ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT04281979Updated Jul 28, 2025

Effects of a Specific Substance in Smokers

An interventional study of Study Agent and Placebo in Smoking, sponsored by Oregon Health and Science University. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 21 Years to 40 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-07-28.

Sponsored by Oregon Health and Science University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science

From the registry’s dates

  • Primary completion was expected by Dec 2025, 10 months ago, but the record still lists the study as recruiting.
  • Started Feb 2020; still recruiting 6 years 8 months later.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
60
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
21 Years to 40 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Although rates of cigarette use are declining, the proportion of nondaily smokers is rising, particularly among young adults. Among young adults, nondaily smoking is associated with negative health consequences and, for some, may lead to the establishment of life-long smoking patterns. The goal of this project is to understand the behavioral, psychological and neurobiological factors that contribute to cigarette use in nondaily smokers to aid the development of tailored evidence-based interventions.

Read the detailed description

The purpose of this study is to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms associated with cigarette use in young nondaily smokers (ages 21-25). Nondaily smokers experience fewer symptoms of cigarette withdrawal than daily smokers; however, they still experience difficulty quitting. Since smoking cessation before the age of 30 substantially attenuates the long-term health consequences associated with smoking, understanding the factors that motivate cigarette use in young nondaily smokers and developing tailored interventions will be critical for curbing cigarette use and improving public health. The proposed project will use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine how other substances (e.g. stimulates, sedatives, or analgesics) impact brain function and will assess the extent to which substance-induced changes in brain function correlate with impulsive choice, cigarette craving, and craving regulation in young adults. Furthermore, the investigators will assess how substance-induced changes in brain function, impulsivity, craving, and capacity for craving regulation predict cigarette use over the course of 1 year.

02

Conditions studied

  • Smoking

Keywords

  • Nondaily Smoking
  • Craving
  • Impulsivity
03

In context

Smoking

1,509 studies on the registry are indexed under Smoking; 193 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 60 is below the median of 115 across 1,164 interventional studies indexed under Smoking.

Browse Smoking studies →

Lead sponsor

Oregon Health and Science University is the lead sponsor of 696 studies on the registry; 131 are open to participants now.

Of its 52 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 39 (75%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
21 Years to 40 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Participants must be 21-40 years old
  • Right-handed
  • Fluent in English
  • Report smoking cigarettes or e-cigarettes 1-27 days in the past month
  • Report binge drinking based on NIAAA criteria (5 or more drinks per occasion for males, 4 or more drinks per occasion for females) at least 1 time in the past 90 days without adverse incident

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Seeking treatment for substance use (e.g. nicotine or alcohol use)
  • Moderate or Severe Nicotine Dependence
  • Current alcohol use disorder
  • Illicit substance use other than marijuana use in the past year
  • Marijuana use more than 10 times in the past year
  • Major neurological or medical illness - Significant head trauma - Current use of medication affecting the central nervous system
  • MRI (e.g. irremovable metal on the body or pregnancy)
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
Single (Participant)
Enrollment
60 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Study Agent

    Drug: Study Agent

  • Placebo comparator
    Placebo

    Drug: Placebo

Interventions

  • DrugStudy Agent

    The study agent will be administered via beverages and/or a capsule. The substances used in the study are legal, non-prescription, and are proven safe for human consumption at the doses used. The study agent may be a depressant (such as alcohol), a stimulant (such as caffeine), or an analgesic (such as aspirin).

  • DrugPlacebo

    In the placebo conditions participants will consume beverages and capsules that contain no or very small quantities of the study agent.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Impulsivity

    Impulsivity will be measured by assessing behavior on a temporal discounting task.

    Time frame: Immediately after beverage/capsule consumption

  2. Resting State Functional Connectivity

    Brain function will be measured while participants are resting using functional magnetic resonance imaging

    Time frame: 35 minutes after beverage/capsule consumption

  3. Cigarette Craving and Associated Brain Activation

    Brain function will be measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging while participants complete a Craving Regulation Task

    Time frame: 50 minutes after beverage/capsule consumption

  4. Symptoms of Cigarette Dependence

    The Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence total score will be used to measure changes in cigarette dependence

    Time frame: 1 year follow-up from baseline

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — De-identified data will be made available to users

Time frame: After data are published

Access criteria: Data Use Agreement that provides for: (1) a commitment to using the data only for research purposes and not to identify any individual participant; (2) a commitment to securing the data using appropriate computer technology; and (3) a commitment to deleting the data after analyses are completed.

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Feb 2020 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Dec 2025, 70 months after the start.

Of 401 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Smoking, half reached primary completion within 26 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 12 and three quarters within 42. This study's planned 70 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 456 studies reached it within 23 months; a quarter within 8 and three quarters within 40.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Feb 7, 2020
First posted
Feb 24, 2020
StartActual
Feb 25, 2020
Primary completionEst.
Dec 31, 2025
CompletionEst.
Dec 31, 2025
Last update
Jul 28, 2025
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jul 28, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04281979
Responsible party
Angelica Morales (Assistant Professor, Oregon Health and Science University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Feb 24, 2020
Start date
Feb 25, 2020
Primary completion
Dec 31, 2025 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 31, 2025 (estimated)
Last update
Jul 28, 2025

Study contacts

Angelica M Morales, PhD
Contact
moralean@ohsu.edu
503-494-4221

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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