ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT04265950OPTIMOUpdated Jul 2, 2026

Establishing Optimal Number of Doses for HPV Vaccination in Children and Adolescents Living With HIV, OPTIMO Trial

A Phase 4 interventional study of Recombinant Human Papillomavirus Nonavalent Vaccine in HIV Infection, sponsored by Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center. Completed at 3 sites in 3 countries. Open to participants aged 9 Years to 13 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-07-02.

Sponsored by Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center · Phase 4, Interventional, and Prevention

Phase
Phase 4
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
97
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
9 Years to 13 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This phase IV trial compares 3 different dosing schedules to find the optimal number of doses for HPV vaccination in children and adolescents living with HIV. Comparing 3 different dosing schedules may help researchers determine whether a single dose of HPV vaccine could be effective in preventing HPV in children and adolescents living with HIV.

Read the detailed description

OUTLINE: Participants living with HIV are randomized to one of three arms. HIV-negative participants are assigned to a fourth arm.

ARM 1: Participants living with HIV receive recombinant human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine intramuscularly (IM) at enrollment, and at 2 and 6 months. Participants also receive recombinant human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine booster dose IM at 30 months.

ARM 2: Participants living with HIV receive recombinant human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine IM at enrollment and at 6 months. Participants also receive recombinant human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine booster dose IM at 30 months.

ARM 3: Participants living with HIV receive recombinant human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine IM at enrollment. Participants also receive recombinant human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine booster dose IM at 24 months and recombinant human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine completion dose IM at 30 months.

ARM 4: Participants without HIV receive recombinant human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine IM at enrollment. Participants also receive recombinant human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine booster dose IM at 24 months and recombinant human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine completion dose IM at 30 months.

02

Conditions studied

  • HIV Infection

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Keywords

  • HPV vaccination
  • HIV infected children
03

In context

HIV Infections

4,734 studies on the registry are indexed under HIV Infections; 244 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 97 is above the median of 80 across 3,489 interventional studies indexed under HIV Infections.

Browse HIV Infections studies →

Lead sponsor

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center is the lead sponsor of 547 studies on the registry; 80 are open to participants now.

Of its 59 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 46 (78%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
9 Years to 13 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • ARMS 1-3: Children must be living with . HIV infection documented by positive molecular test or positive serologic test.
  • ARM 4: Children must be healthy (e.g., without disease or cancer) and not infected with HIV
  • ARMS 1-3: Children must be on a consistent, clinically appropriate combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen for > 6 months prior to study enrollment
  • Children must be 9-13 years-old (at or after 9th birthday, prior to 14th birthday) at enrollment. This will allow vaccination of participants within the recommended age range for receipt of HPV vaccination in Peru and Brazil. Only children ages 9-11 (at or after 9th birthday, prior to 12th birthday) will be enrolled into arms 3 and 4
  • Clinical laboratory values for children in Arms 1, 2, \& 3 (CLWH) must be as described below:

    • CD4% >15% or >200 cells/ mm3
    • VL (\<400 copies/mL)
  • All female participants must not be pregnant (all females will receive pregnancy tests at all vaccine visits prior to receipt of study vaccine). The effects of Gardasil 9 on the developing human fetus at the recommended therapeutic dose are unknown. If pregnancy is confirmed during the screening process, enrollment will not occur. If pregnancy occurs after the first vaccine dose, additional vaccine doses will not be administered, but the child will remain in study follow-up.
  • We anticipate that all children will enter the study prior to sexual debut. Sexual debut will be ascertained by participant questioning in Haiti. Physical examination will not be performed at any of the study sites. Potential participants who report sexual activity will not be enrolled
  • Children in all arms must have the ability to understand and the willingness to assent to the study. Parents or guardians must be able to understand and willing to sign a written document

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Children who have a serious illness requiring treatment with systemic medications other than ART (excluding short course oral or inhaled steroid treatment for asthma), are currently under immunomodulatory therapy, received therapy (> 10 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent for > 1 week) in the 6 months prior to enrollment date
  • Children who received any vaccine within 3 weeks prior to enrollment date (these children will be encouraged to enroll after 3 weeks have passed)
  • Children who received blood-derived products within 6 months prior to enrollment or planned use during the study period
  • Children who weigh less than 18 kilograms
  • Children with cancer being treated with chemotherapy or radiation
  • Potential participants receiving any other agents may be excluded in the opinion of the supervising physician
  • Children in all arms with to vaccination, including pregnancy or breastfeeding
  • Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
  • Children having received HPV vaccination before study entry
  • Children with evidence of sexually transmitted infection
  • History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to HPV vaccination
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(8)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

HIV

The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.

Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.

Autoimmune disease

A condition in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease.

Immunotherapy studies often leave out active autoimmune disease, and some name exceptions, such as thyroid disease on replacement hormone. Check the exceptions this study lists.

CD4 count

The number of CD4 cells, a type of white blood cell, in a given amount of blood. It is used to follow how well the immune system is doing in HIV.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Corticosteroids (steroids)

Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.

Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.

Immunosuppression

A weakened immune system. It can come from an illness, such as HIV or some blood cancers, or from medicines that turn the immune system down, for example after an organ transplant or for an autoimmune disease; steroids at higher doses count.

Read whether the line is about a condition or about medicines, and which medicines and doses it means.

Investigational drug or device

A drug or device being studied in a clinical trial.

It may be new, or already approved and being studied for another use, dose or form. Criteria often leave out people who took part in another study of one within a recent period, commonly 30 days or five half-lives.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 4
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
97 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Arm 1 (3 doses of 9vHPV vaccine)

    Participants living with HIV receive recombinant human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine IM at enrollment, and at 2 and 6 months. Participants also receive recombinant human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine booster dose IM at 30 months.

    Biological: Recombinant Human Papillomavirus Nonavalent Vaccine

  • Experimental
    Arm 2 (2 doses of 9vHPV vaccine)

    Participants living with HIV receive recombinant human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine IM at enrollment and at 6 months. Participants also receive recombinant human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine booster dose IM at 30 months.

    Biological: Recombinant Human Papillomavirus Nonavalent Vaccine

  • Experimental
    Arm 3 (1 dose of 9vHPV vaccine)

    Participants living with HIV receive recombinant human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine IM at enrollment. Participants also receive recombinant human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine booster dose IM at 24 months and recombinant human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine completion dose IM at 30 months.

    Biological: Recombinant Human Papillomavirus Nonavalent Vaccine

  • Active comparator
    Arm 4 (1 dose of 9vHPV vaccine)

    Participants without HIV receive recombinant human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine IM at enrollment . Participants also receive recombinant human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine booster dose IM at 24 months and recombinant human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine completion dose IM at 30 months.

    Biological: Recombinant Human Papillomavirus Nonavalent Vaccine

Interventions

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) (Arm 1 versus [vs.] Arm 2)

    Pseudovirion (PsV)-based neutralization assays will be used to establish HPV 16 neutralizing antibody GMT.

    Time frame: At 24 months after the last dose of each vaccine regimen

Secondary outcomes

  1. Human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) neutralizing antibody GMTs (Arm 1 vs. Arm 2)

    Pseudovirion (PsV)-based neutralization assays will be used to establish HPV 18 neutralizing antibody GMT.

    Time frame: At 24 months after the last dose of each vaccine regimen

  2. Change in HPV16 and HPV18 binding antibody median fluorescence intensity-MFI (slope) (Arm 1 vs. Arm 2)

    The Luminex immunoassay-based assay will be used to measure HPV 16 and HPV 18 binding antibody MFI.

    Time frame: Between 1 month after the last dose and 18 months after the last dose, and between 18 months and 24 months after the last dose of each vaccine regimen

  3. HPV16 and HPV18 neutralizing antibody GMTs (Arm 2 vs. Arm 3)

    Pseudovirion (PsV)-based neutralization assays will be used to establish HPV 16 and HPV 18 neutralizing antibody GMT.

    Time frame: At 24 months after the last vaccine dose

  4. Change in HPV16 and HPV18 binding antibody MFI (slope) (Arm 2 vs. Arm 3)

    The Luminex immunoassay-based assay will be used to measure HPV 16 and HPV 18 binding antibody MFI.

    Time frame: Between 1 month and 18 months after the last vaccine dose, and between 18 months and 24 months after the last vaccine dose

  5. Binding antibody MFI to all 9 vaccine HPV types (Arm 2 vs. Arm 3)

    Compare the response to a 0, 6- months two-dose schedule vs. a 0, 24-months two-dose schedule in children living with HIV (CLWH). The Luminex immunoassay-based assay will be used to measure HPV 16 and HPV 18 binding antibody MFI, as well as the binding antibody MFI for other HPV types.

    Time frame: At month 7 in Arm 2 and month 25 in Arm 3

  6. HPV16 and HPV18 neutralizing antibody GMTs (Arm 3 vs. Arm 4)

    Pseudovirion (PsV)-based neutralization assays will be used to establish HPV 16 and HPV 18 neutralizing antibody GMT.

    Time frame: At 24 months after the first (single) vaccine dose

  7. Change in HPV16 and HPV18 binding antibody MFI (slope) (Arm 3 vs. Arm 4)

    The Luminex immunoassay-based assay will be used to measure HPV 16 and HPV 18 binding antibody MFI.

    Time frame: Between 1 month and 18 months after the single vaccine dose, and between 18 months and 24 months after the first (single) vaccine dose

07

Study locations

3 sites
  • Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) STD and AIDS Clinical Research Laboratory
    Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
  • GHESKIO Center
    Port-au-Prince, Haiti
  • Via Libre
    Lima, 15001, Peru
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Pinto-Santini D, Jalil EM, Fernandes GT, Hilaire G, Kolevic L, Cabello R, Grinsztejn B, Pape W, Deschamps MM, House MG, Brofsky E, Sahasrabuddhe VV, Dasgupta S, Pasalar S, Madeleine MM, Carter J, Prabhu PR, Galloway D, Duerr A. ULACNet-301, OPTIMO protocol: optimizing HPV vaccination regimen for cancer prevention in children and adolescents living with HIV. BMC Cancer. 2025 Jan 27;25(1):151. doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-13551-z. PubMed 39871186 ↗

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jul 2, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04265950
Collaborators
Asociación Civil Via Libre, Peru, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), National Cancer Institute (NCI), GHESKIO Center
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Feb 12, 2020
Start date
Mar 10, 2022
Primary completion
May 12, 2026
Completion
Jun 11, 2026
Last update
Jul 2, 2026

Study contacts

Ann Duerr, MD, PhD
principal investigator · Fred Hutch/University of Washington Cancer Consortium

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Jun 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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