CClinicalTrials.gg
TerminatedNCT04847232Updated Jun 18, 2025Results posted

Effect of Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate on Arrythmia-related Cardiovascular Outcomes in Participants on Chronic Hemodialysis With Recurrent Hyperkalemia (DIALIZE-Outcomes)

A Phase 3 interventional study of Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate (SZC) and SZC Placebo in Hyperkalemia, sponsored by AstraZeneca. Terminated at 340 sites in 26 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 130 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-06-18.

Sponsored by AstraZeneca · Phase 3, Interventional, and Treatment

Why this study was terminated
The event rate observed in the study continued to be below primary assumptions, so that the completion of the study within a reasonable timeframe was deemed very unlikely.
Phase
Phase 3
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
2,690
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 130 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate (SZC) on arrhythmia-related cardiovascular outcomes in participants on chronic hemodialysis with recurrent hyperkalemia.

Read the detailed description

This is an international, multicenter, event-driven, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled study, evaluating the utility of SZC versus placebo to reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD), stroke, and arrhythmia-related hospitalizations, interventions, and emergency department (ED) visits in participants on chronic hemodialysis with recurrent hyperkalemia.

02

Conditions studied

  • Hyperkalemia

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Keywords

  • Hemodialysis
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Cardiovascular Events
  • Atrial Fibrillation
  • Ventricular Tachycardia
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 130 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  1. Capable of giving signed informed consent which includes compliance with the requirements and restrictions listed in the ICF and in this protocol
  2. Provision of signed and dated, written ICF prior to any mandatory study specific procedures, sampling, and analyses
  3. Must be ≥ 18 years of age, at the time of signing the ICF.
  4. Receiving hemodialysis (or hemodiafiltration) 3 times a week for treatment of ESRD for ≥ 4 months before enrollment
  5. Must have hemodialysis access consisting of an arteriovenous fistula, arteriovenous graft, or tunneled (permanent) catheter which is expected to remain in place for the entire duration of the study
  6. At least 2 out of 3 pre-dialysis S K ≥ 5.5 mmol/L after the LIDI during screening
  7. Negative pregnancy test for female participants of childbearing potential
  8. Female participants must be 1 year postmenopausal, surgically sterile, or using one highly effective form of birth control (defined as one that can achieve a failure rate of less than 1% per year when used consistently and correctly). They should have been stable on their chosen method of birth control for a minimum of 3 months before entering the study and willing to remain on the birth control until 12 weeks after the last dose

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Pseudohyperkalemia secondary to hemolyzed blood specimen (this situation is not considered screening failure, sampling or full screening can be postponed to a later time as applicable)
  2. Presence of cardiac arrhythmias or conduction defects that require immediate treatment
  3. Participants who have a pacemaker or implantable cardiac defibrillator
  4. Any medical condition, including active, clinically significant infection or liver disease, that in the opinion of the investigator or sponsor may pose a safety risk to a participant in this study, confound safety or efficacy assessment and jeopardize the quality of the data, or interfere with study participation, or any other restrictions or contraindications in the local prescribing information for SZC
  5. History of QT prolongation associated with other medications that required discontinuation of that medication
  6. Congenital long QT syndrome
  7. QTcF > 550 msec
  8. Atrial fibrillation requiring immediate/urgent intervention at screening or randomizations
  9. Treated with sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS, Kayexalate, Resonium), calcium polystyrene sulfonate (CPS Resonium Calcium), patiromer (Veltassa), or SZC (Lokelma) within 7 days before screening or anticipated requiring chronic use of any of these agents during the study. If participant requires rescue therapy (potassium binder or dialysate S-K change during screening period), the participant will be screen failed
  10. Participation in another clinical study with an investigational product, device, or non-standard hemodialysis procedure administered within one month before screening
  11. Involvement in the planning and/or conduct of the study (applies to both AstraZeneca staff and/or staff at the study site)
  12. Judgment by the investigator that the participant should not participate in the study if the participant is unlikely to comply with study procedures, restrictions, and requirements
  13. Previous randomization in the present study
  14. Females who are pregnant (confirmed with positive pregnancy test or a uterine ultrasound if pregnancy test result is questionable), breastfeeding, or planning to become pregnant during the study
  15. Known hypersensitivity or previous anaphylaxis to SZC or to components thereof
  16. Scheduled date for living donor kidney transplant
  17. Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia > 30 seconds requiring assessment / intervention
04

Study design

Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
2,690 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate

    Drug: Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate (SZC)

  • Placebo comparator
    Placebo

    Drug: SZC Placebo

Interventions

  • DrugSodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate (SZC)

    Powder for oral suspension in a sachet. A dose is titrated in 5 g increments during a period of 4 weeks from 5 g up to 15 g qd on non-dialysis days. Afterward, the dose is adjusted monthly (or more frequent based on clinical judgment) depending on the current potassium value as measured after the long interdialytic interval (LIDI).

    Also known as: Lokelma TM

  • DrugSZC Placebo

    Powder for oral suspension in a sachet. A dose is titrated in 5 g increments during a period of 4 weeks from 5 g up to 15 g qd on non-dialysis days. Afterward, the dose is adjusted monthly (or more frequent based on clinical judgment) depending on the current potassium value as measured after the LIDI.

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Incidence of the Composite of Cardiac Event Outcomes

    Incidence of the composite endpoint of SCD, all stroke, or hospitalization/intervention/emergency department (ED) visit due to arrhythmias is analyzed based on Cox regression model with treatment and region as covariates. Patients with no events are censored at final clinical assessment, death, or disposition event.

    Time frame: From Randomization (Visit 4) up to week 129 (Randomized Study Intervention Phase)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Normokalemia at 12 Months Post-randomization

    Logistic regression analysis of whether a subject is Normokalemic (S-K of 4.0 - 5.5 mmol/L ) after the LIDI at the 12-month visit.

    Time frame: Randomization to 12-Month Visit

  2. Incidence of the Composite of Arrhythmia Related Events

    Incidence of the composite endpoint of hospitalization, intervention, emergency department (ED) visit due to arrhythmias is analyzed based on Cox regression model with treatment and region as covariates. Patients with no events are censored at final clinical assessment, death, or disposition event.

    Time frame: From Randomization (Visit 4) up to week 129 (Randomized Study Intervention Phase)

06

Results

Posted Jun 18, 2025
Limitations and caveats
Study was terminated early due to lower-than-expected primary event rate and higher than anticipated drop-out rate. Lower number of evaluable events reduces the precision of the primary analysis considerably.

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneSZC (Active)Placebo
Started13491341
Completed00
Not completed13491341
Withdrew: Death123115
Withdrew: Lost to follow-up310
Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject73101
Withdrew: Subcategories under "other" not reported.11501115

Outcome measures

PrimaryIncidence of the Composite of Cardiac Event Outcomes

Incidence of the composite endpoint of SCD, all stroke, or hospitalization/intervention/emergency department (ED) visit due to arrhythmias is analyzed based on Cox regression model with treatment and region as covariates. Patients with no events are censored at final clinical assessment, death, or disposition event.

Time frame:
From Randomization (Visit 4) up to week 129 (Randomized Study Intervention Phase)
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Incidence of the Composite of Cardiac Event Outcomes
ParticipantsSZC (Active)Placebo
Incidence of the Composite of Cardiac Event Outcomes119119
Statistical analysis
  • SZC (Active) vs Placebo · Regression, Cox · p = 0.867 · Hazard ratio (hr): 0.98 · 95% CI 0.76 to 1.26SZC relative to Placebo
SecondaryNormokalemia at 12 Months Post-randomization

Logistic regression analysis of whether a subject is Normokalemic (S-K of 4.0 - 5.5 mmol/L ) after the LIDI at the 12-month visit.

Time frame:
Randomization to 12-Month Visit
Reported as:
Number · Participants with event
Normokalemia at 12 Months Post-randomization
Participants with eventSZC (Active)Placebo
Normokalemia at 12 Months Post-randomization495293
Statistical analysis
  • SZC (Active) vs Placebo · Regression, Logistic · p = <.0001 · Odds ratio (or): 3.36 · 95% CI 2.64 to 4.26SZC relative to Placebo
SecondaryIncidence of the Composite of Arrhythmia Related Events

Incidence of the composite endpoint of hospitalization, intervention, emergency department (ED) visit due to arrhythmias is analyzed based on Cox regression model with treatment and region as covariates. Patients with no events are censored at final clinical assessment, death, or disposition event.

Time frame:
From Randomization (Visit 4) up to week 129 (Randomized Study Intervention Phase)
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Incidence of the Composite of Arrhythmia Related Events
ParticipantsSZC (Active)Placebo
Incidence of the Composite of Arrhythmia Related Events7465
Statistical analysis
  • SZC (Active) vs Placebo · Regression, Cox · p = 0.510 · Hazard ratio (hr): 1.12 · 95% CI 0.80 to 1.56SZC relative to Placebo

Adverse events

Collected over From Randomization (Visit 4) up to week 129 (Randomized Study Intervention Phase). Non-serious events are listed at a 3% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
SZC (Active)120/1,348 (8.9%)521/1,348 (38.6%)558/1,348 (41.4%)
Placebo113/1,338 (8.4%)503/1,338 (37.6%)616/1,338 (46%)
Most frequent serious events
Showing 10 of 599
Most frequent serious events
EventSZC (Active)Placebo
PneumoniaInfections and infestations61/134860/1338
HyperkalaemiaMetabolism and nutrition disorders15/134839/1338
SepsisInfections and infestations36/134820/1338
Acute myocardial infarctionCardiac disorders26/134819/1338
HypervolaemiaMetabolism and nutrition disorders22/134816/1338
Arteriovenous fistula thrombosisInjury, poisoning and procedural complications16/134821/1338
Covid-19 pneumoniaInfections and infestations21/134820/1338
Covid-19Infections and infestations19/134816/1338
Arteriovenous fistula site complicationInjury, poisoning and procedural complications11/134817/1338
DeathGeneral disorders15/134812/1338
Most frequent other events
Showing 10 of 16
Most frequent other events
EventSZC (Active)Placebo
HyperkalaemiaMetabolism and nutrition disorders125/1348280/1338
Covid-19Infections and infestations145/1348122/1338
DiarrhoeaGastrointestinal disorders98/134893/1338
HypertensionVascular disorders80/134882/1338
ConstipationGastrointestinal disorders76/134857/1338
AnaemiaBlood and lymphatic system disorders64/134844/1338
NauseaGastrointestinal disorders43/134859/1338
Dialysis hypotensionVascular disorders55/134859/1338
VomitingGastrointestinal disorders44/134854/1338
ArthralgiaMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders49/134854/1338

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(Years)SZC (Active)PlaceboTotal
Mean55.8 ± 13.356.3 ± 13.656.1 ± 13.4
Age, Customized
Age, Customized(Participants)SZC (Active)PlaceboTotal
18 yr ≤ Age < 51 yr442441883
51 yr ≤ Age < 65 yr5265091035
65 yr ≤ Age < 85 yr373378751
Age ≥ 85 yr81321
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)SZC (Active)PlaceboTotal
Female4985171015
Male8518241675
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity, Customized(Participants)SZC (Active)PlaceboTotal
AMERICAN INDIAN OR ALASKA NATIVE4952101
ASIAN392389781
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN121130251
NATIVE HAWAIIAN OR OTHER PACIFIC ISLANDER325
WHITE6886721360
OTHER7586161
NOT REPORTED211031
spKt/V
spKt/V(Dimensionless)SZC (Active)PlaceboTotal
Mean1.48 ± 0.391.51 ± 0.471.49 ± 0.43
Dialysis vintage
Dialysis vintage(Years)SZC (Active)PlaceboTotal
Mean6.01 ± 5.415.82 ± 5.205.92 ± 5.31
07

Study locations

340 sites
  • Research Site
    Huntsville, Alabama 35805, United States
  • Research Site
    Mesa, Arizona 85210, United States
  • Research Site
    Bakersfield, California 93309, United States
  • Research Site
    Glendale, California 91206, United States
  • Research Site
    Granada Hills, California 91344, United States
  • Research Site
    Lynwood, California 90262, United States
  • Research Site
    San Diego, California 92111, United States
  • Research Site
    Vacaville, California 95687, United States
  • Research Site
    Victorville, California 92394, United States
  • Research Site
    Denver, Colorado 80210, United States
  • Research Site
    Bloomfield, Connecticut 06002, United States
  • Research Site
    Middlebury, Connecticut 06762, United States
  • Research Site
    Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
  • Research Site
    Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33308, United States
  • Research Site
    Tampa, Florida 33603, United States
  • Research Site
    Columbus, Georgia 31904, United States
  • Research Site
    Lawrenceville, Georgia 30046, United States
  • Research Site
    Statesboro, Georgia 30458, United States
  • Research Site
    Nampa, Idaho 83687, United States
  • Research Site
    Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
  • Research Site
    Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70815, United States
  • Research Site
    Detroit, Michigan 48202-2689, United States
  • Research Site
    Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United States
  • Research Site
    Roseville, Michigan 48066, United States
  • Research Site
    Minneapolis, Minnesota 55435, United States
  • Research Site
    Brookhaven, Mississippi 39601, United States
  • Research Site
    Columbus, Mississippi 39705, United States
  • Research Site
    Tupelo, Mississippi 38801, United States
  • Research Site
    Kansas City, Missouri 64111, United States
  • Research Site
    Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
  • Research Site
    Saint Louis, Missouri 63117, United States
  • Research Site
    Las Vegas, Nevada 89106, United States
  • Research Site
    Las Vegas, Nevada 89128, United States
  • Research Site
    Jersey City, New Jersey 07305, United States
  • Research Site
    Bronx, New York 10461, United States
  • Research Site
    Manhasset, New York 11030, United States
  • Research Site
    Charlotte, North Carolina 28208, United States
  • Research Site
    New Bern, North Carolina 28562, United States
  • Research Site
    Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27103, United States
  • Research Site
    Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18017, United States
  • Research Site
    Providence, Rhode Island 02903, United States
  • Research Site
    Spartanburg, South Carolina 29306, United States
  • Research Site
    Austin, Texas 78751, United States
  • Research Site
    Austin, Texas 78758, United States
  • Research Site
    Conroe, Texas 77384, United States
  • Research Site
    El Paso, Texas 79925, United States
  • Research Site
    El Paso, Texas 79935, United States
  • Research Site
    Greenville, Texas 75402, United States
  • Research Site
    Houston, Texas 77054, United States
  • Research Site
    Houston, Texas 77090, United States
  • Research Site
    San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
  • Research Site
    San Antonio, Texas 78251, United States
  • Research Site
    San Antonio, Texas 78258, United States
  • Research Site
    Saint George, Utah 84770, United States
  • Research Site
    Norfolk, Virginia 23502, United States
  • Research Site
    Virginia Beach, Virginia 23454, United States
  • Research Site
    Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
  • Research Site
    Córdoba, X5016LIG, Argentina
  • Research Site
    Junín, 6000, Argentina
  • Research Site
    Mar del Plata, B7600DBZ, Argentina
  • Research Site
    Pergamino, B2700LDK, Argentina
  • Research Site
    San Luis, 5700, Argentina
  • Research Site
    San Luis, D5700CTA, Argentina
  • Research Site
    Santa Rosa, L6300, Argentina
  • Research Site
    Sarandi, B1872EEC, Argentina
  • Research Site
    Graz, 8036, Austria
  • Research Site
    Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
  • Research Site
    Brasilia, 70390-700, Brazil
  • Research Site
    Curitiba, 80230-130, Brazil
  • Research Site
    Curitiba, 80440-020, Brazil
  • Research Site
    Joinville, 89227-680, Brazil
  • Research Site
    Maringá, 87060-040, Brazil
  • Research Site
    Porto Alegre, 90020-090, Brazil
  • Research Site
    Porto Alegre, 90160-093, Brazil
  • Research Site
    Recife, 50720-635, Brazil
  • Research Site
    Ribeirao Preto, 14025-170, Brazil
  • Research Site
    Rio De Janeiro, 20551-030, Brazil
  • Research Site
    Sao Paulo, 05403-9000, Brazil
  • Research Site
    São Paulo, 04038-031, Brazil
  • Research Site
    São Paulo, 05024-040, Brazil
  • Research Site
    Blagoevgrad, 2700, Bulgaria
  • Research Site
    Gotse Delchev, 2900, Bulgaria
  • Research Site
    Haskovo, 6300, Bulgaria
  • Research Site
    Pleven, 5800, Bulgaria
  • Research Site
    Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
  • Research Site
    Razlog, 2760, Bulgaria
  • Research Site
    Samokov, 2000, Bulgaria
  • Research Site
    Sandanski, 2800, Bulgaria
  • Research Site
    Silistra, 7500, Bulgaria
  • Research Site
    Smolyan, 3700, Bulgaria
  • Research Site
    Sofia, 1606, Bulgaria
  • Research Site
    Stara Zagora, 6000, Bulgaria
  • Research Site
    Varna, 9010, Bulgaria
  • Research Site
    Yambol, 8600, Bulgaria
  • Research Site
    Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L2, Canada
  • Research Site
    Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 2Y9, Canada
  • Research Site
    Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 1P3, Canada
  • Research Site
    Oshawa, Ontario L1G 2B9, Canada
  • Research Site
    Toronto, Ontario M3M 0B2, Canada
  • Research Site
    Greenfield Park, Quebec J4V 2H1, Canada

Showing the first 100 of 340 sites across 26 countries.

08

References and documents

Study documents

  • Study protocol · Apr 19, 2023
  • Statistical analysis plan · Dec 19, 2023

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — Qualified researchers can request access to anonymized individual patient-level data from AstraZeneca group of companies sponsored clinical trials via the request portal. All request will be evaluated as per the AZ disclosure commitment: https://astrazenecagrouptrials.pharmacm.com/ST/Submission/Disclosure Yes, indicates that AZ are accepting requests for IPD, but this does not mean all requests will be shared.

Supporting information: Study protocol, Sap

09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04847232
Lead sponsor
AstraZeneca
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Apr 19, 2021
Start date
Apr 30, 2021
Primary completion
Mar 7, 2024
Completion
Mar 7, 2024
Results posted
Jun 18, 2025
Last update
Jun 18, 2025

Study contacts

Steven Fishbane, Professor, MD
principal investigator · North Shore University Hospital, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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