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CompletedNCT05131269Updated Dec 22, 2022

Prolotherapy Intervention in Patient With Frozen Shoulder

A Phase 4 interventional study of Dextrose 15 % in Water and Normal Saline 20 mL Injection in Frozen Shoulder, sponsored by Bumi Herman. Completed at 1 site in Indonesia. Open to participants aged 35 Years to 70 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2022-12-22.

Sponsored by Bumi Herman · Phase 4, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 4
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
32
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
35 Years to 70 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Introduction :

Prolotherapy is regenerative tissue therapy that is considered to be efficacious in reducing symptoms and morbidity of frozen shoulder, but only a few studies demonstrate the effect of prolotherapy at the biomolecular level, particularly the level of Matrix Metalloproteinase- I (MMP-1), Tissue Inhibitor Matrix Metalloproteinase (TIMP-1), as the biomarkers of cartilage repair.

Objective:

To determine the effect of prolotherapy on MMP-1, TIMP-1, and functional outcomes in frozen shoulder patients

Method:

a double-blind randomized controlled trial study involving participants who had been diagnosed with Frozen Shoulder. History taking, functional outcome assessment, MMP-1, and TIMP-1 were measured. The prolotherapy via intraarticular and extraarticular was performed four times, followed by the evaluation of functional outcome, MMP-1, and TIMP-1 at week 12

Alternative Hypothesis :

Prolotherapy will increase the MMP-1, TIMP-1 levels, and improve functional outcome among Frozen Shoulder patients

Read the detailed description

Design :

Double-blind randomized trial

Randomization :

Simple Randomization generated by an online randomizer

Sample Size :

Difference between two means of primary outcome where

  1. mean difference (μ 1 - μ 2 ) = 0.47
  2. pool variance = 0.09
  3. Z 1-α/2 = 1.95 with type 1 error 5%
  4. 1-β = 1.282 with power 90%. Yielding 16 patients for each arm

Detailed Intervention

  1. Intervention group: Prolotherapy is given four times (Week 0, Week 2, Week 4, and Week 6)
  2. Comparison group: Normal Saline is given four times with a timeframe similar to the intervention group

Injection location

  1. Rotator Cuff muscles
  2. Intraarticular glenohumeral joint
  3. Subacromial bursa
  4. long-heap of the biceps tendon
  5. Acromioclavicular joint

Statistical analysis :

  1. Descriptive statistic to elaborate baseline characteristic
  2. Assuming the baseline characteristic between groups are similar, the independent t-test will be conducted to see the differences between group, whereas Mann Whitney will be performed for nonparametric data
  3. Difference within-group (baseline and last day) will be measured by paired-t-test or Wilcoxon for non parametric scenario
02

Conditions studied

  • Frozen Shoulder

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Keywords

  • MMP-1
  • TIMP-1
  • Prolotherapy
  • Functional Outcome
  • Frozen Shoulder
03

In context

Bursitis

411 studies on the registry are indexed under Bursitis; 112 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 32 is below the median of 45 across 371 interventional studies indexed under Bursitis.

Browse Bursitis studies →

Lead sponsor

Bumi Herman is the lead sponsor of 2 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
35 Years to 70 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  1. Age 35-70

    1. Diagnosed with frozen shoulder
    2. At least showing symptoms more than 3 months

Exclusion criteria

  1. Receiving other intraarticular injection

    1. Taking Nonsteroid Antiinflammation drugs 1 week prior to intervention
    2. Skin disorder around the injection site
    3. Septic arthritis
05

Study design

Phase
Phase 4
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
32 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Prolotherapy

    A solution of 7.5 ml of 15% dextrose with 2 ml of 40% lidocaine and 10.5 water is given to these shoulder segments as follows. 1. Supraspinatus muscle 2-4 ml 2. Infraspinatus muscle 2-4 ml 3. Teres minor muscle 2-3 ml, 4. Subscapularis muscle 2-3 ml. 5. Intraarticular glenohumeral joint 5 ml 6. Bursa sub acromial 1-2 ml, 7. Long head tendon biceps 1-2 ml 8. Acromioclavicular joint 1 ml

    Drug: Dextrose 15 % in Water

  • Placebo comparator
    Normal Saline 0.9%

    A solution of 20 ml normal saline 0.9% is given to these shoulder segments as follows. 1. Supraspinatus muscle 2-4 ml 2. Infraspinatus muscle 2-4 ml 3. Teres minor muscle 2-3 ml, 4. Subscapularis muscle 2-3 ml. 5. Intraarticular glenohumeral joint 5 ml 6. Bursa sub acromial 1-2 ml, 7. Long head tendon biceps 1-2 ml 8. Acromioclavicular joint 1 ml

    Drug: Normal Saline 20 mL Injection

Interventions

  • DrugDextrose 15 % in Water

    A 15% dextrose solution is given to shoulder segments four times with 2 weeks interval (week 0,2,4, and 6)

    Also known as: Prolotherapy

  • DrugNormal Saline 20 mL Injection

    A Normal Saline 0.9% is given to shoulder segments four times with 2 weeks interval (week 0,2,4, and 6)

    Also known as: Comparator

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 in Blood

    Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 from whole blood measured using Enzyme-linked Immunoassay (ELISA). Mean difference between group will be assessed

    Time frame: changes of Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 value from baseline to week 6

  2. Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase 1 in Blood

    Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase 1 from whole blood measured using Enzyme-linked Immunoassay (ELISA). Mean difference between group will be assessed

    Time frame: changes of Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase 1 value from baseline to week 6

Secondary outcomes

  1. The Functional Outcome of the Shoulder

    The functional outcome is measured using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire where the patient were asked to do simple task involving the arm, shoulder and hand and also the assessment of additional symptoms and impact to daily life. Higher score indicates disabilities

    Time frame: changes of Functional Outcome value from baseline to week 6

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Hasanuddin University, Faculty of Medicine
    Makassar, South Sulawesi 90245, Indonesia
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Akcay S, Gurel Kandemir N, Kaya T, Dogan N, Eren M. Dextrose Prolotherapy Versus Normal Saline Injection for the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2020 Dec;26(12):1159-1168. doi: 10.1089/acm.2020.0286. Epub 2020 Sep 28. PubMed 32990454 ↗
  • Cho CH, Song KS, Kim BS, Kim DH, Lho YM. Biological Aspect of Pathophysiology for Frozen Shoulder. Biomed Res Int. 2018 May 24;2018:7274517. doi: 10.1155/2018/7274517. eCollection 2018. PubMed 29992159 ↗
  • Distel LM, Best TM. Prolotherapy: a clinical review of its role in treating chronic musculoskeletal pain. PM R. 2011 Jun;3(6 Suppl 1):S78-81. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.04.003. PubMed 21703585 ↗
  • Lubis AM, Lubis VK. Matrix metalloproteinase, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in frozen shoulder, and their changes as response to intensive stretching and supervised neglect exercise. J Orthop Sci. 2013 Jul;18(4):519-27. doi: 10.1007/s00776-013-0387-0. Epub 2013 Apr 19. PubMed 23604641 ↗
  • Saltzman BM, Leroux T, Meyer MA, Basques BA, Chahal J, Bach BR Jr, Yanke AB, Cole BJ. The Therapeutic Effect of Intra-articular Normal Saline Injections for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-analysis of Evidence Level 1 Studies. Am J Sports Med. 2017 Sep;45(11):2647-2653. doi: 10.1177/0363546516680607. Epub 2016 Dec 27. PubMed 28027657 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — De-identified data will be shared accordingly

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Dec 22, 2022, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05131269
Lead sponsor
Bumi Herman
Responsible party
Bumi Herman (Assistant Lecturer, Hasanuddin University) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Nov 23, 2021
Start date
Dec 1, 2021
Primary completion
May 31, 2022
Completion
Nov 30, 2022
Last update
Dec 22, 2022

Study contacts

Nuralam Sarif, MD
principal investigator · Hasanuddin University
Irawan Yusuf, PhD
study chair · Hasanuddin University
Endy Adnan, PhD
study chair · Hasanuddin University
Irfan Idris, PhD
study chair · Hasanuddin University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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