An interventional study of DIAL-SDM and usual care in End Stage Renal Disease and Chronic Kidney Diseases, sponsored by University of Rochester. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 65 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-22.
Sponsored by University of Rochester · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care
Older patients ≥65 years with chronic kidney disease (CKD) face challenges in decision making about dialysis. These patients report little effort by physicians to elicit treatment preferences, discuss prognoses, or explain the burdens/benefits of dialysis options including conservative management. Older patients with CKD often prefer maintaining the quality of life over prolonging life, and many regret their decision to start dialysis: nearly one quarter withdraw from dialysis each year. Shared dialysis decision-making requires active engagement between nephrologists and patients to align patient, caregiver, and physician communication around common goals. The proposed study is a pilot randomized cluster trial of a dialysis shared decision-making (DIAL-SDM) intervention for nephrologists (n=20) and their patients ≥65 years old (n=60) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of ≤ 25 ml/min/ /1.73 m2. Nephrologists in the Intervention Group will receive 3 communication training sessions, delivered by a standardized patient instructor (SPI) who enact clinical scenarios and offer feedback. In parallel, patients (and caregivers, if available) will receive 2 coaching sessions provided by health coaches, who will explore each patient's relevant contextual information (values, preferences, and goals), and help them identify and practice important questions for their nephrologist. Nephrologists in the Control Group will provide their patients with usual care. The study outcomes will be assessed during two nephrology office visits and at 6 months.
2,085 studies on the registry are indexed under Kidney Failure, Chronic; 260 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 102 is above the median of 55 across 1,557 interventional studies indexed under Kidney Failure, Chronic.
Browse Kidney Failure, Chronic studies →University of Rochester is the lead sponsor of 715 studies on the registry; 116 are open to participants now.
Of its 56 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 44 (79%) have results posted.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
For nephrologist:
For patients:
For Caregivers:
Exclusion Criteria:
For Nephrologists:
- Expecting to leave in six months.
For Patients:
For Caregivers:
Behavioral: DIAL-SDM
Usual care
Other: usual care
Communication intervention for nephrologists and coaching intervention for patients.
regular nephrology care
Mean Feasibility of Intervention Measure
Feasibility was assessed using a structured questionnaire that asked participants whether the coaching, question prompt list, booklet, and videos seemed possible, doable, easy to use, and able to be carried out in practice. Each item was rated on a scale from 1 ("completely disagree") to 5 ("completely agree"). Item scores were summed for each participant to create a total feasibility score, ranging from a minimum of 4 to a maximum of 20, with higher scores indicating greater feasibility. Assessments occurred at 12 and 14 weeks post-baseline; all data collected within this window were averaged to yield a single value per participant, and group means were reported.
Time frame: Approximately 12-14 weeks
Mean Acceptability of Intervention Measure
Acceptability was assessed using the Acceptability of Intervention Measure. Patients and caregivers rated comfort with coaching, helpfulness for dialysis decision making, and likelihood to recommend it, as well as the question prompt list, booklet, and videos. Items were scored 0 to 4 and summed to total scores ranging from 6 to 15, with higher scores indicating greater acceptability and a more favorable outcome. Nephrologists rated approval, appeal, and acceptance of the coaching intervention on a 1 to 5 scale, summed to total scores ranging from 4 to 20, with higher scores indicating greater acceptability and a more favorable outcome. Assessments were collected 12 to 14 weeks post baseline and averaged per participant.
Time frame: Approximately 12-14 weeks
Mean Total Fidelity of Intervention Measure
Fidelity of coaching sessions was assessed using standardized Patient Coach Fidelity Check Forms for each session type: First Visit (maximum score = 51), Second Visit (maximum score = 42), and Follow-Up Phone Call (maximum score = 33). Each item was rated from 0 ("not at all") to 3 ("completely"). For each participant, scores from the First Visit, Second Visit, and Follow-up Call were converted to percentages (0-100%), then averaged to create a single fidelity score per participant, reflecting coaching quality across all sessions. Higher scores indicate greater fidelity. Assessments occurred between 12 and 14 weeks post-baseline; all data collected within this window were averaged to yield a single value per participant, and group means were reported.
Time frame: Assessed across all coaching sessions (First Visit, Second Visit, and Follow-Up Call) over approximately 12-14 weeks post-baseline
| Milestone | Intervention | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 50 | 52 |
| Nephrologists enrolled | 9 | 8 |
| Caregivers enrolled | 11 | 14 |
| Completed | 42 | 39 |
| Not completed | 8 | 13 |
| Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject | 5 | 3 |
| Withdrew: Death | 2 | 4 |
| Withdrew: Lost to follow-up | 1 | 5 |
| Withdrew: Physician decision | 0 | 1 |
Feasibility was assessed using a structured questionnaire that asked participants whether the coaching, question prompt list, booklet, and videos seemed possible, doable, easy to use, and able to be carried out in practice. Each item was rated on a scale from 1 ("completely disagree") to 5 ("completely agree"). Item scores were summed for each participant to create a total feasibility score, ranging from a minimum of 4 to a maximum of 20, with higher scores indicating greater feasibility. Assessments occurred at 12 and 14 weeks post-baseline; all data collected within this window were averaged to yield a single value per participant, and group means were reported.
| score on a scale | Intervention Patients | Control Patients | Intervention Caregivers | Control Caregivers | Intervention Nephrologists | Control Nephrologists |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Feasibility of Intervention Measure | 16.4 ± 3.4 | — | 16.1 ± 2.4 | — | 19.0 ± 1.9 | — |
Acceptability was assessed using the Acceptability of Intervention Measure. Patients and caregivers rated comfort with coaching, helpfulness for dialysis decision making, and likelihood to recommend it, as well as the question prompt list, booklet, and videos. Items were scored 0 to 4 and summed to total scores ranging from 6 to 15, with higher scores indicating greater acceptability and a more favorable outcome. Nephrologists rated approval, appeal, and acceptance of the coaching intervention on a 1 to 5 scale, summed to total scores ranging from 4 to 20, with higher scores indicating greater acceptability and a more favorable outcome. Assessments were collected 12 to 14 weeks post baseline and averaged per participant.
| score on a scale | Intervention Patients | Control Patients | Intervention Caregivers | Control Caregivers | Intervention Nephrologists | Control Nephrologists |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Acceptability of Intervention Measure | 12.7 ± 2.4 | — | 12.7 ± 2.1 | — | 18.3 ± 2.2 | — |
Fidelity of coaching sessions was assessed using standardized Patient Coach Fidelity Check Forms for each session type: First Visit (maximum score = 51), Second Visit (maximum score = 42), and Follow-Up Phone Call (maximum score = 33). Each item was rated from 0 ("not at all") to 3 ("completely"). For each participant, scores from the First Visit, Second Visit, and Follow-up Call were converted to percentages (0-100%), then averaged to create a single fidelity score per participant, reflecting coaching quality across all sessions. Higher scores indicate greater fidelity. Assessments occurred between 12 and 14 weeks post-baseline; all data collected within this window were averaged to yield a single value per participant, and group means were reported.
| percentage of score on a scale | Intervention Patients | Control Patients | Intervention Caregivers | Control Caregivers | Intervention Nephrologists | Control Nephrologists |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Total Fidelity of Intervention Measure | 88.1 ± 9.1 | — | — | — | — | — |
Collected over 6 months. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Patients | 1/30 (3.3%) | 0/30 (0%) | 0/30 (0%) |
| Control Patients | 2/30 (6.7%) | 0/30 (0%) | 0/30 (0%) |
| Intervention Caregivers | 1/11 (9.1%) | 0/11 (0%) | 0/11 (0%) |
| Control Caregivers | 2/14 (14.3%) | 0/14 (0%) | 0/14 (0%) |
| Intervention Nephrologists | 0/9 (0%) | 0/9 (0%) | 0/9 (0%) |
| Control Nephrologists | 0/8 (0%) | 0/8 (0%) | 0/8 (0%) |
Baseline measures include data from all participants who provided information at enrollment (patients, nephrologists, and caregivers). Separate rows show data for each group.
| Age, Categorical(Participants) | Intervention | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients — <=18 years | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Patients — Between 18 and 65 years | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Patients — >=65 years | 30 | 30 | 60 |
| Caregivers — <=18 years | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Caregivers — Between 18 and 65 years | 5 | 4 | 9 |
| Caregivers — >=65 years | 6 | 10 | 16 |
| Nephrologists — <=18 years | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nephrologists — Between 18 and 65 years | 9 | 8 | 17 |
| Nephrologists — >=65 years | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | Intervention | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients — Female | 17 | 16 | 33 |
| Patients — Male | 13 | 14 | 27 |
| Caregivers — Female | 10 | 11 | 21 |
| Caregivers — Male | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| Nephrologists — Female | 3 | 6 | 9 |
| Nephrologists — Male | 6 | 2 | 8 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants) | Intervention | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients — Hispanic or Latino | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Patients — Not Hispanic or Latino | 30 | 30 | 60 |
| Patients — Unknown or Not Reported | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Caregivers — Hispanic or Latino | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Caregivers — Not Hispanic or Latino | 11 | 14 | 25 |
| Caregivers — Unknown or Not Reported | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nephrologists — Hispanic or Latino | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Nephrologists — Not Hispanic or Latino | 8 | 8 | 16 |
| Nephrologists — Unknown or Not Reported | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants) | Intervention | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients — American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Patients — Asian | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Patients — Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Patients — Black or African American | 9 | 5 | 14 |
| Patients — White | 17 | 23 | 40 |
| Patients — More than one race | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| Patients — Unknown or Not Reported | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Caregivers — American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Caregivers — Asian | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Caregivers — Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Caregivers — Black or African American | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| Caregivers — White | 8 | 12 | 20 |
| Caregivers — More than one race | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Caregivers — Unknown or Not Reported | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nephrologists — American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nephrologists — Asian | 6 | 4 | 10 |
| Nephrologists — Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nephrologists — Black or African American | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nephrologists — White | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| Nephrologists — More than one race | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nephrologists — Unknown or Not Reported | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Region of Enrollment(participants) | Intervention | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 50 | 52 | 102 |
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Plan to share: Yes
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