ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT04258488RENOVATEUpdated Jul 6, 2026

Long-term Anticoagulation With Oral Factor Xa Inhibitor Versus Vitamin K Antagonist After Mechanical Aortic Valve Replacement

A Phase 4 interventional study of Rivaroxaban Oral Tablet and Vitamin K antagonist(warfarin) in AORTIC VALVE DISEASES and Thromboembolism, sponsored by Joon Bum Kim. Recruiting at 16 sites in South Korea. Open to participants aged 19 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-07-06.

Sponsored by Joon Bum Kim · Phase 4, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Feb 2022; still recruiting 4 years 8 months later.
Phase
Phase 4
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
1,300
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
19 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study evaluates the long-term anticoagulation with oral factor Xa inhibitor versus vitamin K antagonist in patients receiving a mechanical aortic valve replacement.

02

Conditions studied

  • AORTIC VALVE DISEASES
  • Thromboembolism

Keywords

  • Aortic valve replacement
  • Mechanical valve
03

In context

Aortic Valve Disease

234 studies on the registry are indexed under Aortic Valve Disease; 70 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 1,300 is above the median of 111 across 125 interventional studies indexed under Aortic Valve Disease.

Browse Aortic Valve Disease studies →

Lead sponsor

This is the only study on the registry with Joon Bum Kim as lead sponsor.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
19 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  1. Age 19 and more
  2. At least 3 months after mechanical aortic valve replacement
  3. At least one of the conditions(as defined below) is met

    • The (NYHA) Functional Classification I or II; or
    • According to the Valve Academic Research Consortium(VARC)2 criteria, confirmed proper valve function: no prosthesis-patient mismatch and mean aortic valve gradient \<20 mm Hg or peak velocity \<3 m/s, AND no moderate or severe prosthetic valve regurgitation
  4. Voluntarily participated in the written agreement

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Old-generation mechanical valve
  2. History of mechanical valve implantation in the mitral valve, pulmonary valve, or tricuspid valve
  3. Valvular atrial fibrillation(atrial fibrillation with moderate or severe mitral stenosis)
  4. Moderate to severe mitral stenosis or regurgitation
  5. History of hemorrhagic stroke
  6. Clinically overt stroke within the last 3 months
  7. Renal failure( \<15mL/min) or on hemodialysis
  8. Left ventricular dysfunction: (LVEF) ≤40%
  9. B and C hepatic impairment or any hepatic disease associated with coagulopathy
  10. active bleeding
  11. Bleeding or hemorrhagic disorder
  12. The increased risk of bleeding due to the following reasons

    1. History of gastrointestinal ulcers or active ulcerations within the last 6 months
    2. History of intracranial or intracerebral hemorrhage within the last 6 months
    3. Spinal cord vascular abnormalities or intracerebral vascular abnormalities
    4. History of the brain, spinal cord, or ophthalmic surgery within the last 6 months
    5. History of the brain or spinal cord injury within the last 6 months
    6. History of the brain or spinal cord injury or spinal tap, major regional anesthesia, or spinal anesthesia within the last 6 months
    7. Esophageal varices
    8. Arteriovenous malformation
    9. Vascular aneurysms
    10. Malignant tumor with a high risk of bleeding
  13. Bleeding tendencies associated with overt bleeding of

    1. gastrointestinal, genitourinary, respiratory tract, or colorectal cancer
    2. cerebrovascular hemorrhage
    3. aneurysms- cerebral, dissecting aorta
    4. pericarditis and pericardial effusions
    5. bacterial endocarditis
  14. Hemodynamically unstable or pulmonary embolism required thrombolysis or embolectomy
  15. Combination therapy with other anticoagulants(Unfractionated heparin(UFH), enoxaparin, dalteparin, fondaparinux, etc.) However, the following cases are permitted

    • Switching anticoagulants
    • Intravenous UFH to keep central/arterial lines open
  16. Uncontrolled moderate or severe hypertension
  17. Anemia at least one among the conditions(as defined below) is met 1) level \<10.0 g/dL or count \< 100 x 10x9/L within the last 6 months 2) Diagnosed and documented ongoing anemia
  18. Infective endocarditis
  19. to the main component or constituents of Rivaroxaban or Vitamin K antagonist
  20. Positive pregnancy test results (all pregnant women should undergo urinary human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) testing within 7 days before screening and/or randomization) or during pregnancy or lactation
  21. A genetic problem with galactose intolerance, Lapp lactase deficiency, or glucose-galactose malabsorption
  22. The unsuitable condition of the protocol
  23. Actively participating in another drug or device study, which has not completed the primary endpoint follow-up period
  24. Terminal illness with \<12 months
  25. Vitamin K deficiency
  26. Alcoholic or psychical disorder
  27. Threatened abortion, eclampsia, or preeclampsia
  28. Concomitant use with antiplatelet in patients with a history of stroke or for the treatment of the acute coronary syndrome
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(11)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

NYHA class (heart failure)

The New York Heart Association’s four classes of how much heart failure limits physical activity.

I
No limits: ordinary activity causes no undue tiredness or breathlessness.
II
Slight limits: comfortable at rest, ordinary activity causes symptoms.
III
Marked limits: comfortable at rest, less than ordinary activity causes symptoms.
IV
Symptoms even at rest; any activity makes them worse.

Studies set their own limit — many outside heart failure leave out class III–IV, while heart failure studies may ask for a particular class. Check the class this study names.

Creatinine clearance (CrCl)

How quickly the kidneys clear creatinine, a waste product, from the blood. A study may estimate it from a blood test with age, weight and sex (often by the Cockcroft–Gault formula), or measure it using blood and urine collected over a set time. Given in mL/min; higher is better.

LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction)

The share of blood the heart’s main pumping chamber (the left ventricle) pushes out with each beat, measured by an echocardiogram (heart ultrasound) or a MUGA scan. About 50–70% is normal.

Child-Pugh class

A score of how well the liver works in people with liver disease such as cirrhosis: class A is mild, B moderate and C severe.

Clinically significant

Judged by the study doctor to matter for your health or for the study. It is a doctor’s decision, so ask the study team if you are unsure whether something counts.

Hemoglobin (Hb)

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).

Platelets

Blood cells that help blood clot. Too few raises the risk of bleeding and bruising. A usual adult range is about 150–400 × 10⁹/L (150,000–400,000 per µL); each lab has its own reference range.

Hypersensitivity

An allergy, or another reaction of the immune system, to a substance. “Hypersensitivity to the study drug” means a known allergic reaction to it — not every side effect a medicine can have.

Investigational drug or device

A drug or device being studied in a clinical trial.

It may be new, or already approved and being studied for another use, dose or form. Criteria often leave out people who took part in another study of one within a recent period, commonly 30 days or five half-lives.

Life expectancy

The study doctor’s estimate of how long someone is likely to live. Criteria use it so that people can stay in the study long enough for it to answer its question.

TIA (transient ischaemic attack)

A “mini-stroke”: temporary stroke-like symptoms caused by reduced blood flow to part of the brain, spinal cord or eye, without signs of a new stroke on a scan.

Stroke symptoms need emergency care at once, even if they go away.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 4
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
1,300 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Oral Factor Xa inhibitor

    Drug: Rivaroxaban Oral Tablet

  • Active comparator
    Vitamin K antagonist

    Drug: Vitamin K antagonist(warfarin)

Interventions

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. The event rate of the composite of cardiac death, valve thrombosis, valve-related thromboembolic event, major bleeding, and clinically-relevant non-major bleeding

    A composite endpoint is an endpoint that is a combination of multiple clinical endpoints. An event that is considered to have occurred if any one of several different events is observed. Clinically-relevant non-major bleeding is defined as BARC(Bleeding Academic Research Consortium) 2 Bleeding and major Bleeding is defined as BARC(Bleeding Academic Research Consortium) 3 or 5 Bleeding.

    Time frame: 1 year

Secondary outcomes

  1. The event rate of all cause death

    Time frame: 1 year

  2. The event rate of cardiovascular death

    Time frame: 1 year

  3. The event rate of valve thrombosis confirmed by transthoracic echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography, cine fluoroscopy, computed tomography, or autopsy (Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC ) criteria)

    Time frame: 1 year

  4. The event rate of valve-related thromboembolic event

    Time frame: 1 year

  5. The event rate of transient ischemic attack

    Time frame: 1 year

  6. The event rate of stroke

    Time frame: 1 year

  7. The event rate of systemic embolism

    Time frame: 1 year

  8. The event rate of myocardial infarction

    Time frame: 1 year

  9. The event rate of major bleeding

    BARC (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium) 3 or 5

    Time frame: 1 year

  10. The event rate of Clinically-relevant non-major bleeding

    BARC (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium) 2

    Time frame: 1 year

  11. The event rate of the composite of cardiac death, valve thrombosis and valve-related thromboembolic event

    Time frame: 1 year

  12. The event rate of the composite of cardiac death, valve thrombosis, stroke, systemic embolism and myocardial infarction event

    Time frame: 1 year

  13. The event rate of the composite event of major bleeding and clinically-relevant non-major bleeding

    Clinically-relevant non-major bleeding is defined as BARC (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium) 2 Bleeding and major Bleeding is defined as BARC (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium) 3 or 5 Bleeding.

    Time frame: 1 year

  14. The event rate of the composite of stroke, systemic embolism, transient ischemic attack and myocardial infarction event

    Time frame: 1 year

  15. The event rate of the composite of all-cause death, stroke, systemic embolism, transient ischemic attack and myocardial infarction event

    Time frame: 1 year

  16. The change of echocardiographic parameter

    Integral ratio at baseline and 1 year follow-up : transaortic valve mean gradient

    Time frame: 1 year

  17. The change of echocardiographic parameter

    Integral ratio at baseline and 1 year follow-up : transaortic valve peak gradient

    Time frame: 1 year

  18. The change of echocardiographic parameter

    Integral ratio at baseline and 1 year follow-up : transaortic valve peak velocity

    Time frame: 1 year

  19. The change of echocardiographic parameter

    Integral ratio at baseline and 1 year follow-up : effective orifice area(EOA)

    Time frame: 1 year

07

Study locations

13 of 16 sites recruiting
  • Buchen Sejong Hospital
    Bucheon-si, South Korea
    Recruiting
    • Hee-moon Lee, MD · Contact
    • Hee-moon Lee, MD · Principal investigator
  • Dong-A University Hospital
    Busan, South Korea
    Recruiting
    • Yong-rak Cho, MD · Contact
    • Yong-rak Cho, MD · Principal investigator
  • Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital
    Daegu, South Korea
    Recruiting
    • Yoon-suk Kim, MD · Contact
    • Yoon-suk Kim, MD · Principal investigator
  • GangNeung Asan Hospital
    Gangneung, South Korea
    Recruiting
    • Hanbit Park · Contact
    • Hanbit Park · Principal investigator
  • Chonnam National University Hospital
    Gwangju, South Korea
    Recruiting
    • Kyo-sun Lee, MD · Contact
    • Kyo-sun Lee, MD · Principal investigator
  • Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
    Seongnam, South Korea
    Recruiting
    • Hyung Gon Je, MD · Contact
    • Hyung Gon Je · Principal investigator
  • Asan Medical Center
    Seoul, 138-736, South Korea
    Recruiting
    • Joon-bum Kim, MD · Contact
    • Joon-bum Kim, MD · Principal investigator
  • Korea University Anam Hospital
    Seoul, South Korea
    Recruiting
    • Ho-Sung Son, MD · Contact
    • Ho-Sung Son, MD · Principal investigator
  • Samsung Medical Center
    Seoul, South Korea
    Recruiting
    • Dong-sub Jung, MD · Contact
    • Dong-sub Jung, MD · Principal investigator
  • Seoul National University Hospital
    Seoul, South Korea
    Recruiting
    • Jae-woong Choi, MD · Contact
    • Jae-woong Choi, MD · Principal investigator
  • Severance Hospital
    Seoul, South Korea
    Not yet recruiting
    • Gru Hong, MD · Contact
    • Gru Hong, MD · Principal investigator
  • Ajou University Hospital
    Suwon, South Korea
    Recruiting
    • Soo Jin Park, MD · Contact
    • Soo Jin Park, MD · Principal investigator
  • St. Vincent's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea
    Suwon, South Korea
    Not yet recruiting
    • Jin Won Shin, MD · Contact
    • Jin Won Shin, MD · Principal investigator
  • Eulji University Uijeongbu Hospital
    Uijeongbu-si, South Korea
    Recruiting
    • Joon Lee · Contact
    • Joon Lee · Principal investigator
  • Ulsan University Hospital
    Ulsan, South Korea
    Not yet recruiting
    • Kwan-sik Kim, MD · Contact
    • Kwan-sik Kim, MD · Principal investigator
  • Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital
    Yangsan, South Korea
    Recruiting
    • mi-hee Lim, MD · Contact
    • mi-hee Lim, MD · Principal investigator
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jul 6, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04258488
Lead sponsor
Joon Bum Kim
Responsible party
Joon Bum Kim (Professor, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Feb 6, 2020
Start date
Feb 21, 2022
Primary completion
Dec 31, 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 30, 2028 (estimated)
Last update
Jul 6, 2026

Study contacts

Jung-hee Ham, RN
Contact
cvcrc5@amc.seoul.kr
82230104728
Jung-min Ahn, MD
principal investigator · drjmahn@gmail.com

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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