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RecruitingNCT05192057SALINEUpdated Sep 15, 2026

Hypertonic Saline Inhalation for Mycobacterium Avium Complex Pulmonary Disease

A Phase 4 interventional study of Hypertonic Saline inhalation in Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease and Mycobacterium Avium Complex, sponsored by Radboud University Medical Center. Recruiting at 1 site in Netherlands. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-15.

Sponsored by Radboud University Medical Center · Phase 4, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Started May 2022; still recruiting 4 years 5 months later.
Phase
Phase 4
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
30
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The SALINE trial will investigate the effect of Hypertonic Saline inhalation plus best supportive care on burden of symptoms, clearance of mycobacteria and functional capacities in participants with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease and compare the effect to treatment with best supportive care alone.

Read the detailed description

The treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease consists of best supportive care, often accompanied by long-lasting multi-drug antibiotic regimens. Two major radiologic patterns exist: nodular-bronchiectatic and fibrocavitary disease, characterized by slow and rapid progression of disease, respectively.

SALINE is an open-label, randomized, two-arm controlled study that investigates the effect of Hypertonic Saline inhalation (HSi) plus best supportive care versus best supportive care alone for 12 weeks in participants with nodular-bronchiectatic MAC lung disease. The investigators hypothesize that HSi added to best supportive care will improve health-related quality of life and reduce mycobacterial load more than best supportive care alone Participants will be randomized 1:1 to a study arm. Best supportive care comprises of management of a predisposing (lung) condition, guidance in smoking cessation, respiratory physiotherapy (e.g. airway clearance) and nutritional guidance. HSi will be administered two times daily. Antibacterial therapy against other bacterial infections and inhaled corticosteroids are allowed during the study period.

02

Conditions studied

  • Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease
  • Mycobacterium Avium Complex
03

In context

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection

66 studies on the registry are indexed under Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection; 8 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 30 is below the median of 95 across 44 interventional studies indexed under Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection.

Browse Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection studies →

Lead sponsor

Radboud University Medical Center is the lead sponsor of 986 studies on the registry; 136 are open to participants now.

Of its 6 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 0 (0%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • International guideline criteria for nodular-bronchiectatic MAC lung disease, i.e. symptomatic, nodular bronchiectatic lesions seen on thorax radiography and ≥2 positive cultures of the same MAC species or one positive culture from a bronchoalveolar lavage;
  • ≥1 positive MAC sputum cultures must be collected in the previous 4 months;
  • Signed and dated patient .

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Fibrocavitary MAC lung disease;
  • Antimycobacterial treatment in the last 6 months;
  • Previous MAC lung disease treatment failure, defined as persistent culture positivity despite >6 months of guideline-recommended treatment;
  • Current clinical relevant asthma or otherwise bronchial hyperresponsiveness that is judged to be a for HSi.
  • Current HSi use
  • Former adverse reaction to HSi (note: former HSi use that was stopped due to a lack of clinical improvement is not an exclusion criterium);
  • Hypertonic saline intolerability during the screening test inhalation
  • Diagnosis of ;
  • Diagnosis of Cystic fibrosis (CF);
  • Active pulmonary (primary or ) or any other malignancy requiring chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 6 months before screening or anticipated during the study period;
  • Active pulmonary tuberculosis, fungal or nocardial disease requiring treatment
  • Current use of chronic systemic at doses of 15 mg/day for more than 3 months
  • Prior lung or other solid organ transplant
  • Known or suspected current drug or alcohol abuse, that is, in the opinion of the Investigator, sufficient to compromise the safety or cooperation of the patient.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(6)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

HIV

The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.

Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.

Cancer (malignancy)

Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.

Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.

Metastases

Cancer that has spread from where it began to other parts of the body. “Metastatic” cancer is cancer that has spread this way.

Corticosteroids (steroids)

Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.

Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 4
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
30 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Hypertonic Saline inhalation

    Participants randomized to the Hypertonic Saline inhalation arm will be prescribed a nebulizer for Hypertonic Saline Inhalation (5ml, 5.8%) two times a day for 12 weeks. Participants will also receive best supportive care for 12 weeks (see below).

    Device: Hypertonic Saline inhalation

  • No intervention
    Best supportive care

    Participants randomized to the best supportive care arm will receive standard of care including management of predisposing (lung) disease, guidance in smoking cessation, respiratory physiotherapy (e.g. airway clearance), nutritional guidance, but no antimycobacterial treatment.

Interventions

  • DeviceHypertonic Saline inhalation

    Hypertonic Saline inhalation is thought to increase mucociliary clearance of the airways

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in health-related quality of life

    Measured by the Quality of Life - Bronchiectasis (QOL-B) with NTM module questionnaire at baseline, after 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The QOL-B asks the participant to subjectively rank their symptoms using a 4 scale base ranging from "a lot of difficulty" to "no difficulty", "always" to "never", "completely true" to "not at all true" and "a lot" to "not at all" for 8 domains: physical/role/emotional/social functioning, vitality, treatment burden, health perception and respiratory symptoms. The NTM-module also asks participants to subjectively rank eating problems, body image, digestive symptoms, and NTM symptoms on a 4 scale base.

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  2. Change in health-related quality of life

    Measured by the PROMIS Fatigue 7a short form at baseline, after 4, 8 and 12 weeks. This questionnaire assesses self-reported fatigue over the past seven days on a 5 scale base ranging from never (1) to always (5). The lowest possible raw score (indicating the highest subjective level of fatigue) is 7; and the highest possible raw score (indicating the lowest subjective level of fatigue) is 35.

    Time frame: 12 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. Sputum culture conversion

    A conversion from positive sputum cultures at baseline to negative sputum cultures after study treatment, defined by two or more negative sputum cultures sampled a week apart.

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  2. Change in semi-quantitative culture results

    Change in acid fast bacilli (AFB) smear determined by auramine staining

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  3. Change in semi-quantitative culture results

    Change in sputum culture time-to-positivity

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  4. (Serious) Adverse Events as assessed by CTCAE v5.0

    Number and severity of (serious) Adverse Events as assessed by CTCAE

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  5. Treatment failure

    Progression of disease that requires the start of antimycobacterial treatment as per the treating physician's discretion.

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  6. Change in pulmonary function parameters

    Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1; L), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC; L), Inspiratory Capacity (IC; L), Functional Residual Volume (FRC; L) and Total Lung Capacity (TLC; L).

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  7. Change in pulmonary function parameters

    Tiffeneau index (FEV1/FVC; %)

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  8. Change in physical function capacity

    Change in 6-Minute Walking Distance (6MWD).

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  9. Change in inflammatory serum biomarkers

    Change in C-reactive protein (CRP).

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  10. Change in inflammatory serum biomarkers

    Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ERS)

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  11. Change in inflammatory serum biomarkers

    White blood cell count.

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  12. Therapy adherence

    Self-reported therapy adherence expressed as percentage taken of total HSi administrations.

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  13. Change in self-reported health status

    Change in the Nijmegen Clinical Screening Instrument (NCSI) from baseline to 12 weeks. The NCSI evaluates clinical, social and emotional self-reported measures, serves as a tool for an individualized treatment plan and can be repeated regularly to monitor the treatment effect

    Time frame: 12 weeks

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
08

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 15, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05192057
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Jan 14, 2022
Start date
May 20, 2022
Primary completion
Oct 1, 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Oct 1, 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Sep 15, 2026

Study contacts

Arthur Lemson, MSc
Contact
arthur.lemson@radboudumc.nl
+31634265743
Wouter Hoefsloot, MSc, PhD
Contact
wouter.hoefsloot@radboudumc.nl
+31612569107

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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