An interventional study of GENUS device (Active Settings) and GENUS device (Sham settings) in Parkinson Disease, sponsored by Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 45 Years to 90 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-03-31.
Sponsored by Massachusetts Institute of Technology · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care
Parkinson's disease (PD) impacts different types of neural oscillations in the brain, including beta (13-30Hz) and gamma oscillations (30-80Hz), which contributes to PD's cardinal symptoms of resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and gait instability. The investigators' lab has developed a non-invasive method of increasing gamma power in the brain using Gamma Entrainment Using Sensory Stimulation (GENUS) through light, sound, and tactile stimulation devices. For this study, 40 participants with mild Parkinson's disease will be recruited, and the investigators will assess their brain waves with electroencephalogram (EEG) before, during, and after light, sound, and tactile stimulation to determine the safety, feasibility, and optimization of GENUS as a potential therapy in the PD population.
It is known that Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have disruptions in brain waves, specifically the beta frequency (13 - 30Hz) and gamma frequency (\~30 - 100 Hz), due to the death of dopaminergic neurons in certain parts of the brain. These disruptions of brain rhythms contribute to the cardinal symptoms of Parkinson's (resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia or slowness of movement and gait stability) in different ways. The investigators' lab has developed a non-invasive method of neuromodulation called Gamma Entrainment Using Sensory Stimulation (GENUS), which could be used for patients suffering from motor symptoms due to PD. GENUS is administered via light, sound, and tactile stimulation devices which emit light, audio, and tactile frequencies respectively. GENUS has been tested on cognitively normal individuals and individuals with mild Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and the device was found to be safe for use and effective for entrainment in both populations.
Investigators hypothesize that boosting gamma oscillations using 40Hz GENUS will augment movement and improve tremor and bradykinesia in PD patients. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine whether gamma entrainment through non-invasive 40Hz sensory stimulation can be observed in patients with PD as measured by electroencephalogram (EEG) during an acute stimulation session. Investigators also hope to determine whether the GENUS devices are safe and easy to use in the PD population.
The investigators will recruit 40 participants diagnosed with mild PD who will be randomly assigned to two study arms: control stimulation and active 40Hz stimulation. Participants will be asked to do a series of movement exercises while wearing an actigraphy watch that tracks their activity before the stimulation session. Cognitive and mental health evaluations and memory tests will also be performed on all participants before and after exposure to the GENUS devices, which can deliver light, sound, and tactile waves at different frequencies. The first GENUS device is composed of a panel with light-emitting diode (LED) illumination and speakers for auditory stimulation, whilst the second device is composed of a small vibrating speaker for tactile stimulation. Each of the two groups will have different combinations of light, sound, and tactile settings.
4,573 studies on the registry are indexed under Parkinson Disease; 1,086 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 40 is close to the median of 40 across 3,353 interventional studies indexed under Parkinson Disease.
Browse Parkinson Disease studies →Massachusetts Institute of Technology is the lead sponsor of 34 studies on the registry; 11 are open to participants now.
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Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Short tests of memory and thinking, each scored out of 30. Lower scores suggest more difficulty; criteria give a range, either to include people with memory problems or to leave them out.
A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.
The study doctor’s estimate of how long someone is likely to live. Criteria use it so that people can stay in the study long enough for it to answer its question.
MMSE and MoCA
Short tests of memory and thinking, each scored out of 30. Lower scores suggest more difficulty; criteria give a range, either to include people with memory problems or to leave them out.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Contraindication
A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Life expectancy
The study doctor’s estimate of how long someone is likely to live. Criteria use it so that people can stay in the study long enough for it to answer its question.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Exposure to active sensory stimulation (40Hz) for 30-60 minutes.
Device: GENUS device (Active Settings)
Exposure to control stimulation (sham) for 30-60 minutes.
Device: GENUS device (Sham settings)
Participants in the active, experimental group will use the GENUS devices configured to active (40Hz) setting for 30-60 minutes
Also known as: Gamma Frequency Stimulation, Light and Sound stimulation, Tactile stimulation
Participants in the control group will use the GENUS devices configured to the sham settings for 30-60 minutes
Also known as: Gamma frequency stimulation, Light and Sound stimulation, Tactile Stimulation
Feasibility of gamma frequency stimulation
Feasibility of gamma frequency stimulation in subjects with mild PD will be assessed by analyzing the EEG data from each subject for a sign of change in gamma frequency waves and determining the percent of subjects who show this change.
Time frame: Immediately after completing the stimulation
Incidence of Stimulation-Related Adverse Events
Tolerability and safety of gamma frequency stimulation will be assessed by using a questionnaire asking for the subjects' overall experience with the stimulation and denoting any adverse effects.
Time frame: Immediately after the completion of the stimulation
Changes in cognitive performance after gamma frequency stimulation
Exploratory measure to check if there is any change in cognitive performance, between baseline and immediately after the completion of stimulation. The CANTAB testing battery will be used to test for attention, memory, psychomotor speed, and executive function.
Time frame: baseline and immediately after the completion of the stimulation
Plan to share: No
Started Feb 2022 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Nov 2027, 68 months after the start.
Of 1,291 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Parkinson Disease, half reached primary completion within 24 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 11 and three quarters within 44. This study's planned 68 months is above that.
Counting every sponsor, half of 1,367 studies reached it within 25 months; a quarter within 11 and three quarters within 44.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology