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CompletedNCT05285254Updated Mar 17, 2022

The Impact of the Certified Child Life Specialist on Children's Pain During Immunizations

An interventional study of Certified Child Life Specialist Support in Pain, sponsored by Mayo Clinic. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 4 Years to 12 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2022-03-17.

Sponsored by Mayo Clinic · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 8 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Jun 2021, registered Mar 2022).
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
126
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
4 Years to 12 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to provide the first systematic evidence that Certified Child Life Specialists reduce pain during vaccine administration and improve caregiver visit satisfaction in the pediatric primary care setting.

02

Conditions studied

  • Pain

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03

In context

Pain

2,450 studies on the registry are indexed under Pain; 945 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 126 is above the median of 70 across 2,101 interventional studies indexed under Pain.

Browse Pain studies →

Lead sponsor

Mayo Clinic is the lead sponsor of 3,263 studies on the registry; 670 are open to participants now.

Of its 450 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 318 (71%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
4 Years to 12 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Children 4-12 years of age presenting to MCHS Red Wing for a well child examination and vaccine administration.
  • Parents or caregivers of any age presenting to well child examination with child.
  • Legal guardians of all participants must provide verbal consent.
  • Patients must provide verbal assent for participation.Verbal assent will be waived for children younger than 6 years.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Children with autism or other severe developmental disabilities.
  • Children must be able to communicate pain before and after vaccine administration using the FPS-R.
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Supportive care
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
126 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Immunization Administration with Certified Child Life Specialist Support (CCLS)

    Nursing will administer immunizations to children with the support of a CCLS

    Other: Certified Child Life Specialist Support

  • No intervention
    Current Standard of Care for Immunization Administration

    Nursing will administer immunizations to children per their current standard of care.

Interventions

  • OtherCertified Child Life Specialist Support

    Provides psychosocial care to children and families confronting stressful and painful situations

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Patient-reported pain

    Measured using the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R). This is a self-report measure of pain validated for children ages 4-16 years of age and approved for the assessment of pediatric pain at Mayo Clinic. The scale utilizes different faces to score the sensation of pain on a 0-to-10 metric.

    Time frame: Post vaccine administration, approximately 1 hour

  2. Observed Negative Emotional Responses

    Measured using the Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale (CEMS). The CEMS consists of five categories (facial expression, vocalization, activity, interaction, and level of cooperation) with each category scored from 1 to 5, with summed scores from 5 to 25. Higher scores represent more negative emotional behaviors. The scale was initially validated for children 7-12 years of age but has been subsequently used by other studies for children as young as 4 years of age.

    Time frame: Post vaccine administration, approximately 1 hour

Secondary outcomes

  1. Caregiver visit satisfaction

    Measured by a caregiver satisfaction survey. This is a self-report 6-item survey to rate satisfaction level during child's immunization on a scale of 1=very satisfied and 5=dissatisfied.

    Time frame: Post vaccine administration, approximately 1 hour

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Mayo Clinic Health System - Red Wing
    Red Wing, Minnesota 55066, United States
08

References and documents

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Mar 17, 2022, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05285254
Lead sponsor
Mayo Clinic
Responsible party
Seth W. Gregory (Principal Investigator, Mayo Clinic) — Principal investigator
First posted
Mar 17, 2022
Start date
Jun 28, 2021
Primary completion
Jul 30, 2021
Completion
Jul 30, 2021
Last update
Mar 17, 2022

Study contacts

Seth Gregory, MD
principal investigator · Mayo Clinic

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Mar 2022. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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