An observational study in Hip Osteoarthritis and Total Hip Arthroplasty, sponsored by Hasselt University. Status unknown at 2 sites in Belgium. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2022-03-04.
Sponsored by Hasselt University · Observational
This prospective longitudinal cohort study aims (1) to identify clinical phenotypes in persons with hip osteoarthritis and after total hip arthroplasty, and (2) to identify prognostic factors for outcomes after total hip arthroplasty.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of pain and disability worldwide, with more than 300 million people currently affected by the disease. The hip joint is clinically one of the most affected locations of OA. Each year, more than 40 million prevalent cases and more than 2 million incident cases of hip OA are reported worldwide. The global prevalence and incidence of hip OA are expected to increase considerably in the upcoming decades, as a result of the aging population and an increasing prevalence of risk factors such as obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Since the population with hip OA is highly heterogeneous, individualized care pathways are needed instead of the current one-size-fits-all approach in clinical management. The identification of distinct subgroups within the population with hip OA might offer a foundation for individualized care pathways with the potential improvement of clinical outcomes. Therefore, the first aim of this longitudinal prospective cohort study is to identify clinical phenotypes in persons with hip osteoarthritis based on a set of contributing biopsychosocial variables, and to compare these phenotypes in terms of pain and disability before and after total hip arthroplasty (THA).
Correspondingly with the increasing prevalence and incidence of hip OA, the mean utilization rate of hip implants per 100.000 inhabitants in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries is expected to increase from 145 in 2010 to 275 in 2050. Annually, more than 30.000 THA's are performed in Belgium. This number is growing considerably, especially in younger, working-age patients. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a cost-effective procedure in patients with end-stage hip OA. However, previous studies have reported that 8% of patients are dissatisfied with the outcome, and up to 23% of patients report long-term pain after THA. Furthermore, over 30% of patients report activity limitations and about 25% of patients report participation restrictions after THA. An important step towards understanding and improving outcomes after THA is prognostic factor research. Therefore, the second aim of this clinical study is to identify prognostic factors for outcomes of pain and disability after THA in persons with hip OA.
In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, 200 persons undergoing total hip arthroplasty for hip OA will be followed one-year post-surgery. Participants are recruited at the orthopaedic department of 'Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg' in Genk and at 'de heuppraktijk' in Herselt. Participants will be assessed on a set of biopsychosocial variables, including pain-related fear-avoidance behavior, perceived injustice, psychopathology, traumatic experiences, social support, and self-efficacy. Furthermore, the somatosensory function will be assessed with thermal quantitative sensory testing (QST) and muscle strength will be assessed with a handheld dynamometer (MicroFet 2). Outcome measures include the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), the OARSI recommended minimum core set of performance-based outcome measures (PBMs), the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), Pain intensity (NPRS), Global Perceived Effect (GPE), and satisfaction (NRS). All these measurements will be performed before surgery, as well as 6 weeks, 3 months, and 12 months after surgery. Pain-related fear-avoidance behavior, perceived injustice, anxiety, depression, and pain will be assessed in the early postoperative phase.
4,398 studies on the registry are indexed under Osteoarthritis; 582 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 200 is above the median of 100 across 791 observational studies indexed under Osteoarthritis.
Browse Osteoarthritis studies →Hasselt University is the lead sponsor of 195 studies on the registry; 30 are open to participants now.
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Persons with hip osteoarthritis who will undergo THA
Exclusion Criteria:
Patients with hip osteoarthritis who will undergo total hip arthroplasty
Procedure: Total Hip Arthroplasty
Direct Anterior Approach (DAA) Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA)
Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS)
The HOOS is a self-reported questionnaire for evaluating symptoms and disability in patients with hip complaints. The questionnaire has been validated in Dutch and consists of 40 items, divided into five subscales: symptoms (5 items), pain (10 items), functioning in activities of daily living (ADL)(17 items), functioning in sport and recreation (4 items), and quality of life (4 items). Each question is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, in which a higher score reflects fewer complaints. A normalized score from 0 to 100 is calculated for the total scale, and for each subscale individually.
Time frame: 1 week before THA
Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS)
The HOOS is a self-reported questionnaire for evaluating symptoms and disability in patients with hip complaints. The questionnaire has been validated in Dutch and consists of 40 items, divided into five subscales: symptoms (5 items), pain (10 items), functioning in activities of daily living (ADL)(17 items), functioning in sport and recreation (4 items), and quality of life (4 items). Each question is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, in which a higher score reflects fewer complaints. A normalized score from 0 to 100 is calculated for the total scale, and for each subscale individually.
Time frame: 6 weeks after THA
Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS)
The HOOS is a self-reported questionnaire for evaluating symptoms and disability in patients with hip complaints. The questionnaire has been validated in Dutch and consists of 40 items, divided into five subscales: symptoms (5 items), pain (10 items), functioning in activities of daily living (ADL)(17 items), functioning in sport and recreation (4 items), and quality of life (4 items). Each question is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, in which a higher score reflects fewer complaints. A normalized score from 0 to 100 is calculated for the total scale, and for each subscale individually.
Time frame: 3 months after THA
Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS)
The HOOS is a self-reported questionnaire for evaluating symptoms and disability in patients with hip complaints. The questionnaire has been validated in Dutch and consists of 40 items, divided into five subscales: symptoms (5 items), pain (10 items), functioning in activities of daily living (ADL)(17 items), functioning in sport and recreation (4 items), and quality of life (4 items). Each question is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, in which a higher score reflects fewer complaints. A normalized score from 0 to 100 is calculated for the total scale, and for each subscale individually.
Time frame: 12 months after THA
Patient Specific Functional Scale (PSFS)
The PSFS measures the functional status of the patient. The patient is asked to name the three most important activities for him that are difficult for him or which he is unable to perform because of his problems. Finally, the patient scores the degree of impairment in the activities on an 11-point NRS scale (0-10), where 0 stands for 'cannot perform the activity' and 10 'can perform the activity just as well as before occurrence of the problem'.
Time frame: 1 week before THA
Patient Specific Functional Scale (PSFS)
The PSFS measures the functional status of the patient. The patient is asked to name the three most important activities for him that are difficult for him or which he is unable to perform because of his problems. Finally, the patient scores the degree of impairment in the activities on an 11-point NRS scale (0-10), where 0 stands for 'cannot perform the activity' and 10 'can perform the activity just as well as before occurrence of the problem'.
Time frame: 6 weeks after THA
Patient Specific Functional Scale (PSFS)
The PSFS measures the functional status of the patient. The patient is asked to name the three most important activities for him that are difficult for him or which he is unable to perform because of his problems. Finally, the patient scores the degree of impairment in the activities on an 11-point NRS scale (0-10), where 0 stands for 'cannot perform the activity' and 10 'can perform the activity just as well as before occurrence of the problem'.
Time frame: 3 months after THA
Patient Specific Functional Scale (PSFS)
The PSFS measures the functional status of the patient. The patient is asked to name the three most important activities for him that are difficult for him or which he is unable to perform because of his problems. Finally, the patient scores the degree of impairment in the activities on an 11-point NRS scale (0-10), where 0 stands for 'cannot perform the activity' and 10 'can perform the activity just as well as before occurrence of the problem'.
Time frame: 12 months after THA
36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)
The SF-36 is used to measure perceived health and health-related quality of life. The questionnaire has 36 items containing eight health-related categories: physical functioning, role limitations due to physical problems, role limitations due to emotional problems, pain, mental health, energy, general health perception, and social functioning. A high score corresponds to a better state of health.
Time frame: 1 week before THA
36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)
The SF-36 is used to measure perceived health and health-related quality of life. The questionnaire has 36 items containing eight health-related categories: physical functioning, role limitations due to physical problems, role limitations due to emotional problems, pain, mental health, energy, general health perception, and social functioning. A high score corresponds to a better state of health.
Time frame: 6 weeks after THA
36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)
The SF-36 is used to measure perceived health and health-related quality of life. The questionnaire has 36 items containing eight health-related categories: physical functioning, role limitations due to physical problems, role limitations due to emotional problems, pain, mental health, energy, general health perception, and social functioning. A high score corresponds to a better state of health.
Time frame: 3 months after THA
36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)
The SF-36 is used to measure perceived health and health-related quality of life. The questionnaire has 36 items containing eight health-related categories: physical functioning, role limitations due to physical problems, role limitations due to emotional problems, pain, mental health, energy, general health perception, and social functioning. A high score corresponds to a better state of health.
Time frame: 12 months after THA
Global Perceived Effect (GPE)
The patient's opinion about recovery after THA will be measured using the Global Perceived Effect (GPE) score on a 7-point Likert scale, where 1 stands for "a lot worse" and 7 for "a lot better".
Time frame: 1 day after THA
Global Perceived Effect (GPE)
The patient's opinion about recovery after THA will be measured using the Global Perceived Effect (GPE) score on a 7-point Likert scale, where 1 stands for "a lot worse" and 7 for "a lot better".
Time frame: 3 days after THA
Global Perceived Effect (GPE)
The patient's opinion about recovery after THA will be measured using the Global Perceived Effect (GPE) score on a 7-point Likert scale, where 1 stands for "a lot worse" and 7 for "a lot better".
Time frame: 5 days after THA
Global Perceived Effect (GPE)
The patient's opinion about recovery after THA will be measured using the Global Perceived Effect (GPE) score on a 7-point Likert scale, where 1 stands for "a lot worse" and 7 for "a lot better".
Time frame: 7 days after THA
Global Perceived Effect (GPE)
The patient's opinion about recovery after THA will be measured using the Global Perceived Effect (GPE) score on a 7-point Likert scale, where 1 stands for "a lot worse" and 7 for "a lot better".
Time frame: 6 weeks after THA
Global Perceived Effect (GPE)
The patient's opinion about recovery after THA will be measured using the Global Perceived Effect (GPE) score on a 7-point Likert scale, where 1 stands for "a lot worse" and 7 for "a lot better".
Time frame: 3 months after THA
Global Perceived Effect (GPE)
The patient's opinion about recovery after THA will be measured using the Global Perceived Effect (GPE) score on a 7-point Likert scale, where 1 stands for "a lot worse" and 7 for "a lot better".
Time frame: 12 months after THA
Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) of Patient Satisfaction
Patient satisfaction will be measured on an 11-point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), where 0 stands for "no pain" and 10 for "worst imaginable pain".
Time frame: 1 day after THA
Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) of Patient Satisfaction
Patient satisfaction will be measured on an 11-point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), where 0 stands for "no pain" and 10 for "worst imaginable pain".
Time frame: 3 days after THA
Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) of Patient Satisfaction
Patient satisfaction will be measured on an 11-point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), where 0 stands for "no pain" and 10 for "worst imaginable pain".
Time frame: 5 days after THA
Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) of Patient Satisfaction
Patient satisfaction will be measured on an 11-point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), where 0 stands for "no pain" and 10 for "worst imaginable pain".
Time frame: 7 days after THA
Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) of Patient Satisfaction
Patient satisfaction will be measured on an 11-point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), where 0 stands for "no pain" and 10 for "worst imaginable pain".
Time frame: 6 weeks after THA
Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) of Patient Satisfaction
Patient satisfaction will be measured on an 11-point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), where 0 stands for "no pain" and 10 for "worst imaginable pain".
Time frame: 3 months after THA
Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) of Patient Satisfaction
Patient satisfaction will be measured on an 11-point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), where 0 stands for "no pain" and 10 for "worst imaginable pain".
Time frame: 12 months after THA
Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Average pain intensity last week and pain intensity at the moment will be measured on an 11-point Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), where 0 stands for "no pain" and 10 for "worst imaginable pain".
Time frame: 1 week before THA
Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Average pain intensity last week and pain intensity at the moment will be measured on an 11-point Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), where 0 stands for "no pain" and 10 for "worst imaginable pain".
Time frame: 1 day after THA
Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Average pain intensity last week and pain intensity at the moment will be measured on an 11-point Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), where 0 stands for "no pain" and 10 for "worst imaginable pain".
Time frame: 3 days after THA
Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Average pain intensity last week and pain intensity at the moment will be measured on an 11-point Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), where 0 stands for "no pain" and 10 for "worst imaginable pain".
Time frame: 5 days after THA
Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Average pain intensity last week and pain intensity at the moment will be measured on an 11-point Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), where 0 stands for "no pain" and 10 for "worst imaginable pain".
Time frame: 7 days after THA
Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Average pain intensity last week and pain intensity at the moment will be measured on an 11-point Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), where 0 stands for "no pain" and 10 for "worst imaginable pain".
Time frame: 6 weeks after THA
Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Average pain intensity last week and pain intensity at the moment will be measured on an 11-point Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), where 0 stands for "no pain" and 10 for "worst imaginable pain".
Time frame: 3 months after THA
Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Average pain intensity last week and pain intensity at the moment will be measured on an 11-point Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), where 0 stands for "no pain" and 10 for "worst imaginable pain".
Time frame: 12 months after THA
30-second Chair Stand Test
The 30-second Chair Stand Test will be used to assess sit-to-stand activity (physical function). The maximum number of chair stand repetitions within 30 seconds will be used as the outcome value. Movement quality during the performance-based tests is assessed based on acceleration data measured with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU).
Time frame: 1 week before THA
30-second Chair Stand Test
The 30-second Chair Stand Test will be used to assess sit-to-stand activity (physical function). The maximum number of chair stand repetitions within 30 seconds will be used as the outcome value. Movement quality during the performance-based tests is assessed based on acceleration data measured with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU).
Time frame: 6 weeks after THA
30-second Chair Stand Test
The 30-second Chair Stand Test will be used to assess sit-to-stand activity (physical function). The maximum number of chair stand repetitions within 30 seconds will be used as the outcome value. Movement quality during the performance-based tests is assessed based on acceleration data measured with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU).
Time frame: 3 months after THA
30-second Chair Stand Test
The 30-second Chair Stand Test will be used to assess sit-to-stand activity (physical function). The maximum number of chair stand repetitions within 30 seconds will be used as the outcome value. Movement quality during the performance-based tests is assessed based on acceleration data measured with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU).
Time frame: 12 months after THA
11-step Stair Climb Test
The 11-step Stair Climb Test will be used to assess ascending and descending stair activity (physical function). The time in seconds to ascend and descend 11 stairs will be used as the outcome value. Movement quality during the performance-based tests is assessed based on acceleration data measured with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU).
Time frame: 1 week before THA
11-step Stair Climb Test
The 11-step Stair Climb Test will be used to assess ascending and descending stair activity (physical function). The time in seconds to ascend and descend 11 stairs will be used as the outcome value. Movement quality during the performance-based tests is assessed based on acceleration data measured with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU).
Time frame: 6 weeks after THA
11-step Stair Climb Test
The 11-step Stair Climb Test will be used to assess ascending and descending stair activity (physical function). The time in seconds to ascend and descend 11 stairs will be used as the outcome value. Movement quality during the performance-based tests is assessed based on acceleration data measured with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU).
Time frame: 3 months after THA
11-step Stair Climb Test
The 11-step Stair Climb Test will be used to assess ascending and descending stair activity (physical function). The time in seconds to ascend and descend 11 stairs will be used as the outcome value. Movement quality during the performance-based tests is assessed based on acceleration data measured with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU).
Time frame: 12 months after THA
40-meter (4x10-meter) Fast Paced Walk Test
The 40-meter (4x10-meter) Fast Paced Walk Test will be used to assess short distance walking activity (physical function). The time in seconds to walk 4 x 10 meters for a total of 40 meters will be used as the outcome value. Movement quality during the performance-based tests is assessed based on acceleration data measured with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU).
Time frame: 1 week before THA
40-meter (4x10-meter) Fast Paced Walk Test
The 40-meter (4x10-meter) Fast Paced Walk Test will be used to assess short distance walking activity (physical function). The time in seconds to walk 4 x 10 meters for a total of 40 meters will be used as the outcome value. Movement quality during the performance-based tests is assessed based on acceleration data measured with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU).
Time frame: 6 weeks after THA
40-meter (4x10-meter) Fast Paced Walk Test
The 40-meter (4x10-meter) Fast Paced Walk Test will be used to assess short distance walking activity (physical function). The time in seconds to walk 4 x 10 meters for a total of 40 meters will be used as the outcome value. Movement quality during the performance-based tests is assessed based on acceleration data measured with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU).
Time frame: 3 months after THA
40-meter (4x10-meter) Fast Paced Walk Test
The 40-meter (4x10-meter) Fast Paced Walk Test will be used to assess short distance walking activity (physical function). The time in seconds to walk 4 x 10 meters for a total of 40 meters will be used as the outcome value. Movement quality during the performance-based tests is assessed based on acceleration data measured with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU).
Time frame: 12 months after THA
Thermal Detection and Pain Threshold Temperatures
Thermal Quantitative sensory testing (QST) will be used to investigate nociceptive stimulus processing. QST is a non-invasive examination of the somatosensory system commonly used in pain diagnosis. The Medoc Advanced Thermosensory Stimulator (TSA) - 2 system will be used to perform a standardized test protocol. Detection and pain threshold temperatures (in °C) will be assessed locally (at the most painful site of the hip) and remotely (at the contralateral wrist) using the TSA limits protocol: * Cold Detection Threshold (CDT) * Warmth Detection Threshold (WDT) * Cold Pain Threshold (CPT) * Heat Pain Threshold (HPT)
Time frame: 1 week before THA
Thermal Detection and Pain Threshold Temperatures
Thermal Quantitative sensory testing (QST) will be used to investigate nociceptive stimulus processing. QST is a non-invasive examination of the somatosensory system commonly used in pain diagnosis. The Medoc Advanced Thermosensory Stimulator (TSA) - 2 system will be used to perform a standardized test protocol. Detection and pain threshold temperatures (in °C) will be assessed locally (at the most painful site of the hip) and remotely (at the contralateral wrist) using the TSA limits protocol: * Cold Detection Threshold (CDT) * Warmth Detection Threshold (WDT) * Cold Pain Threshold (CPT) * Heat Pain Threshold (HPT)
Time frame: 6 weeks after THA
Thermal Detection and Pain Threshold Temperatures
Thermal Quantitative sensory testing (QST) will be used to investigate nociceptive stimulus processing. QST is a non-invasive examination of the somatosensory system commonly used in pain diagnosis. The Medoc Advanced Thermosensory Stimulator (TSA) - 2 system will be used to perform a standardized test protocol. Detection and pain threshold temperatures (in °C) will be assessed locally (at the most painful site of the hip) and remotely (at the contralateral wrist) using the TSA limits protocol: * Cold Detection Threshold (CDT) * Warmth Detection Threshold (WDT) * Cold Pain Threshold (CPT) * Heat Pain Threshold (HPT)
Time frame: 3 months after THA
Thermal Detection and Pain Threshold Temperatures
Thermal Quantitative sensory testing (QST) will be used to investigate nociceptive stimulus processing. QST is a non-invasive examination of the somatosensory system commonly used in pain diagnosis. The Medoc Advanced Thermosensory Stimulator (TSA) - 2 system will be used to perform a standardized test protocol. Detection and pain threshold temperatures (in °C) will be assessed locally (at the most painful site of the hip) and remotely (at the contralateral wrist) using the TSA limits protocol: * Cold Detection Threshold (CDT) * Warmth Detection Threshold (WDT) * Cold Pain Threshold (CPT) * Heat Pain Threshold (HPT)
Time frame: 12 months after THA
Temporal Summation of Pain (TSP)
Thermal Quantitative sensory testing (QST) will be used to investigate nociceptive stimulus processing. QST is a non-invasive examination of the somatosensory system commonly used in pain diagnosis. The Medoc TSA-2 system will be used to perform a standardized test protocol. Temporal summation of pain (TSP) will be assessed at the contralateral wrist using a 2-minute tonic heat stimulus and patient-controlled temperature. Participants are presented with a tonic heat stimulus and are instructed to maintain their initial sensation for two minutes via the remote controller. To quantify temporal adaptation and temporal summation of pain, the slope and magnitude of temperature changes will be extracted and the areas under the curve will be calculated.
Time frame: 1 week before THA
Temporal Summation of Pain (TSP)
Thermal Quantitative sensory testing (QST) will be used to investigate nociceptive stimulus processing. QST is a non-invasive examination of the somatosensory system commonly used in pain diagnosis. The Medoc TSA-2 system will be used to perform a standardized test protocol. Temporal summation of pain (TSP) will be assessed at the contralateral wrist using a 2-minute tonic heat stimulus and patient-controlled temperature. Participants are presented with a tonic heat stimulus and are instructed to maintain their initial sensation for two minutes via the remote controller. To quantify temporal adaptation and temporal summation of pain, the slope and magnitude of temperature changes will be extracted and the areas under the curve will be calculated.
Time frame: 6 weeks after THA
Temporal Summation of Pain (TSP)
Thermal Quantitative sensory testing (QST) will be used to investigate nociceptive stimulus processing. QST is a non-invasive examination of the somatosensory system commonly used in pain diagnosis. The Medoc TSA-2 system will be used to perform a standardized test protocol. Temporal summation of pain (TSP) will be assessed at the contralateral wrist using a 2-minute tonic heat stimulus and patient-controlled temperature. Participants are presented with a tonic heat stimulus and are instructed to maintain their initial sensation for two minutes via the remote controller. To quantify temporal adaptation and temporal summation of pain, the slope and magnitude of temperature changes will be extracted and the areas under the curve will be calculated.
Time frame: 3 months after THA
Temporal Summation of Pain (TSP)
Thermal Quantitative sensory testing (QST) will be used to investigate nociceptive stimulus processing. QST is a non-invasive examination of the somatosensory system commonly used in pain diagnosis. The Medoc TSA-2 system will be used to perform a standardized test protocol. Temporal summation of pain (TSP) will be assessed at the contralateral wrist using a 2-minute tonic heat stimulus and patient-controlled temperature. Participants are presented with a tonic heat stimulus and are instructed to maintain their initial sensation for two minutes via the remote controller. To quantify temporal adaptation and temporal summation of pain, the slope and magnitude of temperature changes will be extracted and the areas under the curve will be calculated.
Time frame: 12 months after THA
Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM)
Thermal Quantitative sensory testing (QST) will be used to investigate nociceptive stimulus processing. The Medoc TSA-2 system will be used to perform a standardized test protocol. Conditioned pain modulation will be evaluated using a Dual-Thermode program with two different stimuli: * Test stimulus: this heat stimulus will be administered twice at the contralateral wrist. Once on its own before administering the conditioning stimulus, and once during the conditioning heat stimulus at the ipsilateral wrist. * Conditioning stimulus: this heat stimulus will be administered at the ipsilateral wrist after first applying the test stimulus. The difference in pain intensity at the contralateral wrist during the stand-alone test stimulus and the test stimulus during the conditioning stimulus will be calculated. Pain intensity is assessed using a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) ranging from 0 to 100, where 0 stands for "no pain", and 100 for "worst imaginable pain".
Time frame: 1 week before THA
Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM)
Thermal Quantitative sensory testing (QST) will be used to investigate nociceptive stimulus processing. The Medoc TSA-2 system will be used to perform a standardized test protocol. Conditioned pain modulation will be evaluated using a Dual-Thermode program with two different stimuli: * Test stimulus: this heat stimulus will be administered twice at the contralateral wrist. Once on its own before administering the conditioning stimulus, and once during the conditioning heat stimulus at the ipsilateral wrist. * Conditioning stimulus: this heat stimulus will be administered at the ipsilateral wrist after first applying the test stimulus. The difference in pain intensity at the contralateral wrist during the stand-alone test stimulus and the test stimulus during the conditioning stimulus will be calculated. Pain intensity is assessed using a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) ranging from 0 to 100, where 0 stands for "no pain", and 100 for "worst imaginable pain".
Time frame: 6 weeks after THA
Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM)
Thermal Quantitative sensory testing (QST) will be used to investigate nociceptive stimulus processing. The Medoc TSA-2 system will be used to perform a standardized test protocol. Conditioned pain modulation will be evaluated using a Dual-Thermode program with two different stimuli: * Test stimulus: this heat stimulus will be administered twice at the contralateral wrist. Once on its own before administering the conditioning stimulus, and once during the conditioning heat stimulus at the ipsilateral wrist. * Conditioning stimulus: this heat stimulus will be administered at the ipsilateral wrist after first applying the test stimulus. The difference in pain intensity at the contralateral wrist during the stand-alone test stimulus and the test stimulus during the conditioning stimulus will be calculated. Pain intensity is assessed using a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) ranging from 0 to 100, where 0 stands for "no pain", and 100 for "worst imaginable pain".
Time frame: 3 months after THA
Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM)
Thermal Quantitative sensory testing (QST) will be used to investigate nociceptive stimulus processing. The Medoc TSA-2 system will be used to perform a standardized test protocol. Conditioned pain modulation will be evaluated using a Dual-Thermode program with two different stimuli: * Test stimulus: this heat stimulus will be administered twice at the contralateral wrist. Once on its own before administering the conditioning stimulus, and once during the conditioning heat stimulus at the ipsilateral wrist. * Conditioning stimulus: this heat stimulus will be administered at the ipsilateral wrist after first applying the test stimulus. The difference in pain intensity at the contralateral wrist during the stand-alone test stimulus and the test stimulus during the conditioning stimulus will be calculated. Pain intensity is assessed using a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) ranging from 0 to 100, where 0 stands for "no pain", and 100 for "worst imaginable pain".
Time frame: 12 months after THA
Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview - Simplified (M.I.N.I.-S for DSM-V)
The MINI-S is a brief structured diagnostic interview for the major psychiatric disorders in the DSM-5. The MINI-S assesses the 17 most common disorders in mental health, including Bipolar Disorder Type 1 and Type 2, Major Depressive Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Acute Stress Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Alcohol Use Disorder, Substance other than alcohol Use Disorder, Psychotic Disorders.
Time frame: 1 week before THA
Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview - Simplified (M.I.N.I.-S for DSM-V)
The MINI-S is a brief structured diagnostic interview for the major psychiatric disorders in the DSM-5. The MINI-S assesses the 17 most common disorders in mental health, including Bipolar Disorder Type 1 and Type 2, Major Depressive Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Acute Stress Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Alcohol Use Disorder, Substance other than alcohol Use Disorder, Psychotic Disorders.
Time frame: 12 months after THA
Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC)
The Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC) is a self-reported questionnaire that investigates traumatic experiences in the past. The TEC consists of 31 items, which represent traumatic experiences. Participants should indicate whether they experienced the events and at what age it occurred. The extent to which the event was stressful for the person is also examined. This is scored on a 5-point scale ranging from 'to some extent' to 'to a very severe degree'.
Time frame: 1 week before THA
Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC)
The Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC) is a self-reported questionnaire that investigates traumatic experiences in the past. The TEC consists of 31 items, which represent traumatic experiences. Participants should indicate whether they experienced the events and at what age it occurred. The extent to which the event was stressful for the person is also examined. This is scored on a 5-point scale ranging from 'to some extent' to 'to a very severe degree'.
Time frame: 12 months after THA
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)
The CTQ is used to determine whether a person has experienced childhood trauma. The CTQ is a 25-item retrospective self-reported questionnaire that evaluates childhood events. Each question is answered on a 5-point Likert scale (1 never true, 2 often true, 3 sometimes, 4 often true, 5 true). The questionnaire assesses five dimensions of child abuse: (1) Physical abuse, (2) Emotional abuse, (3) Sexual abuse, (4) Physical neglect and (5) Emotional neglect.
Time frame: 1 week before THA
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)
The CTQ is used to determine whether a person has experienced childhood trauma. The CTQ is a 25-item retrospective self-reported questionnaire that evaluates childhood events. Each question is answered on a 5-point Likert scale (1 never true, 2 often true, 3 sometimes, 4 often true, 5 true). The questionnaire assesses five dimensions of child abuse: (1) Physical abuse, (2) Emotional abuse, (3) Sexual abuse, (4) Physical neglect and (5) Emotional neglect.
Time frame: 12 months after THA
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
The HADS is a 14-item questionnaire evaluating anxiety and depression complaints without involving physical complaints. The HADS consists of two subscales, one subscale covers symptoms of anxiety (HADS-A), the other symptoms of depression (HADS-D). Each item is scored from zero ("not applicable") to three ("certainly applicable"). The maximum score on each subscale is 21, with higher values indicating more anxiety/depression symptoms.
Time frame: 1 week before THA
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
The HADS is a 14-item questionnaire evaluating anxiety and depression complaints without involving physical complaints. The HADS consists of two subscales, one subscale covers symptoms of anxiety (HADS-A), the other symptoms of depression (HADS-D). Each item is scored from zero ("not applicable") to three ("certainly applicable"). The maximum score on each subscale is 21, with higher values indicating more anxiety/depression symptoms.
Time frame: 1 week after THA
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
The HADS is a 14-item questionnaire evaluating anxiety and depression complaints without involving physical complaints. The HADS consists of two subscales, one subscale covers symptoms of anxiety (HADS-A), the other symptoms of depression (HADS-D). Each item is scored from zero ("not applicable") to three ("certainly applicable"). The maximum score on each subscale is 21, with higher values indicating more anxiety/depression symptoms.
Time frame: 6 weeks after THA
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
The HADS is a 14-item questionnaire evaluating anxiety and depression complaints without involving physical complaints. The HADS consists of two subscales, one subscale covers symptoms of anxiety (HADS-A), the other symptoms of depression (HADS-D). Each item is scored from zero ("not applicable") to three ("certainly applicable"). The maximum score on each subscale is 21, with higher values indicating more anxiety/depression symptoms.
Time frame: 3 months after THA
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
The HADS is a 14-item questionnaire evaluating anxiety and depression complaints without involving physical complaints. The HADS consists of two subscales, one subscale covers symptoms of anxiety (HADS-A), the other symptoms of depression (HADS-D). Each item is scored from zero ("not applicable") to three ("certainly applicable"). The maximum score on each subscale is 21, with higher values indicating more anxiety/depression symptoms.
Time frame: 12 months after THA
Fear-Avoidance Component Scale (FACS)
Pain-related fear avoidance was assessed by the Dutch version of the FACS, which is a 20-item questionnaire, with each item scored on a 6-point Likert scale, resulting in scores ranging from zero ("completely disagree") to five ("completely agree"). There is a maximum total score of 100, with higher scores indicating more fear-avoidance. Five fear-avoidance-related severity levels have been proposed: subclinical (0 to 20), mild (21 to 40), moderate (41 to 60), severe (61 to 80), and extreme (81 to 100).
Time frame: 1 week before THA
Fear-Avoidance Component Scale (FACS)
Pain-related fear avoidance was assessed by the Dutch version of the FACS, which is a 20-item questionnaire, with each item scored on a 6-point Likert scale, resulting in scores ranging from zero ("completely disagree") to five ("completely agree"). There is a maximum total score of 100, with higher scores indicating more fear-avoidance. Five fear-avoidance-related severity levels have been proposed: subclinical (0 to 20), mild (21 to 40), moderate (41 to 60), severe (61 to 80), and extreme (81 to 100).
Time frame: 1 week after THA
Fear-Avoidance Component Scale (FACS)
Pain-related fear avoidance was assessed by the Dutch version of the FACS, which is a 20-item questionnaire, with each item scored on a 6-point Likert scale, resulting in scores ranging from zero ("completely disagree") to five ("completely agree"). There is a maximum total score of 100, with higher scores indicating more fear-avoidance. Five fear-avoidance-related severity levels have been proposed: subclinical (0 to 20), mild (21 to 40), moderate (41 to 60), severe (61 to 80), and extreme (81 to 100).
Time frame: 6 weeks after THA
Fear-Avoidance Component Scale (FACS)
Pain-related fear avoidance was assessed by the Dutch version of the FACS, which is a 20-item questionnaire, with each item scored on a 6-point Likert scale, resulting in scores ranging from zero ("completely disagree") to five ("completely agree"). There is a maximum total score of 100, with higher scores indicating more fear-avoidance. Five fear-avoidance-related severity levels have been proposed: subclinical (0 to 20), mild (21 to 40), moderate (41 to 60), severe (61 to 80), and extreme (81 to 100).
Time frame: 3 months after THA
Fear-Avoidance Component Scale (FACS)
Pain-related fear avoidance was assessed by the Dutch version of the FACS, which is a 20-item questionnaire, with each item scored on a 6-point Likert scale, resulting in scores ranging from zero ("completely disagree") to five ("completely agree"). There is a maximum total score of 100, with higher scores indicating more fear-avoidance. Five fear-avoidance-related severity levels have been proposed: subclinical (0 to 20), mild (21 to 40), moderate (41 to 60), severe (61 to 80), and extreme (81 to 100).
Time frame: 12 months after THA
Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-17)
Pain-related fear of movement was assessed with the 17-item version of the TSK. Each item is scored on a 4-point Likert Scale, ranging from one ("strongly disagree") to four ("strongly agree"). The total score ranges between 17 and 68, with higher values reflecting greater fear of movement.
Time frame: 1 week before THA
Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-17)
Pain-related fear of movement was assessed with the 17-item version of the TSK. Each item is scored on a 4-point Likert Scale, ranging from one ("strongly disagree") to four ("strongly agree"). The total score ranges between 17 and 68, with higher values reflecting greater fear of movement.
Time frame: 1 week after THA
Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-17)
Pain-related fear of movement was assessed with the 17-item version of the TSK. Each item is scored on a 4-point Likert Scale, ranging from one ("strongly disagree") to four ("strongly agree"). The total score ranges between 17 and 68, with higher values reflecting greater fear of movement.
Time frame: 6 weeks after THA
Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-17)
Pain-related fear of movement was assessed with the 17-item version of the TSK. Each item is scored on a 4-point Likert Scale, ranging from one ("strongly disagree") to four ("strongly agree"). The total score ranges between 17 and 68, with higher values reflecting greater fear of movement.
Time frame: 3 months after THA
Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-17)
Pain-related fear of movement was assessed with the 17-item version of the TSK. Each item is scored on a 4-point Likert Scale, ranging from one ("strongly disagree") to four ("strongly agree"). The total score ranges between 17 and 68, with higher values reflecting greater fear of movement.
Time frame: 12 months after THA
Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ)
Perceived injustice was measured with the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ). The IEQ consists of 12 items, each item is scored from zero ("not at all") to four (all the time"). The total score ranges between 0 and 48 and higher total scores reflect higher levels of perceived injustice.
Time frame: 1 week before THA
Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ)
Perceived injustice was measured with the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ). The IEQ consists of 12 items, each item is scored from zero ("not at all") to four (all the time"). The total score ranges between 0 and 48 and higher total scores reflect higher levels of perceived injustice.
Time frame: 1 week after THA
Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ)
Perceived injustice was measured with the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ). The IEQ consists of 12 items, each item is scored from zero ("not at all") to four (all the time"). The total score ranges between 0 and 48 and higher total scores reflect higher levels of perceived injustice.
Time frame: 6 weeks after THA
Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ)
Perceived injustice was measured with the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ). The IEQ consists of 12 items, each item is scored from zero ("not at all") to four (all the time"). The total score ranges between 0 and 48 and higher total scores reflect higher levels of perceived injustice.
Time frame: 3 months after THA
Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ)
Perceived injustice was measured with the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ). The IEQ consists of 12 items, each item is scored from zero ("not at all") to four (all the time"). The total score ranges between 0 and 48 and higher total scores reflect higher levels of perceived injustice.
Time frame: 12 months after THA
General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES)
The General Self-Efficacy Scale is a self-reported questionnaire used to measure self-efficacy. The GSES measures how a person generally copes with stressors/difficult situations in life. It consists of ten statements (optimistic "self-beliefs") that ask about how people think and act in general. Items are scored on a 4-point Likert scale.
Time frame: 1 week before THA
General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES)
The General Self-Efficacy Scale is a self-reported questionnaire used to measure self-efficacy. The GSES measures how a person generally copes with stressors/difficult situations in life. It consists of ten statements (optimistic "self-beliefs") that ask about how people think and act in general. Items are scored on a 4-point Likert scale.
Time frame: 6 weeks after THA
General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES)
The General Self-Efficacy Scale is a self-reported questionnaire used to measure self-efficacy. The GSES measures how a person generally copes with stressors/difficult situations in life. It consists of ten statements (optimistic "self-beliefs") that ask about how people think and act in general. Items are scored on a 4-point Likert scale.
Time frame: 3 months after THA
General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES)
The General Self-Efficacy Scale is a self-reported questionnaire used to measure self-efficacy. The GSES measures how a person generally copes with stressors/difficult situations in life. It consists of ten statements (optimistic "self-beliefs") that ask about how people think and act in general. Items are scored on a 4-point Likert scale.
Time frame: 12 months after THA
Groningen Orthopaedic Social Support Scale (GO-SSS)
The 'Groningen Orthopedic Social Support Scale' is a self-reported questionnaire that has been developed to measure social support in patients with a THA or TKP. Social support is measured through 12 statements where the patient can choose from four answers: 'never or rarely', 'occasionally', 'regularly' or 'often'.
Time frame: 1 week before THA
Groningen Orthopaedic Social Support Scale (GO-SSS)
The 'Groningen Orthopedic Social Support Scale' is a self-reported questionnaire that has been developed to measure social support in patients with a THA or TKP. Social support is measured through 12 statements where the patient can choose from four answers: 'never or rarely', 'occasionally', 'regularly' or 'often'.
Time frame: 6 weeks after THA
Groningen Orthopaedic Social Support Scale (GO-SSS)
The 'Groningen Orthopedic Social Support Scale' is a self-reported questionnaire that has been developed to measure social support in patients with a THA or TKP. Social support is measured through 12 statements where the patient can choose from four answers: 'never or rarely', 'occasionally', 'regularly' or 'often'.
Time frame: 3 months after THA
Groningen Orthopaedic Social Support Scale (GO-SSS)
The 'Groningen Orthopedic Social Support Scale' is a self-reported questionnaire that has been developed to measure social support in patients with a THA or TKP. Social support is measured through 12 statements where the patient can choose from four answers: 'never or rarely', 'occasionally', 'regularly' or 'often'.
Time frame: 12 months after THA
Muscle strength
Hip muscle strength will be measured with the MicroFet 2®, a handheld dynamometer. In the test protocol, each muscle group will be tested three times, with the best value of the three tests as the final result. The following muscle groups will be tested: * Hip flexors * Hip abductors * Hip extensors * Hip external rotators * Hip adductors
Time frame: 1 week before THA
Muscle strength
Hip muscle strength will be measured with the MicroFet 2®, a handheld dynamometer. In the test protocol, each muscle group will be tested three times, with the best value of the three tests as the final result. The following muscle groups will be tested: * Hip flexors * Hip abductors * Hip extensors * Hip external rotators * Hip adductors
Time frame: 6 weeks after THA
Muscle strength
Hip muscle strength will be measured with the MicroFet 2®, a handheld dynamometer. In the test protocol, each muscle group will be tested three times, with the best value of the three tests as the final result. The following muscle groups will be tested: * Hip flexors * Hip abductors * Hip extensors * Hip external rotators * Hip adductors
Time frame: 3 months after THA
Muscle strength
Hip muscle strength will be measured with the MicroFet 2®, a handheld dynamometer. In the test protocol, each muscle group will be tested three times, with the best value of the three tests as the final result. The following muscle groups will be tested: * Hip flexors * Hip abductors * Hip extensors * Hip external rotators * Hip adductors
Time frame: 12 months after THA
Perceived stress
Perceived stress will be evaluated with a single question of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS): 'During the past day, how often have you felt nervous and stressed?'. The question is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, from 0 'never' to 4 'very often'.
Time frame: 1 week before THA
Perceived stress
Perceived stress will be evaluated with a single question of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS): 'During the past day, how often have you felt nervous and stressed?'. The question is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, from 0 'never' to 4 'very often'.
Time frame: 1 day after THA
Perceived stress
Perceived stress will be evaluated with a single question of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS): 'During the past day, how often have you felt nervous and stressed?'. The question is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, from 0 'never' to 4 'very often'.
Time frame: 3 days after THA
Perceived stress
Perceived stress will be evaluated with a single question of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS): 'During the past day, how often have you felt nervous and stressed?'. The question is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, from 0 'never' to 4 'very often'.
Time frame: 5 days after THA
Perceived stress
Perceived stress will be evaluated with a single question of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS): 'During the past day, how often have you felt nervous and stressed?'. The question is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, from 0 'never' to 4 'very often'.
Time frame: 7 days after THA
Perceived stress
Perceived stress will be evaluated with a single question of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS): 'During the past day, how often have you felt nervous and stressed?'. The question is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, from 0 'never' to 4 'very often'.
Time frame: 6 weeks after THA
Perceived stress
Perceived stress will be evaluated with a single question of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS): 'During the past day, how often have you felt nervous and stressed?'. The question is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, from 0 'never' to 4 'very often'.
Time frame: 3 months after THA
Perceived stress
Perceived stress will be evaluated with a single question of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS): 'During the past day, how often have you felt nervous and stressed?'. The question is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, from 0 'never' to 4 'very often'.
Time frame: 12 months after THA
Plan to share: No
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Hasselt University