CClinicalTrials.gg
Active, not recruitingNCT04879628Updated Sep 28, 2026Results posted

Proof-of-concept Study for SAR441344 (Frexalimab) in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

A Phase 2 interventional study of SAR441344 IV and placebo IV in Multiple Sclerosis, sponsored by Sanofi. Active, not recruiting at 37 sites in 10 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 55 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-28.

Sponsored by Sanofi · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
129
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 55 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Primary Objective:

To determine the efficacy of SAR441344 as measured by reduction of the number of new active brain lesions

Secondary Objective:

  • To evaluate efficacy of SAR441344 on disease activity as assessed by other MRI measures
  • To evaluate the safety and tolerability of SAR441344
  • To evaluate pharmacokinetics of SAR441344
Read the detailed description

The duration of each participant will be no longer than 320weeks in both parts of the study, including 4 weeks of screening, at maximum 292 weeks of treatment and 24 weeks of follow-up.

02

Conditions studied

  • Multiple Sclerosis

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03

In context

Multiple Sclerosis

3,460 studies on the registry are indexed under Multiple Sclerosis; 661 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 129 is above the median of 50 across 2,342 interventional studies indexed under Multiple Sclerosis.

Browse Multiple Sclerosis studies →

Lead sponsor

Sanofi is the lead sponsor of 1,508 studies on the registry; 90 are open to participants now.

Of its 198 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 118 (60%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 55 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Participant must be 18 to 55 years of age inclusive, at the time of signing the informed consent.
  • The participant must have been diagnosed with RMS (relapsing-remitting MS and secondary progressive MS participants with relapses) according to the 2017 revision of the McDonald diagnostic criteria.
  • The participant must have at least 1 documented relapse within the previous year, or ≥2 documented relapses within the previous 2 years, or ≥1 active Gd-enhancing brain lesion on an MRI scan in the past 6 months and prior to screening.
  • Body weight within 45 to 120 kg (inclusive) and body mass index (BMI) within the range 18.0 to 35.0 kg/m2 (inclusive) at Screening.
  • Contraceptive use by men and women should be consistent with local regulations regarding the methods of contraception for those participating in clinical studies.
  • Capable of giving signed informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria:

  • The participant was diagnosed with PPMS according to the 2017 revision of the McDonald diagnostic criteria or with non-relapsing SPMS.
  • The participant had conditions or situations that would adversely affect participation in this study.
  • The participant had a history of or currently has concomitant medical or clinical conditions that would adversely affect participation in this study.
  • History, clinical evidence, suspicion or significant risk for thromboembolic events, as well as myocardial infarction, stroke and/or antiphosholipid syndrome and any participants requiring antithrombotic treatment.
  • Allergies to humanized monoclonal antibodies or severe post-treatment hypersensitivity reactions other than localized injection site reaction, to any biological molecule.
  • The participant had received any of the forbidden medications/treatments within the specified time frame before any baseline assessment.
  • The participant had taken other investigational drug within 3 months or 5-half-live, whichever is longer, before the screening visit.
  • The participant had an EDSS score >5.5 at the first screening visit.
  • The participant had a relapse in the 30 days prior to randomization.
  • Positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serology (anti HIV1 and anti HIV2 antibodies) or a known history of HIV infection, active or in remission.
  • Abnormal laboratory test(s) at Screening.
  • Presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or anti-Hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc Ab) at screening or within 3 months prior to first dose of study intervention.
  • Positive Hepatitis C antibody test result at screening or within 3 months prior to starting study intervention.

The above information is not intended to contain all considerations relevant to a patient's potential participation in a clinical trial.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
129 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Intravenous (IV) SAR441344

    SAR441344 IV

    Drug: SAR441344 IV · Drug: MRI contrast-enhancing preparations

  • Placebo comparator
    IV Placebo

    Placebo IV

    Drug: placebo IV · Drug: MRI contrast-enhancing preparations

  • Experimental
    Subcutaneous (SC) SAR441344

    SAR441344 SC

    Drug: SAR441344 SC · Drug: MRI contrast-enhancing preparations

  • Placebo comparator
    SC Placebo

    Placebo SC

    Drug: placebo SC · Drug: MRI contrast-enhancing preparations

Interventions

  • DrugSAR441344 IV

    Pharmaceutical form: Solution Route of administration: IV infusion

  • Drugplacebo IV

    Pharmaceutical form: Solution Route of administration: IV infusion

  • DrugSAR441344 SC

    Pharmaceutical form: Solution Route of administration: SC injection

  • Drugplacebo SC

    Pharmaceutical form: Solution Route of administration: SC injection

  • DrugMRI contrast-enhancing preparations

    gadolinium compound, including but not limited to Magnevist, Multihance, Prohance, or Elucirem

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Mean Number of New Gadolinium (Gd)-Enhancing T1--Hyperintense (GdE T1) Lesions at Week 12 Relative to Week 8 as Measured by Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

    Cranial (brain) MRI was performed to identify number of new GdE T1-hyperintense lesions at Week 12 relative to Week 8 MRI. Central review was used to identify new GdE T1 lesions not present at the previous MRI scans.

    Time frame: Week 8 and Week 12

Secondary outcomes

  1. Mean Number of New or Enlarging T2 Lesions at Week 12 Relative to Week 8

    Cranial (brain) MRI was performed to identify number of new or enlarging T2 lesions at Week 12 relative to Week 8.

    Time frame: Week 8 and Week 12

  2. Mean Total Number of GdE T1 Lesions at Week 12

    Cranial (brain) MRI was performed to identify total number of GdE T1 lesions at Week 12.

    Time frame: Baseline (Day 1) and Week 12

  3. Double-Blind Period: Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Treatment-Emergent Serious Adverse Events (TESAEs)

    An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of study drug, whether or not considered related to the study drug. An SAE was any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose: resulted in death, was life-threatening, required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, was a congenital anomaly/birth defect or was an important medical event. TEAEs were defined as AEs that developed, worsened or became serious during the TE period.

    Time frame: From first dose of study drug (Day 1) up to 12 weeks (DB TE period)

  4. Double-Blind Period: Number of Participant With Anti-Drug Antibodies (ADAs) Against SAR441344

    Blood samples were collected at specified timepoints to assess the presence of ADAs against SAR441344. Treatment-emergent ADA was defined as at least 1 treatment-induced/boosted ADA. Treatment-induced ADA was defined as ADA that developed during the TE period and without pre-existing ADA (including participants without pre-treatment samples). Treatment-boosted ADA was defined as pre-existing ADA that was boosted during the TE period to a significant higher titer than the baseline. Number of participants with treatment-emergent ADA are presented.

    Time frame: From first dose of study drug (Day 1) up to 12 weeks (DB TE period)

  5. Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of SAR441344

    Blood samples were collected at the specified timepoints for the assessment of Cmax. Cmax was assessed by a Bayesian approach using the population pharmacokinetic (PK) model.

    Time frame: After dose on Day 1 (first dose) and Weeks 8 (IV arm) and 10 (SC arm) (last dose)

  6. Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of SAR441344

    Blood samples were collected at the specified timepoints for the assessment of tmax. tmax was assessed by a Bayesian approach using the population PK model.

    Time frame: After dose on Day 1 (first dose) and Weeks 8 (IV arm) and 10 (SC arm) (last dose)

  7. Area Under the Curve Over the Dosing Interval (AUC0-tau) of SAR441344

    Blood samples were collected at the specified timepoints for the assessment of AUC0-tau. AUC0-tau was assessed by a Bayesian approach using the population PK model.

    Time frame: After dose on Day 1 (first dose) and Weeks 8 (IV arm) and 10 (SC arm) (last dose)

07

Results

Posted Sep 30, 2025

Participant flow

The study was conducted at 38 centers in 10 countries. A total of 176 participants were screened from 07 June 2021 to 08 June 2022, of which 47 were screen failures. Screen failures were mainly due to not meeting the eligibility criteria. Primary results are presented up to primary completion date (PCD) of 21 September 2022.

Part A: DB Period (Up to Week 12)
Participant flow — Part A: DB Period (Up to Week 12)
MilestoneSC PlaceboIV PlaceboSC SAR441344 300 mgIV SAR441344 1200 mg
Started14125152
Completed14124950
Not completed0022
Withdrew: Adverse event: related to coronavirus disease 20190010
Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject0010
Withdrew: Emergency situation due to war in ukraine0002
Part B: OLE Period (Up to Week 296)
Participant flow — Part B: OLE Period (Up to Week 296)
MilestoneSC PlaceboIV PlaceboSC SAR441344 300 mgIV SAR441344 1200 mg
Started006362
Completed0000
Not completed006362
Withdrew: Ongoing at the time of pcd006362

Outcome measures

PrimaryMean Number of New Gadolinium (Gd)-Enhancing T1--Hyperintense (GdE T1) Lesions at Week 12 Relative to Week 8 as Measured by Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Cranial (brain) MRI was performed to identify number of new GdE T1-hyperintense lesions at Week 12 relative to Week 8 MRI. Central review was used to identify new GdE T1 lesions not present at the previous MRI scans.

Time frame:
Week 8 and Week 12
Reported as:
Least squares mean · number of new GdE T1 lesions per month
Mean Number of New Gadolinium (Gd)-Enhancing T1--Hyperintense (GdE T1) Lesions at Week 12 Relative to Week 8 as Measured by Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
number of new GdE T1 lesions per monthPlaceboSC SAR441344 300 mgIV SAR441344 1200 mg
Mean Number of New Gadolinium (Gd)-Enhancing T1--Hyperintense (GdE T1) Lesions at Week 12 Relative to Week 8 as Measured by Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)1.4 (0.62 to 2.98)0.3 (0.13 to 0.59)0.2 (0.06 to 0.39)
Statistical analysis
  • Placebo vs SC SAR441344 300 mg · Rate ratio: 0.21 · 95% CI 0.08 to 0.56
  • Placebo vs IV SAR441344 1200 mg · Rate ratio: 0.11 · 95% CI 0.03 to 0.38
SecondaryMean Number of New or Enlarging T2 Lesions at Week 12 Relative to Week 8

Cranial (brain) MRI was performed to identify number of new or enlarging T2 lesions at Week 12 relative to Week 8.

Time frame:
Week 8 and Week 12
Reported as:
Mean · number of new or enlarging T2 lesions
Mean Number of New or Enlarging T2 Lesions at Week 12 Relative to Week 8
number of new or enlarging T2 lesionsPlaceboSC SAR441344 300 mgIV SAR441344 1200 mg
Mean Number of New or Enlarging T2 Lesions at Week 12 Relative to Week 83.8 ± 6.20.6 ± 1.80.3 ± 0.7
SecondaryMean Total Number of GdE T1 Lesions at Week 12

Cranial (brain) MRI was performed to identify total number of GdE T1 lesions at Week 12.

Time frame:
Baseline (Day 1) and Week 12
Reported as:
Mean · number of GdE T1 lesions
Mean Total Number of GdE T1 Lesions at Week 12
number of GdE T1 lesionsPlaceboSC SAR441344 300 mgIV SAR441344 1200 mg
Mean Total Number of GdE T1 Lesions at Week 123.7 ± 7.40.5 ± 1.50.2 ± 0.5
SecondaryDouble-Blind Period: Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Treatment-Emergent Serious Adverse Events (TESAEs)

An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of study drug, whether or not considered related to the study drug. An SAE was any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose: resulted in death, was life-threatening, required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, was a congenital anomaly/birth defect or was an important medical event. TEAEs were defined as AEs that developed, worsened or became serious during the TE period.

Time frame:
From first dose of study drug (Day 1) up to 12 weeks (DB TE period)
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Double-Blind Period: Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Treatment-Emergent Serious Adverse Events (TESAEs)
ParticipantsSC PlaceboIV PlaceboSC SAR441344 300 mgIV SAR441344 1200 mg
TEAEs532315
TESAEs0000
SecondaryDouble-Blind Period: Number of Participant With Anti-Drug Antibodies (ADAs) Against SAR441344

Blood samples were collected at specified timepoints to assess the presence of ADAs against SAR441344. Treatment-emergent ADA was defined as at least 1 treatment-induced/boosted ADA. Treatment-induced ADA was defined as ADA that developed during the TE period and without pre-existing ADA (including participants without pre-treatment samples). Treatment-boosted ADA was defined as pre-existing ADA that was boosted during the TE period to a significant higher titer than the baseline. Number of participants with treatment-emergent ADA are presented.

Time frame:
From first dose of study drug (Day 1) up to 12 weeks (DB TE period)
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Double-Blind Period: Number of Participant With Anti-Drug Antibodies (ADAs) Against SAR441344
ParticipantsSC PlaceboIV PlaceboSC SAR441344 300 mgIV SAR441344 1200 mg
Double-Blind Period: Number of Participant With Anti-Drug Antibodies (ADAs) Against SAR4413440030
SecondaryMaximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of SAR441344

Blood samples were collected at the specified timepoints for the assessment of Cmax. Cmax was assessed by a Bayesian approach using the population pharmacokinetic (PK) model.

Time frame:
After dose on Day 1 (first dose) and Weeks 8 (IV arm) and 10 (SC arm) (last dose)
Reported as:
Mean · microgram per milliliter (mcg/mL)
Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of SAR441344
microgram per milliliter (mcg/mL)SC SAR441344 300 mgIV SAR441344 1200 mg
After first dose196 ± 34.4623 ± 125
After last dose101 ± 20.9580 ± 116
SecondaryTime to Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of SAR441344

Blood samples were collected at the specified timepoints for the assessment of tmax. tmax was assessed by a Bayesian approach using the population PK model.

Time frame:
After dose on Day 1 (first dose) and Weeks 8 (IV arm) and 10 (SC arm) (last dose)
Reported as:
Median · hour
Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of SAR441344
hourSC SAR441344 300 mgIV SAR441344 1200 mg
After first dose1.5 (1 to 1.5)1.5 (1 to 2)
After last dose97.2 (79 to 123)1.38 (0.92 to 1.77)
SecondaryArea Under the Curve Over the Dosing Interval (AUC0-tau) of SAR441344

Blood samples were collected at the specified timepoints for the assessment of AUC0-tau. AUC0-tau was assessed by a Bayesian approach using the population PK model.

Time frame:
After dose on Day 1 (first dose) and Weeks 8 (IV arm) and 10 (SC arm) (last dose)
Reported as:
Mean · mcg*hour/mL
Area Under the Curve Over the Dosing Interval (AUC0-tau) of SAR441344
mcg*hour/mLSC SAR441344 300 mgIV SAR441344 1200 mg
After first dose32800 ± 3560157000 ± 23900
After last dose31900 ± 7580190000 ± 39400

Adverse events

Collected over AEs and SAEs were collected from first dose of study drug (Day 1) up to 12 weeks (DB TE period). All-cause mortality (deaths) were collected from screening (Week -4) up to PCD of 21 September 2022, approximately up to 67 weeks. Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
SC Placebo0/14 (0%)0/14 (0%)5/14 (35.7%)
IV Placebo0/12 (0%)0/12 (0%)3/12 (25%)
SC SAR441344 300 mg0/51 (0%)0/51 (0%)9/51 (17.6%)
IV SAR441344 1200 mg0/52 (0%)0/52 (0%)6/52 (11.5%)
Most frequent other events
Showing 10 of 21
Most frequent other events
EventSC PlaceboIV PlaceboSC SAR441344 300 mgIV SAR441344 1200 mg
Covid-19Infections and infestations0/140/125/510/52
LeukopeniaBlood and lymphatic system disorders0/141/120/511/52
AlopeciaSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders0/141/120/510/52
ErythemaSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders0/141/120/510/52
PruritusSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders0/141/120/510/52
Injection Site PainGeneral disorders0/141/121/511/52
Injury Associated With DeviceGeneral disorders0/141/120/510/52
Non-Cardiac Chest PainGeneral disorders0/141/120/510/52
PyrexiaGeneral disorders0/141/120/510/52
NasopharyngitisInfections and infestations1/140/122/512/52

Baseline characteristics

The randomized population included all participants from screened population who were allocated to a randomized study drug by interactive response technology regardless of whether the study drug was received.

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)SC PlaceboIV PlaceboSC SAR441344 300 mgIV SAR441344 1200 mgTotal
Mean31.6 ± 10.832.3 ± 7.738.2 ± 8.937.3 ± 9.336.6 ± 9.4
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)SC PlaceboIV PlaceboSC SAR441344 300 mgIV SAR441344 1200 mgTotal
Female107313785
Male45201544
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity, Customized(Participants)SC PlaceboIV PlaceboSC SAR441344 300 mgIV SAR441344 1200 mgTotal
Black or African American00101
White14125052128
08

Study locations

37 sites
  • Center for Neurology and Spine- Site Number : 8400007
    Phoenix, Arizona 85032, United States
  • University of South Florida Site Number : 8400001
    Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
  • The Neurological Institute Site Number : 8400004
    Charlotte, North Carolina 28204, United States
  • Medical College of Wisconsin- Site Number : 8400006
    Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
  • Investigational Site Number : 1000002
    Pleven, 5809, Bulgaria
  • Investigational Site Number : 1000003
    Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
  • Investigational Site Number : 1000001
    Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
  • Investigational Site Number : 1240001
    Gatineau, Quebec J8Y 1W2, Canada
  • Investigational Site Number : 2030003
    Brno, 65691, Czechia
  • Investigational Site Number : 2030002
    Hradec Králové, 50005, Czechia
  • Investigational Site Number : 2030001
    Jihlava, 58633, Czechia
  • Investigational Site Number : 2030005
    Ostrava - Poruba, 70852, Czechia
  • Investigational Site Number : 2030004
    Teplice, 415 29, Czechia
  • Investigational Site Number : 2500006
    Calais, 62107, France
  • Investigational Site Number : 2760012
    Leipzig, 04103, Germany
  • Investigational Site Number : 2760004
    Münster, 48149, Germany
  • Investigational Site Number : 6430002
    Kazan', 420032, Russia
  • Investigational Site Number : 6430007
    Moscow, 117556, Russia
  • Investigational Site Number : 6430006
    Moscow, 117997, Russia
  • Investigational Site Number : 6430001
    Moscow, 127015, Russia
  • Investigational Site Number : 6430003
    Saint Petersburg, 194044, Russia
  • Investigational Site Number : 6430005
    Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia
  • Investigational Site Number : 6430004
    Saint Petersburg, 197110, Russia
  • Investigational Site Number : 6430008
    Tyumen, 625000, Russia
  • Investigational Site Number : 7240004
    Barcelona, Barcelona [Barcelona] 08035, Spain
  • Investigational Site Number : 7240002
    Vigo, 36312, Spain
  • Investigational Site Number : 7920004
    Eskişehir, 26040, Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Investigational Site Number : 7920003
    Istanbul, 34265, Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Investigational Site Number : 7920001
    İzmit, 41380, Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Investigational Site Number : 7920002
    Mersin, 33070, Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Investigational Site Number : 8040010
    Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine
  • Investigational Site Number : 8040006
    Dnipro, 49089, Ukraine
  • Investigational Site Number : 8040008
    Ivano-Frankivsk, 76493, Ukraine
  • Investigational Site Number : 8040002
    Kyiv, 01135, Ukraine
  • Investigational Site Number : 8040004
    Lviv, 79013, Ukraine
  • Investigational Site Number : 8040003
    Odesa, 65025, Ukraine
  • Investigational Site Number : 8040005
    Vinnytsia, 21001, Ukraine
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Vermersch P, Granziera C, Mao-Draayer Y, Cutter G, Kalbus O, Staikov I, Dufek M, Saubadu S, Bejuit R, Truffinet P, Djukic B, Wallstroem E, Giovannoni G; Frexalimab Phase 2 Trial Group. Inhibition of CD40L with Frexalimab in Multiple Sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2024 Feb 15;390(7):589-600. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2309439. PubMed 38354138 ↗

Study documents

  • Study protocol · Nov 18, 2024
  • Statistical analysis plan · Oct 18, 2022

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — Qualified researchers may request access to patient level data and related study documents including the clinical study report, study protocol with any amendments, blank case report form, statistical analysis plan, and dataset specifications. Patient level data will be anonymized and study documents will be redacted to protect the privacy of trial participants. Further details on Sanofi's data sharing criteria, eligible studies, and process for requesting access can be found at: https://vivli.org

10

Updates

1 registry update since Sep 25, 2026
Minor edits
Nothing that changes what the study is or who can join. Edited: verification date
1 update, last Sep 28, 2026
Show all 1 update
  1. Sep 28, 2026
    Minor edits only
    + 1 other change: verification date

From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04879628
Lead sponsor
Sanofi
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
May 10, 2021
Start date
Jun 7, 2021
Primary completion
Sep 21, 2022
Completion
Aug 23, 2027 (estimated)
Results posted
Sep 30, 2025
Last update
Sep 28, 2026

Study contacts

Clinical Sciences & Operations
study director · Sanofi

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is active, not recruiting, as verified in Sep 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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