetic Retinopathy Exam at the point of care

    Participants will undergo a point of care diabetic retinopathy eye exam using autonomous AI. Those that test positive will be referred to Eye Care Provider for dilated eye exam.

    Diagnostic Test: Point of Care Autonomous AI diabetic retinopathy exam

Interventions

  • Diagnostic testPoint of Care Autonomous AI diabetic retinopathy exam

    Participants will undergo point-of-care diabetic retinopathy screening using autonomous artificial intelligence software to interpret retinal images taken with a non-mydriatic fundus camera and providing an immediate result.

    Also known as: IDx-DR

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Proportion screened for diabetic retinopathy

    Equivalence in proportion screened for diabetic retinopathy of white and non-white youth with autonomous AI

    Time frame: Day 1

Secondary outcomes

  1. Percentage of agreement in interpretation of retinal images

    Agreement in interpretation of retinal images between autonomous AI and consensus grading by ophthalmologists

    Time frame: Day 1

  2. Sensitivity of autonomous AI vs. prognostic standard

    Sensitivity of autonomous AI in detecting diabetic retinopathy in youth compared to the prognostic standard. This will be analyzed in the ACCESS2 trial cohort alone, and also in the ACCESS2 trial cohort with the enriched cohort of youth with known diabetic retinopathy.

    Time frame: Day 1

  3. Specificity of autonomous AI vs. prognostic standard

    Specificity of autonomous AI in detecting diabetic retinopathy in youth compared to the prognostic standard. This will be analyzed in the ACCESS2 trial cohort alone, and also in the ACCESS2 trial cohort with the enriched cohort of youth with known diabetic retinopathy.

    Time frame: Day 1

  4. Proportion with diabetic retinopathy

    Proportion of participants with diabetic retinopathy, including none, mild, moderate or severe DR.

    Time frame: Day 1

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • Johns Hopkins Pediatric Diabetes Center
    Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
    Recruiting
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Channa R, Wolf R, Abramoff MD. Autonomous Artificial Intelligence in Diabetic Retinopathy: From Algorithm to Clinical Application. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2021 May;15(3):695-698. doi: 10.1177/1932296820909900. Epub 2020 Mar 4. PubMed 32126819 ↗
  • Thomas CG, Channa R, Prichett L, Liu TYA, Abramoff MD, Wolf RM. Racial/Ethnic Disparities and Barriers to Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in Youths. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021 Jul 1;139(7):791-795. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.1551. PubMed 34042939 ↗
  • Wolf RM, Channa R, Abramoff MD, Lehmann HP. Cost-effectiveness of Autonomous Point-of-Care Diabetic Retinopathy Screening for Pediatric Patients With Diabetes. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020 Oct 1;138(10):1063-1069. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.3190. PubMed 32880616 ↗
  • Wolf RM, Liu TYA, Thomas C, Prichett L, Zimmer-Galler I, Smith K, Abramoff MD, Channa R. The SEE Study: Safety, Efficacy, and Equity of Implementing Autonomous Artificial Intelligence for Diagnosing Diabetic Retinopathy in Youth. Diabetes Care. 2021 Mar;44(3):781-787. doi: 10.2337/dc20-1671. Epub 2021 Jan 21. PubMed 33479160 ↗
  • Porter M, Channa R, Wagner J, Prichett L, Liu TYA, Wolf RM. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in children and adolescents at an urban tertiary eye care center. Pediatr Diabetes. 2020 Aug;21(5):856-862. doi: 10.1111/pedi.13037. Epub 2020 May 31. PubMed 32410329 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Jul 2022 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Dec 2026, 53 months after the start.

Of 844 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, half reached primary completion within 19 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 38. This study's planned 53 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 949 studies reached it within 18 months; a quarter within 9 and three quarters within 35.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jul 14, 2022
First posted
Jul 18, 2022
StartActual
Jul 11, 2022
Primary completionEst.
Dec 30, 2026
CompletionEst.
Dec 30, 2026
Last update
Sep 23, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 23, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05463289
Collaborators
National Eye Institute (NEI), Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Jul 18, 2022
Start date
Jul 11, 2022
Primary completion
Dec 30, 2026 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 30, 2026 (estimated)
Last update
Sep 23, 2026

Study contacts

Risa M Wolf, MD
Contact
RWolf@jhu.edu
4109556463
Alvin Liu, MD
Contact
tliu25@jhmi.edu
Risa M Wolf, MD
principal investigator · Johns Hopkins University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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