ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT05294432Updated Mar 25, 2025

Validation of the Pain Relief Measure

An observational study in Chronic Pain, sponsored by Wilderman Medical Clinic. Completed at 1 site in Canada. Open to participants aged 40 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-03-25.

Sponsored by Wilderman Medical Clinic · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
97
Ages
40 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to provide evidence for the empirical and clinical utility of a novel pain relief measure, the IPR, dimensions of which will be validated against the present gold standards for pain measurement.

Read the detailed description

There are a number of validated unidimensional and multidimensional tools used to measure pain levels. The present widely used in clinical practice standard measure of pain relief in patients experiencing acute or chronic pain is a change in the numerical rating scale (NRS) score. NRS is a unidimensional scale that requires patients to mark their pain level from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain). The NRS provides practitioners with pain levels pre-and-post treatment and is used as an indication of treatment efficacy. A significant limitation of the NRS, however, is that it provides an estimation of a single dimension of pain, pain intensity. Pain and pain relief, on the other hand, may have many dimensions including pain intensity, duration and magnitude of pain relief. Current multidimensional measures fail to capture duration of pain relief, thus there is a necessity to improve pain assessment tools. The integral of pain relief (IPR) is a novel two-dimensional measure of pain relief and duration of pain relief following treatment and may provide a more accurate depiction of post-treatment pain as well as intervention effectiveness. In this prospective cohort study, we intend to assess the validity of the IPR using validated measures of change in pain intensity (NRS), and the Patients' Global Impression of Change (PGIC) as well as The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) in patients treated with corticosteroid injections for the osteoarthritis of knee joint.

The primary objectives of this study include:

  • Compare pre- and post-treatment scores of the i) IPR dimensions (post-treatment), ii) NRS (pre- and post-treatment), iii) PGIC (post-treatment), and iv) WOMAC (pre- and post-treatment) in patients with knee osteoarthritis treated with intra-articular corticosteroid injections.
  • Provide preliminary validation for the Integral of Pain Relief as a clinical assessment tool of post-treatment pain relief and treatment efficacy.

Secondary objectives of this study include:

  • Assess whether baseline patient characteristics such as pre-treatment pain intensity score, disease-associated pain duration, age, gender, co-morbidity with diabetes, symptoms of either depression or anxiety, or both, litigation status, occupation, and level of education are important predictors to responses on the four pain outcome measures.
  • Assess patients' impression of their usage of the daily pain diary versus providing the percentage and duration of pain relief at follow up time points.
02

Conditions studied

  • Chronic Pain

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Keywords

  • Pain Relief
  • Pain Relief Measurement Tool
  • Integral of Pain Relief
  • Chronic Pain Clinical Practice
03

In context

Chronic Pain

3,227 studies on the registry are indexed under Chronic Pain; 729 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 97 is below the median of 120 across 753 observational studies indexed under Chronic Pain.

Browse Chronic Pain studies →

Lead sponsor

Wilderman Medical Clinic is the lead sponsor of 2 studies on the registry; 1 is open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
40 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Patients of Wilderman Medical Clinic ≥40 years of age diagnosed with symptomatic Osteoarthritis of the Knee who are prescribed at least one corticosteroid intra-articular injection into the knee.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Given written to participate in the study
  • Male or female ≥40 years of age
  • Diagnosis of unilateral or bilateral OA of the knee for at least 6 months prior to Screening requiring the use of regular therapies.
  • If bilateral OA exists, pain in the contralateral knee must be less than pain in the index knee as reported by patient
  • Index knee pain on most days (>15) over the last month
  • Mean score of ≥4 and ≤9 on the 24-hr average pain score (0-10 NRS) using the average daily ratings at least 5 out of 7 days prior to Day 1(Baseline)
  • Have been prescribed and scheduled to receive at least one (triamcinolone) injection to the affected knee
  • Willingness and ability to comply with the study procedures and visit schedules and the ability to follow verbal and written instructions

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Lack of signed Form
  • Age less than 40 years old
  • Have any to administration of medication by intra-articular injection
  • Patients with diagnoses of fibromyalgia, chronic pain syndrome, or other concurrent medical or arthritic conditions which could interfere with the evaluation of the index knee
  • Patients with diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, or any other form of inflammatory arthritis
  • Planned/anticipated surgery in the affected area within 3 months during the study period.
  • Previous intra-articular corticosteroid injection into the index joint within 3 months prior to Screening
  • Concomitant treatment with corticosteroid or other injections into the index joint (e.g. prolotherapy) within 3 months during the study period
  • Concomitant treatment with oral or topical (to the index knee) corticosteroids within 3 months during the study period (except inhaled, intranasal, or topical applied not to the index knee)
  • Any other drug/biologic applied to affected area within 3 months during the study period
  • Diagnosis of dementia or other cognitive impairments that would preclude questionnaires completion
  • Any acute or chronic medical conditions that, in the judgment of Investigator, would preclude the use of corticosteroid injections or that could compromise patient safety, limit the patient's ability to complete the study, and/or compromise the objectives of the study
  • Participation in any other clinical study within 3 months prior to Screening and during the study period.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(5)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Corticosteroids (steroids)

Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.

Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

Investigational drug or device

A drug or device being studied in a clinical trial.

It may be new, or already approved and being studied for another use, dose or form. Criteria often leave out people who took part in another study of one within a recent period, commonly 30 days or five half-lives.

Clinically significant

Judged by the study doctor to matter for your health or for the study. It is a doctor’s decision, so ask the study team if you are unsure whether something counts.

05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
97 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • Single Group

    Patients of Wilderman Medical Clinic diagnosed with symptomatic Osteoarthritis of the Knee who were prescribed with at least one intra-articular corticosteroid injection.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Integral of Pain Relief (dimensions)

    Patient's reported percentage (%) and duration of pain relief (days)

    Time frame: Post-interventional at week 2

  2. Integral of Pain Relief (dimensions)

    Patient's reported percentage (%) and duration of pain relief (days)

    Time frame: Post-interventional at week 4

  3. Integral of Pain Relief (dimensions)

    Patient's reported percentage (%) and duration of pain relief (days)

    Time frame: Post-interventional at week 6

  4. Integral of Pain Relief (dimensions)

    Patient's reported percentage (%) and duration of pain relief (days)

    Time frame: Post-interventional at week 8

  5. Integral of Pain Relief (dimensions)

    Patient's reported percentage (%) and duration of pain relief (days)

    Time frame: Post-interventional at week 12

  6. Change in Pain Intensity Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score

    Change in average daily (24-hr) pain intensity scores (NRS) from baseline to 2 weeks post-interventional. Numeric Rating Scale pain intensity score is recorded daily via pain diary starting from day -7 (one week before baseline). Numeric Rating Scale pain intensity score is recorded daily via pain diary. Numeric Rating Scale is a one-dimensional measure of pain intensity. The pain intensity is rated by participant using a scale from 0 to 10, 0 being the least (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable).

    Time frame: Baseline, post-interventional at week 2

  7. Pain Intensity Numeric Rating Scale

    Change in average daily (24-hr) pain intensity scores from baseline to 4 weeks post-interventional. Numeric Rating Scale pain intensity score is recorded daily via pain diary starting from day -7 (one week before baseline). Numeric Rating Scale pain intensity score is recorded daily via pain diary. Numeric Rating Scale is a one-dimensional measure of pain intensity. The pain intensity is rated by participant using a scale from 0 to 10, 0 being the least (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable).

    Time frame: Baseline, post-interventional at week 4

  8. Pain Intensity Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)

    Change in average daily (24-hr) pain intensity scores (NRS) from baseline to 6 weeks post-interventional. Numeric Rating Scale pain intensity score is recorded daily via pain diary starting from day -7 (one week before baseline). Numeric Rating Scale pain intensity score is recorded daily via pain diary. Numeric Rating Scale is a one-dimensional measure of pain intensity. The pain intensity is rated by participant using a scale from 0 to 10, 0 being the least (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable).

    Time frame: Baseline, post-interventional at week 6

  9. Pain Intensity Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)

    Change in average daily (24-hr) pain intensity scores (NRS) from baseline to 8 weeks post-interventional. Numeric Rating Scale pain intensity score is recorded daily via pain diary starting from day -7 (one week before baseline). Numeric Rating Scale pain intensity score is recorded daily via pain diary. Numeric Rating Scale is a one-dimensional measure of pain intensity. The pain intensity is rated by participant using a scale from 0 to 10, 0 being the least (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable).

    Time frame: Baseline, post-interventional at week 8

  10. Pain Intensity Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)

    Change in average daily (24-hr) pain intensity scores (NRS) from baseline to 12 weeks post-interventional. Numeric Rating Scale pain intensity score is recorded daily via pain diary starting from day -7 (one week before baseline). Numeric Rating Scale pain intensity score is recorded daily via pain diary. Numeric Rating Scale is a one-dimensional measure of pain intensity. The pain intensity is rated by participant using a scale from 0 to 10, 0 being the least (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable).

    Time frame: Baseline, post-interventional at week 12

  11. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC® 3.1) Osteoarthritis Index

    Change in total score from baseline to 2 weeks post-interventional. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC® 3.1) Osteoarthritis Index is a Likert 5 point scale for pain, stiffness and function domains. Activities in each domain are rated by a study participant according to the following scale of difficulty: 0 = None, 1 = Slight, 2 = Moderate, 3 = Very, 4 = Extremely.

    Time frame: Baseline, post-interventional at weeks 2

  12. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC® 3.1) Osteoarthritis Index

    Change in total score from baseline to 4 weeks post-interventional. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC® 3.1) Osteoarthritis Index is a Likert 5 point scale for pain, stiffness and function domains. Activities in each domain are rated by a study participant according to the following scale of difficulty: 0 = None, 1 = Slight, 2 = Moderate, 3 = Very, 4 = Extremely.

    Time frame: Baseline, post-interventional at week 4

  13. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC® 3.1) Osteoarthritis Index

    Change in total score from baseline to 6 weeks post-interventional. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC® 3.1) Osteoarthritis Index is a Likert 5 point scale for pain, stiffness and function domains. Activities in each domain are rated by a study participant according to the following scale of difficulty: 0 = None, 1 = Slight, 2 = Moderate, 3 = Very, 4 = Extremely.

    Time frame: Baseline, post-interventional at week 6

  14. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC® 3.1) Osteoarthritis Index

    Change in total score from baseline to 8 weeks post-interventional. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC® 3.1) Osteoarthritis Index is a Likert 5 point scale for pain, stiffness and function domains. Activities in each domain are rated by a study participant according to the following scale of difficulty: 0 = None, 1 = Slight, 2 = Moderate, 3 = Very, 4 = Extremely.

    Time frame: Baseline, post-interventional at week 8

  15. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC® 3.1) Osteoarthritis Index

    Change in total score from baseline to 12 weeks post-interventional. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC® 3.1) Osteoarthritis Index is a Likert 5 point scale for pain, stiffness and function domains. Activities in each domain are rated by a study participant according to the following scale of difficulty: 0 = None, 1 = Slight, 2 = Moderate, 3 = Very, 4 = Extremely.

    Time frame: Baseline, post-interventional at week 12

  16. Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC)

    Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scores from Baseline to 2 weeks post-interventional. Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC) is a 7-point single item scale ranging from "very much worse" to "very much improved" with "no change" with "no change" at mid-point that evaluated improvement in overall status with treatment during clinical trial.

    Time frame: Post-interventional at week 2

  17. Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC)

    Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scores from Baseline to 4 weeks post-interventional. Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC) is a 7-point single item scale ranging from "very much worse" to "very much improved" with "no change" with "no change" at mid-point that evaluated improvement in overall status with treatment during clinical trial.

    Time frame: Post-interventional at week 4

  18. Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC)

    Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scores from Baseline to 6 weeks post-interventional. Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC) is a 7-point single item scale ranging from "very much worse" to "very much improved" with "no change" with "no change" at mid-point that evaluated improvement in overall status with treatment during clinical trial.

    Time frame: Post-interventional at week 6

  19. Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC)

    Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scores from Baseline to 8 weeks post-interventional. Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC) is a 7-point single item scale ranging from "very much worse" to "very much improved" with "no change" with "no change" at mid-point that evaluated improvement in overall status with treatment during clinical trial.

    Time frame: Post-interventional at week 8

  20. Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC)

    Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scores from Baseline to 12 weeks post-interventional. Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC) is a 7-point single item scale ranging from "very much worse" to "very much improved" with "no change" with "no change" at mid-point that evaluated improvement in overall status with treatment during clinical trial.

    Time frame: Post-interventional at week 12

Secondary outcomes

  1. Use of Analgesic Medication

    Change in average consumption of analgesic medication (days) as per patient's daily diary from baseline to 2 weeks post-interventional.

    Time frame: Baseline, Post-intervention at week 2

  2. Use of Analgesic Medication

    Change in average consumption of analgesic medication (days) as per patient's daily diary from baseline to 4 weeks post-interventional.

    Time frame: Baseline, Post-intervention at week 4

  3. Use of Analgesic Medication

    Change in average consumption of analgesic medication (days) as per patient's daily diary from baseline to 6 weeks post-interventional.

    Time frame: Baseline, Post-intervention at week 6

  4. Use of Analgesic Medication

    Change in average consumption of analgesic medication (days) as per patient's daily diary from baseline to 8 weeks post-interventional.

    Time frame: Baseline, Post-intervention at week 8

  5. Use of Analgesic Medication

    Change in average consumption of analgesic medication (days) as per patient's daily diary from baseline to 12 weeks post-interventional.

    Time frame: Baseline, Post-intervention at week 12

  6. Patient's Survey

    Patient's impression on completing daily pain diary versus providing percentage and duration of pain relief

    Time frame: Post-interventional at 12 weeks

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Wilderman Medical Clinic
    Thornhill, Ontario L4J 1W3, Canada
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Mar 25, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05294432
Lead sponsor
Wilderman Medical Clinic
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Mar 24, 2022
Start date
Mar 28, 2019
Primary completion
Oct 21, 2024
Completion
Oct 21, 2024
Last update
Mar 25, 2025

Study contacts

Igor Wilderman, MD
principal investigator · Wilderman Medical Clinic

Oversight

FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Mar 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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