An interventional study of Lindamood-Bell Seeing Stars in Dyslexia, Developmental, sponsored by Stanford University. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 8 Years to 12 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-11-14.
Sponsored by Stanford University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science
Dyslexia, an impairment in accurate or fluent word recognition, is the most common learning disability affecting roughly ten percent of children. This proposal capitalizes on cutting edge neuroimaging methods, in combination with reading education programs, to generate a new understanding of how successful reading education shapes the development of the brain circuits that support skilled reading. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of successful remediation of dyslexia, and individual differences in learning, will pave the way for personalized approaches to dyslexia treatment.
127 studies on the registry are indexed under Dyslexia; 27 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 90 is above the median of 71 across 106 interventional studies indexed under Dyslexia.
Browse Dyslexia studies →Stanford University is the lead sponsor of 2,168 studies on the registry; 431 are open to participants now.
Of its 267 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 207 (78%) have results posted.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.
Contraindication
A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Subjects receive reading instruction focusing on the building blocks of reading
Behavioral: Lindamood-Bell Seeing Stars
Subjects are followed longitudinally but do not receive intervention
Seeing Stars in a curriculum developed by Lindamood-Bell. It is published and openly available. It involves systematic training in the building blocks of skilled reading.
White Matter Plasticity - Left Arcuate Tract
Change in white matter mean diffusivity (MD) measured with diffusion MRI. MD quantifies the average magnitude of water diffusion within a given region of tissue. An increase in mean diffusivity (MD) suggests an increase in free water movement (corresponds to less white matter integrity), while a decrease in MD suggests restricted water diffusion, potentially from increased cellular density (corresponds to greater white matter integrity). Values typically range from approximately 0.5 to 1.5 × 10\^-3 mm²/s in healthy white matter.
Time frame: Baseline (within 2 weeks pre-intervention), post-intervention (within 2 weeks post-intervention, up to 10 weeks), and at 1 year follow up
White Matter Plasticity - Inferior Longitudinal Tract
Change in white matter mean diffusivity (MD) measured with diffusion MRI. MD quantifies the average magnitude of water diffusion within a given region of tissue. An increase in mean diffusivity (MD) suggests an increase in free water movement (corresponds to less white matter integrity), while a decrease in MD suggests restricted water diffusion, potentially from increased cellular density (corresponds to greater white matter integrity). Values typically range from approximately 0.5 to 1.5 × 10\^-3 mm²/s in healthy white matter.
Time frame: Baseline (within 2 weeks pre-intervention), post-intervention (within 2 weeks post-intervention, up to 10 weeks), and at 1 year follow up
Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) Size
Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) refers to a region in the brain associated with the recognition of written words. VWFA size is calculated as the number of vertices in the cotrical surface. There are no definitive clinical relevant thresholds for the size of the VWFA that apply universally. Research indicates that variations in VWFA size and activation are associated with reading abilities and disorders.
Time frame: Baseline (within 2 weeks pre-intervention), post-intervention (within 2 weeks post-intervention, up to 10 weeks), and at 1 year follow up
Woodcock-Johnson Basic Reading Skills (WJ BRS) Assessment Battery
The Woodcock-Johnson Basic Reading Skills (WJ BRS) Assessment Battery results in a composite score across multiple assessments. Assessment scores are transformed to create an overall score range of 0 to 200. A score of 100 indicates average reading ability. Scores below 85 may indicate potential reading difficulties
Time frame: Baseline (within 2 weeks pre-intervention), post-intervention (within 2 weeks post-intervention, up to 10 weeks), and at 1 year follow up
| Milestone | Lindamood-Bell Seeing Stars | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 44 | 46 |
| Began study procedures | 44 | 43 |
| Completed | 40 | 37 |
| Not completed | 4 | 9 |
Change in white matter mean diffusivity (MD) measured with diffusion MRI. MD quantifies the average magnitude of water diffusion within a given region of tissue. An increase in mean diffusivity (MD) suggests an increase in free water movement (corresponds to less white matter integrity), while a decrease in MD suggests restricted water diffusion, potentially from increased cellular density (corresponds to greater white matter integrity). Values typically range from approximately 0.5 to 1.5 × 10\^-3 mm²/s in healthy white matter.
| mm^2/s | Lindamood-Bell Seeing Stars | Control |
|---|---|---|
| baseline | 0.837 ± 0.039 | 0.838 ± 0.033 |
| 2 weeks post-intervention | 0.842 ± 0.041 | 0.844 ± 0.038 |
| 1 year follow-up | 0.839 ± 0.038 | 0.830 ± 0.038 |
Change in white matter mean diffusivity (MD) measured with diffusion MRI. MD quantifies the average magnitude of water diffusion within a given region of tissue. An increase in mean diffusivity (MD) suggests an increase in free water movement (corresponds to less white matter integrity), while a decrease in MD suggests restricted water diffusion, potentially from increased cellular density (corresponds to greater white matter integrity). Values typically range from approximately 0.5 to 1.5 × 10\^-3 mm²/s in healthy white matter.
| mm^2/s | Lindamood-Bell Seeing Stars | Control |
|---|---|---|
| baseline | 0.963 ± 0.036 | 0.957 ± 0.028 |
| 2 weeks post-intervention | 0.963 ± 0.034 | 0.956 ± 0.035 |
| 1 year follow-up | 0.957 ± 0.040 | 0.952 ± 0.039 |
Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) refers to a region in the brain associated with the recognition of written words. VWFA size is calculated as the number of vertices in the cotrical surface. There are no definitive clinical relevant thresholds for the size of the VWFA that apply universally. Research indicates that variations in VWFA size and activation are associated with reading abilities and disorders.
| vertices | Lindamood-Bell Seeing Stars | Control |
|---|---|---|
| baseline | 142.00 ± 178.71 | 302.74 ± 385.92 |
| 2 weeks post-intervention | 146.69 ± 179.47 | 282.40 ± 372.00 |
| 1 year follow-up | 375.53 ± 363.50 | 337.20 ± 333.21 |
The Woodcock-Johnson Basic Reading Skills (WJ BRS) Assessment Battery results in a composite score across multiple assessments. Assessment scores are transformed to create an overall score range of 0 to 200. A score of 100 indicates average reading ability. Scores below 85 may indicate potential reading difficulties
| score on a scale | Lindamood-Bell Seeing Stars | Control |
|---|---|---|
| baseline | 80.75 ± 10.52 | 96.85 ± 17.30 |
| 2 weeks post-intervention | 88.33 ± 9.90 | 96.02 ± 19.20 |
| 1 year follow-up | 89.95 ± 8.50 | 95.10 ± 16.97 |
Collected over Up to 2.5 years. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lindamood-Bell Seeing Stars | 0/44 (0%) | 0/44 (0%) | 0/44 (0%) |
| Control | 0/43 (0%) | 0/43 (0%) | 0/43 (0%) |
| Age, Categorical(Participants) | Lindamood-Bell Seeing Stars | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| <=18 years | 44 | 46 | 90 |
| Between 18 and 65 years | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| >=65 years | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sex/Gender, Customized(Participants) | Lindamood-Bell Seeing Stars | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 20 | 22 | 42 |
| Male | 23 | 24 | 47 |
| Non-binary | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants) | Lindamood-Bell Seeing Stars | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hispanic or Latino | 12 | 9 | 21 |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 32 | 32 | 64 |
| Unknown or Not Reported | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized(Participants) | Lindamood-Bell Seeing Stars | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Asian | 3 | 7 | 10 |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Black or African American | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| White | 28 | 24 | 52 |
| More than one race | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| Other | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| Prefer not to answer | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Not reported/unknown | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| Region of Enrollment(Participants) | Lindamood-Bell Seeing Stars | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 44 | 43 | 87 |
PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.
Plan to share: Undecided — All consent forms in the Yeatman lab contain a data sharing clause that allows de-identified data to be shared publicly. The lab policy is that data and analysis code are always publicly released to accompany each published manuscript from the lab. This policy ensures that published findings can be reproduced by other researchers and the general public. In our experience, this also creates a useful resource to document our methods, describe methodological decisions in greater detail than afforded by journal articles, and publicly release datasets that may be of utility to other researchers. Data and code are organized into a well-documented repository (see https://github.com/yeatmanlab) with a persistent digital identifier ensuring that it will be available in perpetuity. Within the repository is documentation to reproduce each manuscript figure and each reported statistic. The lab is a strong proponent of open science and has adhered to this lab policy for every published manuscript.
Ran from May 2021 to primary completion in Sep 2024, 40 months.
Results were first posted in Nov 2025, 1 year 2 months after primary completion.
Of 62 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Dyslexia, half reached primary completion within 24 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 57. This study's 40 months is above that.
Counting every sponsor, half of 69 studies reached it within 24 months; a quarter within 9 and three quarters within 57.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
This study is completed, as verified in Oct 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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