ClinicalTrials.gg
Active, not recruitingNCT04942210VYF02Updated Sep 3, 2026Results posted

Study on an Investigational Yellow Fever Vaccine Compared With YF-VAX in Adults in the USA

A Phase 2 interventional study of Yellow fever vaccine (produced on serum-free Vero cells) and Yellow fever vaccine in Yellow Fever and Healthy Volunteers, sponsored by Sanofi Pasteur, a Sanofi Company. Active, not recruiting at 11 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 60 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-03.

Sponsored by Sanofi Pasteur, a Sanofi Company (part of Sanofi) · Phase 2, Interventional, and Prevention

Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
568
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 60 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The primary objective of the study is to demonstrate the non-inferiority of the antibody response in terms of seroconversion rate 28 days after vaccine administration of one dose of yellow fever vaccine (vYF) compared to the antibody response after one dose of the YF-VAX control vaccine in yellow fever naïve participants.

The secondary objectives of the study are:

  • To describe the immune response to yellow fever in both vaccine groups before and after vYF or YF-VAX administration.
  • To describe the safety profile of vYF vaccine in comparison to the safety profile of the control YF-VAX.
  • To describe the biosafety profile of vYF in comparison to the biosafety profile of the control YF-VAX.
Read the detailed description

The duration of each participant's participation will be approximately 5 years.

02

Conditions studied

  • Yellow Fever
  • Healthy Volunteers

Browse trials for

03

In context

Yellow Fever

52 studies on the registry are indexed under Yellow Fever; 10 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 568 is above the median of 112 across 43 interventional studies indexed under Yellow Fever.

Browse Yellow Fever studies →

Lead sponsor

Sanofi Pasteur, a Sanofi Company is the lead sponsor of 374 studies on the registry; 4 are open to participants now.

Of its 94 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 73 (78%) have results posted.

First submitted after Sanofi Pasteur became part of Sanofi.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 60 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Aged 18 years to 60 years on the day of inclusion.
  • A female participant is eligible to participate if she is not pregnant or breastfeeding and one of the following conditions applies:

Is of non-. To be considered of non-childbearing potential, a female must be for at least 1 year, or surgically sterile.

OR Is of childbearing potential and agrees to use an effective method or abstinence from at least 4 weeks prior to vaccination until at least 4 weeks after vaccination. A participant of childbearing potential must have a negative highly sensitive pregnancy test (urine or serum as required by local regulation) before any dose of study intervention on Day 1 and will be repeated on Day 29 to confirm the participant is still not pregnant within the 28 days of vaccine administration.

  • form has been signed and dated.
  • Able to attend all scheduled visits and to comply with all study procedures.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Known or suspected congenital or acquired immunodeficiency; or receipt of therapy, such as anti-cancer chemotherapy, or radiation therapy, within the preceding 6 months; or long-term systemic therapy (prednisone or equivalent for more than 2 consecutive weeks within the past 3 months).
  • Known history of flavivirus infection.
  • Known systemic to any of the vaccine components, eggs, or history of a life-threatening reaction to the vaccines used in the study or to a vaccine containing any of the same substances.
  • Known history or laboratory evidence of infection.
  • Known history of or seropositivity
  • Personal or family history of thymic pathology (thymoma, thymectomy, or myasthenia).
  • Chronic illness that, in the opinion of the Investigator, is at a stage where it might interfere with trial conduct or completion, including , such as leukemia, or lymphoma.
  • Moderate or severe acute illness/infection (according to Investigator judgment) on the day of vaccination or febrile illness (temperature ≥ 100.4°F). A prospective participant should not be included in the study until the condition has resolved or the febrile event has subsided.
  • Administration of any anti-viral within 2 months preceding the vaccination and up to the 6 weeks following the vaccination
  • Receipt of any vaccine in the 4 weeks preceding the study vaccination or planned receipt of any vaccine in the 4 weeks following the study vaccination except for influenza vaccination, which may be received at least 2 weeks before study vaccines. This exception includes monovalent pandemic influenza vaccines and multivalent influenza vaccines.
  • Previous vaccination against a flavivirus disease at any time including YF with either the study vaccine or another vaccine.
  • Receipt of immune globulins, blood, or blood-derived products in the past 6 months.
  • Participation at the time of study enrollment (or in the 4 weeks preceding the study vaccination) or planned participation during the first year of the 5-year follow-up in another clinical study investigating a vaccine, drug, medical device, or medical procedure. Enrollment in another study after the first year is permitted (starting the first day of Year 2, and onwards), assuming it does not exclude participation in this study
  • Deprived of freedom by an administrative or court order, or in an emergency setting, or hospitalized involuntarily.
  • Alcohol, prescription drug, or substance abuse that, in the opinion of the Investigator, might interfere with the study conduct or completion.
  • Identified as an Investigator or employee of the Investigator or study center with direct involvement in the proposed study, or identified as an immediate family member (ie, parent, spouse, natural or adopted child) of the Investigator or employee with direct involvement in the proposed study.
  • Planned travel in a YF endemic country within 6 months of or control vaccine administration.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(12)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Childbearing potential

Able to become pregnant: from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery (removal of the womb, or of both ovaries or both fallopian tubes).

Criteria for people of childbearing potential usually ask for a negative pregnancy test and for contraception during the study and for a time after it.

Postmenopausal

Periods have stopped for good: usually no period for 12 months in a row without another medical reason, sometimes confirmed by a blood test (FSH).

Contraception

Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.

Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Immunosuppression

A weakened immune system. It can come from an illness, such as HIV or some blood cancers, or from medicines that turn the immune system down, for example after an organ transplant or for an autoimmune disease; steroids at higher doses count.

Read whether the line is about a condition or about medicines, and which medicines and doses it means.

Corticosteroids (steroids)

Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.

Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.

Hypersensitivity

An allergy, or another reaction of the immune system, to a substance. “Hypersensitivity to the study drug” means a known allergic reaction to it — not every side effect a medicine can have.

HIV

The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.

Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.

Hepatitis B tests

Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. These are separate tests: HBsAg positive usually means a current infection (a recent vaccination can briefly cause it too); total anti-HBc (HBcAb) positive means an infection now or in the past; HBV DNA measures how much virus is in the blood.

Some studies accept a past infection if HBV DNA is undetectable, sometimes with antiviral medicine during the study. Check what this study allows.

Hepatitis C tests

Hepatitis C is a virus that infects the liver. An HCV antibody test can stay positive after an infection has cleared (and is occasionally positive without one); an HCV RNA test shows whether the virus is there now.

After treatment, hepatitis C counts as cured when HCV RNA is still undetectable 12 weeks or more after the treatment ended. Studies often accept people cured this way.

Cancer (malignancy)

Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.

Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.

Investigational drug or device

A drug or device being studied in a clinical trial.

It may be new, or already approved and being studied for another use, dose or form. Criteria often leave out people who took part in another study of one within a recent period, commonly 30 days or five half-lives.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
568 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    vYF

    1 injection of vYF at Day 1

    Biological: Yellow fever vaccine (produced on serum-free Vero cells)

  • Active comparator
    YF-VAX

    1 injection of YF-VAX at Day 1

    Biological: Yellow fever vaccine

Interventions

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Percentage of Yellow Fever (YF)-Naive Participants Who Achieved Seroconversion 28 Days Post Dose 1

    Seroconversion was defined as a 4-fold increase in Nab titers as compared to the pre-vaccination value. YF-naive participants (or negative) at baseline corresponded to participants with no detectable YF antibody (Ab) titers before vaccination. The YF NAb titers were determined using a validated live virus microneutralization (MN) assay. Percentages are rounded off to the tenth decimal place.

    Time frame: 28 days post dose 1 (Day 29)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Seroconversion

    Seroconversion was defined as a 4-fold increase in Nab titers as compared to the pre-vaccination value: compared to the Day 1 titers at each timepoint up to Month 6; and to the last planned previous timepoint from Year 1 onwards. The YF NAb titers were determined using a validated live virus MN assay. Percentages are rounded off to the tenth decimal place.

    Time frame: Days 1, 11, 29, Month 6, Years 1 and 2

  2. Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Seroprotection

    Seroprotection was defined as NAb titers \>=threshold of 10 (1/dilution). The YF NAb titers were determined using a validated live virus MN assay. Percentages are rounded off to the tenth decimal place.

    Time frame: Days 1, 11, 29, Month 6, Years 1 and 2

  3. Geometric Mean Titers (GMTs) of Antibodies Against Yellow Fever Virus

    GMTs of antibody against YF virus was measured using a validated live virus MN assay.

    Time frame: Days 1, 11, 29, Month 6, Years 1 and 2

  4. Geometric Mean Titers Ratio (GMTRs) of Antibodies Against Yellow Fever Virus

    GMTs of antibody against YF virus was measured using a validated live virus MN assay. Ratio was calculated as post-vaccination titer at Days 11, 29 and Month 6 to pre-vaccination titer at Day 1; post-vaccination titer at Year 1 to pre-vaccination titer at Month 6; post-vaccination titer at Year 2 to pre-vaccination titer at Year 1.

    Time frame: Days 1, 11, 29, Month 6, Years 1 and 2

  5. Number of Participants With Unsolicited Systemic Adverse Events (AEs)

    An unsolicited AE was an observed AE that did not fulfill the conditions of solicited reactions, ie, pre-listed in the CRF in terms of diagnosis and onset window post-vaccination.

    Time frame: Up to 30 minutes post vaccination on Day 1

  6. Number of Participants With Solicited Injection Site Reactions

    A solicited reaction was an "expected" adverse reaction (AR) (sign or symptom) observed and reported under the conditions (nature and onset) pre-listed in the protocol and CRF. An injection site reaction was an AR at and around the injection site of the study vaccine.

    Time frame: Up to 7 days post vaccination (Day 8)

  7. Number of Participants With Solicited Systemic Reactions

    A solicited reaction was an "expected" AR (sign or symptom) observed and reported under the conditions (nature and onset) pre-listed in the protocol and CRF. Solicited systemic reactions were systemic AEs observed and reported under the conditions (nature and onset) pre-listed in the protocol and CRF.

    Time frame: Up to 14 days post vaccination (Day 15)

  8. Number of Participants With Unsolicited Adverse Events

    An unsolicited AE was an observed AE that did not fulfill the conditions of solicited reactions, ie, pre-listed in the CRF in terms of diagnosis and onset window post-vaccination.

    Time frame: Up to 28 days post vaccination (Day 29)

  9. Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) and Adverse Events of Special Interest (AESIs) up to 6 Months Post-Vaccination

    An SAE was any AE that at any dose resulted in death, was life-threatening, required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, was a congenital anomaly/birth defect, or was an important medical event. An AESI (serious or non-serious) was defined as one of scientific and medical concern specific to the Sponsor's study intervention or program, for which ongoing monitoring and rapid communication by the Investigator to the Sponsor could be appropriate. AESIs included serious hypersensitivity/allergic reactions, organ failure/serious viscerotropic events, serious neurologic events.

    Time frame: From the first dose of study vaccine administration (Day 1) up to 6 months post vaccination, approximately up to Day 181

  10. Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events and Deaths up to Day 1155

    An SAE was any AE that at any dose resulted in death, was life-threatening, required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, was a congenital anomaly/birth defect, or was an important medical event.

    Time frame: From the first dose of study vaccine administration (Day 1) up to DBL date of 29 August 2024, approximately up to Day 1155

  11. Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events and Deaths Up to Year 5

    An SAE was any AE that at any dose resulted in death, was life-threatening, required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, was a congenital anomaly/birth defect, or was an important medical event.

    Time frame: From the first dose of study vaccine administration (Day 1) up to end of study, approximately 5 years

  12. Number of Participants With Out-of-Range Biochemistry Parameters

    Blood samples were collected at specified timepoints for assessment of biochemistry parameters: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin (accompanied by any increase in liver function test (LFT) and normal LFT), creatinine and C-reactive protein (CRP). The intensity grading scale for laboratory abnormalities was pre-specified in the protocol. Number of participants with out-of-range biochemistry parameters are presented.

    Time frame: Days 1 and 11

  13. Number of Participants With Out-of-Range Hematology Parameters

    Blood samples were collected at specified timepoints for assessment of hematology parameters: red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), monocytes, basophils, hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell count (WBC) (increase and decrease), neutrophils and lymphocytes (decrease), eosinophils, platelets (decrease). The intensity grading scale for laboratory abnormalities was pre-specified in the protocol. Number of participants with out-of-range hematology parameters are presented.

    Time frame: Days 1 and 11

07

Results

Posted Jun 18, 2025

Participant flow

This study was conducted at 11 sites in the United States of America from 01 July 2021 to 27 May 2022. Interim results are presented up to Year 2 follow-up, data base lock (DBL) date of 29 August 2024.

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestonevYF 0.5 mLYF-VAX 0.5 mL
Started382186
Randomized and vaccinated379186
Completed294150
Not completed8836
Withdrew: Adverse event01
Withdrew: Protocol deviation41
Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject52
Withdrew: Lost to follow-up167
Withdrew: Ongoing at the time of dbl date6025
Withdrew: Randomized but did not receive vaccination30

Outcome measures

PrimaryPercentage of Yellow Fever (YF)-Naive Participants Who Achieved Seroconversion 28 Days Post Dose 1

Seroconversion was defined as a 4-fold increase in Nab titers as compared to the pre-vaccination value. YF-naive participants (or negative) at baseline corresponded to participants with no detectable YF antibody (Ab) titers before vaccination. The YF NAb titers were determined using a validated live virus microneutralization (MN) assay. Percentages are rounded off to the tenth decimal place.

Time frame:
28 days post dose 1 (Day 29)
Reported as:
Number · percentage of participants
Percentage of Yellow Fever (YF)-Naive Participants Who Achieved Seroconversion 28 Days Post Dose 1
percentage of participantsvYF 0.5 mLYF-VAX 0.5 mL
Percentage of Yellow Fever (YF)-Naive Participants Who Achieved Seroconversion 28 Days Post Dose 199.7 (98.3 to 100)99.4 (96.5 to 100)
Statistical analysis
  • vYF 0.5 mL vs YF-VAX 0.5 mL · Difference in percentage of participants: 0.3 · 95% CI -1.2 to 3.295% CI of the difference was calculated from the Wilson score method without continuity correction.
SecondaryPercentage of Participants Who Achieved Seroconversion

Seroconversion was defined as a 4-fold increase in Nab titers as compared to the pre-vaccination value: compared to the Day 1 titers at each timepoint up to Month 6; and to the last planned previous timepoint from Year 1 onwards. The YF NAb titers were determined using a validated live virus MN assay. Percentages are rounded off to the tenth decimal place.

Time frame:
Days 1, 11, 29, Month 6, Years 1 and 2
Reported as:
Number · percentage of participants
Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Seroconversion
percentage of participantsvYF 0.5 mLYF-VAX 0.5 mL
Day 1130.5 (19.2 to 43.9)58.1 (39.1 to 75.5)
Day 2997.8 (95.8 to 99.1)98.4 (95.3 to 99.7)
Month 694.7 (91.7 to 96.8)98.8 (95.8 to 99.9)
Year 14.4 (2.5 to 7.3)4.9 (2.1 to 9.4)
Year 21.4 (0.4 to 3.5)1.3 (0.2 to 4.7)
SecondaryPercentage of Participants Who Achieved Seroprotection

Seroprotection was defined as NAb titers \>=threshold of 10 (1/dilution). The YF NAb titers were determined using a validated live virus MN assay. Percentages are rounded off to the tenth decimal place.

Time frame:
Days 1, 11, 29, Month 6, Years 1 and 2
Reported as:
Number · percentage of participants
Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Seroprotection
percentage of participantsvYF 0.5 mLYF-VAX 0.5 mL
Day 16.2 (4.0 to 9.2)4.4 (1.9 to 8.4)
Day 1139.0 (26.5 to 52.6)61.3 (42.2 to 78.2)
Day 2999.5 (98.1 to 99.9)99.5 (97.0 to 100)
Month 698.8 (97.0 to 99.7)99.4 (96.8 to 100)
Year 197.5 (95.1 to 98.9)97.5 (93.8 to 99.3)
Year 298.6 (96.6 to 99.6)100 (97.6 to 100)
SecondaryGeometric Mean Titers (GMTs) of Antibodies Against Yellow Fever Virus

GMTs of antibody against YF virus was measured using a validated live virus MN assay.

Time frame:
Days 1, 11, 29, Month 6, Years 1 and 2
Reported as:
Geometric mean · titer
Geometric Mean Titers (GMTs) of Antibodies Against Yellow Fever Virus
titervYF 0.5 mLYF-VAX 0.5 mL
Day 15.87 (5.43 to 6.35)5.56 (5.11 to 6.05)
Day 1115.2 (9.69 to 23.7)42.6 (20.4 to 88.9)
Day 292540 (2218 to 2909)3004 (2495 to 3616)
Month 6544 (467 to 633)702 (572 to 861)
Year 1405 (342 to 480)552 (438 to 696)
Year 2196 (169 to 226)245 (200 to 301)
SecondaryGeometric Mean Titers Ratio (GMTRs) of Antibodies Against Yellow Fever Virus

GMTs of antibody against YF virus was measured using a validated live virus MN assay. Ratio was calculated as post-vaccination titer at Days 11, 29 and Month 6 to pre-vaccination titer at Day 1; post-vaccination titer at Year 1 to pre-vaccination titer at Month 6; post-vaccination titer at Year 2 to pre-vaccination titer at Year 1.

Time frame:
Days 1, 11, 29, Month 6, Years 1 and 2
Reported as:
Geometric mean · ratio
Geometric Mean Titers Ratio (GMTRs) of Antibodies Against Yellow Fever Virus
ratiovYF 0.5 mLYF-VAX 0.5 mL
Day 11/Day 12.16 (1.49 to 3.12)5.57 (2.96 to 10.5)
Day 29/Day 1227 (194 to 264)280 (227 to 344)
Month 6/Day 149.6 (42.3 to 58.1)66.3 (53.7 to 81.8)
Year 1/Month 60.742 (0.661 to 0.832)0.777 (0.658 to 0.916)
Year 2/Year 10.473 (0.426 to 0.524)0.426 (0.367 to 0.495)
SecondaryNumber of Participants With Unsolicited Systemic Adverse Events (AEs)

An unsolicited AE was an observed AE that did not fulfill the conditions of solicited reactions, ie, pre-listed in the CRF in terms of diagnosis and onset window post-vaccination.

Time frame:
Up to 30 minutes post vaccination on Day 1
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With Unsolicited Systemic Adverse Events (AEs)
ParticipantsvYF 0.5 mLYF-VAX 0.5 mL
Number of Participants With Unsolicited Systemic Adverse Events (AEs)10
SecondaryNumber of Participants With Solicited Injection Site Reactions

A solicited reaction was an "expected" adverse reaction (AR) (sign or symptom) observed and reported under the conditions (nature and onset) pre-listed in the protocol and CRF. An injection site reaction was an AR at and around the injection site of the study vaccine.

Time frame:
Up to 7 days post vaccination (Day 8)
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With Solicited Injection Site Reactions
ParticipantsvYF 0.5 mLYF-VAX 0.5 mL
Number of Participants With Solicited Injection Site Reactions11564
SecondaryNumber of Participants With Solicited Systemic Reactions

A solicited reaction was an "expected" AR (sign or symptom) observed and reported under the conditions (nature and onset) pre-listed in the protocol and CRF. Solicited systemic reactions were systemic AEs observed and reported under the conditions (nature and onset) pre-listed in the protocol and CRF.

Time frame:
Up to 14 days post vaccination (Day 15)
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With Solicited Systemic Reactions
ParticipantsvYF 0.5 mLYF-VAX 0.5 mL
Number of Participants With Solicited Systemic Reactions178102
SecondaryNumber of Participants With Unsolicited Adverse Events

An unsolicited AE was an observed AE that did not fulfill the conditions of solicited reactions, ie, pre-listed in the CRF in terms of diagnosis and onset window post-vaccination.

Time frame:
Up to 28 days post vaccination (Day 29)
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With Unsolicited Adverse Events
ParticipantsvYF 0.5 mLYF-VAX 0.5 mL
Number of Participants With Unsolicited Adverse Events9940
SecondaryNumber of Participants With Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) and Adverse Events of Special Interest (AESIs) up to 6 Months Post-Vaccination

An SAE was any AE that at any dose resulted in death, was life-threatening, required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, was a congenital anomaly/birth defect, or was an important medical event. An AESI (serious or non-serious) was defined as one of scientific and medical concern specific to the Sponsor's study intervention or program, for which ongoing monitoring and rapid communication by the Investigator to the Sponsor could be appropriate. AESIs included serious hypersensitivity/allergic reactions, organ failure/serious viscerotropic events, serious neurologic events.

Time frame:
From the first dose of study vaccine administration (Day 1) up to 6 months post vaccination, approximately up to Day 181
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) and Adverse Events of Special Interest (AESIs) up to 6 Months Post-Vaccination
ParticipantsvYF 0.5 mLYF-VAX 0.5 mL
SAEs62
AESIs00
SecondaryNumber of Participants With Serious Adverse Events and Deaths up to Day 1155

An SAE was any AE that at any dose resulted in death, was life-threatening, required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, was a congenital anomaly/birth defect, or was an important medical event.

Time frame:
From the first dose of study vaccine administration (Day 1) up to DBL date of 29 August 2024, approximately up to Day 1155
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events and Deaths up to Day 1155
ParticipantsvYF 0.5 mLYF-VAX 0.5 mL
SAEs65
Deaths21
SecondaryNumber of Participants With Serious Adverse Events and Deaths Up to Year 5

An SAE was any AE that at any dose resulted in death, was life-threatening, required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, was a congenital anomaly/birth defect, or was an important medical event.

Time frame:
From the first dose of study vaccine administration (Day 1) up to end of study, approximately 5 years

Results for this outcome have not been posted.

SecondaryNumber of Participants With Out-of-Range Biochemistry Parameters

Blood samples were collected at specified timepoints for assessment of biochemistry parameters: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin (accompanied by any increase in liver function test (LFT) and normal LFT), creatinine and C-reactive protein (CRP). The intensity grading scale for laboratory abnormalities was pre-specified in the protocol. Number of participants with out-of-range biochemistry parameters are presented.

Time frame:
Days 1 and 11
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With Out-of-Range Biochemistry Parameters
ParticipantsvYF 0.5 mLYF-VAX 0.5 mL
Day 1: ALT40
Day 11: ALT61
Day 1: AST30
Day 11: AST52
Day 1: CPK96
Day 11: CPK76
Day 1: ALP30
Day 11: ALP20
Day 1: Bilirubin (Any increase in LFT)00
Day 11: Bilirubin (Any increase in LFT)00
Day 1: Bilirubin (Normal LFT)11
Day 11: Bilirubin (Normal LFT)11
Day 1: Creatinine42
Day 11: Creatinine82
Day 1: CRP44
Day 11: CRP54
SecondaryNumber of Participants With Out-of-Range Hematology Parameters

Blood samples were collected at specified timepoints for assessment of hematology parameters: red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), monocytes, basophils, hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell count (WBC) (increase and decrease), neutrophils and lymphocytes (decrease), eosinophils, platelets (decrease). The intensity grading scale for laboratory abnormalities was pre-specified in the protocol. Number of participants with out-of-range hematology parameters are presented.

Time frame:
Days 1 and 11
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With Out-of-Range Hematology Parameters
ParticipantsvYF 0.5 mLYF-VAX 0.5 mL
Day 1: RBC74
Day 11: RBC115
Day 1: Hematocrit126
Day 11: Hematocrit105
Day 1: MCV73
Day 11: MCV52
Day 1: Monocytes61
Day 11: Monocytes64
Day 1: Basophils00
Day 11: Basophils00
Day 1: Hb127
Day 11: Hb106
Day 1: WBC increase21
Day 11: WBC increase130
Day 1: WBC decrease21
Day 11: WBC decrease130
Day 1: Neutrophils decrease21
Day 11: Neutrophils decrease83
Day 1: Lymphocytes decrease00
Day 11: Lymphocytes decrease21
Day 1: Eosinophils12
Day 11: Eosinophils12
Day 1: Platelets decrease41
Day 11: Platelets decrease50

Adverse events

Collected over AEs, SAEs and all-cause mortality (deaths) were collected from the first dose of study vaccine administration (Day 1) up to DBL date of 29 August 2024, approximately up to Day 1155. Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
vYF 0.5 mL2/379 (0.5%)6/379 (1.6%)206/379 (54.4%)
YF-VAX 0.5 mL1/186 (0.5%)5/186 (2.7%)113/186 (60.8%)
Most frequent serious events
Showing 10 of 11
Most frequent serious events
EventvYF 0.5 mLYF-VAX 0.5 mL
Blood Loss AnaemiaBlood and lymphatic system disorders0/3791/186
Atrial FibrillationCardiac disorders0/3791/186
DeathGeneral disorders0/3791/186
AppendicitisInfections and infestations0/3791/186
Pelvic FractureInjury, poisoning and procedural complications0/3791/186
OverdoseInjury, poisoning and procedural complications2/3790/186
Abdominal Pain UpperGastrointestinal disorders1/3790/186
CellulitisInfections and infestations1/3790/186
Flank PainMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders1/3790/186
Suicidal IdeationPsychiatric disorders1/3790/186
Most frequent other events
Most frequent other events
EventvYF 0.5 mLYF-VAX 0.5 mL
HeadacheNervous system disorders134/37970/186
MalaiseGeneral disorders110/37963/186
MyalgiaMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders114/37959/186
Injection Site PainGeneral disorders105/37958/186
Injection Site ErythemaGeneral disorders27/3798/186

Baseline characteristics

The randomized population included all participants with data in the case report form (CRF).

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)vYF 0.5 mLYF-VAX 0.5 mLTotal
Mean40.0 ± 11.8739.3 ± 11.8839.7 ± 11.87
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)vYF 0.5 mLYF-VAX 0.5 mLTotal
Female234116350
Male14870218
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity, Customized(Participants)vYF 0.5 mLYF-VAX 0.5 mLTotal
American Indian or Alaska Native426
Asian151227
Black or African American9353146
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander011
White258112370
Multiple origin628
Not Reported516
Unknown134
08

Study locations

11 sites
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Feroldi E, Mulligan MJ, Talaat KR, Tan CS, Paolino K, Edupuganti S, Collins MH, George SL, Davis M, Essink B, Jeanfreau R, Peterson J, Fried D, Minutello AM, Orlando S, Korejwo J, Rojas A, Dufournet M, Machabert T, Devlin L, Frago C; vYF Vaccine Study Team. Immunogenicity and Safety of vYF, a Yellow Fever Vaccine - A Phase 2 Trial. N Engl J Med. 2026 Apr 9;394(14):1399-1408. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2505665. PubMed 41950474 ↗

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — Qualified researchers may request access to patient level data and related study documents including the clinical study report, study protocol with any amendments, blank case report form, statistical analysis plan, and dataset specifications. Patient level data will be anonymized and study documents will be redacted to protect the privacy of trial participants. Further details on Sanofi's data sharing criteria, eligible studies, and process for requesting access can be found at: https://vivli.org

10

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Ran from Jul 2021 to primary completion in Jun 2022, 11 months.

Results were first posted in Jun 2025, 2 years 11 months after primary completion. A results delay was requested in Jun 2023.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jun 25, 2021
First posted
Jun 28, 2021
StartActual
Jul 1, 2021
Primary completionActual
Jun 24, 2022
CompletionEst.
Jun 29, 2027
Results delay requested
Jun 21, 2023
Results first posted
Jun 18, 2025
Last update
Sep 3, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 3, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04942210
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Jun 28, 2021
Start date
Jul 1, 2021
Primary completion
Jun 24, 2022
Completion
Jun 29, 2027 (estimated)
Results posted
Jun 18, 2025
Last update
Sep 3, 2026

Study contacts

Clinical Sciences & Operations
study director · Sanofi Pasteur, a Sanofi Company

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is active, not recruiting, as verified in Aug 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

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Studies of the drug tested here: Yellow Fever Vaccine

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