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RecruitingNCT04213547Updated Jun 29, 2026

Sleep and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Adolescents

An interventional study of Loss frame sleep extension intervention in Type 2 Diabetes, sponsored by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 12 Years to 20 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-06-29.

Sponsored by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Sep 2020; still recruiting 6 years later.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
90
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
12 Years to 20 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The primary objective is to determine the cross-sectional relationship between sleep duration (as measured by 14 days of actigraphy) and glycemic control in an adolescent Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) cohort (age 12-20y, n=67). A secondary objective is to determine if a loss-framed incentive for achieving sleep goals can increase sleep duration in 15 adolescent patients diagnosed with T2DM with insufficient sleep. Another secondary objective is to test if increasing sleep duration leads to improved glycemic control in 15 adolescents with T2DM identified in Aim 1 as having \<8 hr sleep/evening. A focus group will be conducted prior to this intervention with patients ineligible for the intervention in order to determine appropriate text messaging.

Read the detailed description

Aim 1 will be a cross-sectional study design utilizing actigraphy watch devices to estimate sleep duration. Participants will be recruited either before or after a routine outpatient clinic visit and asked to complete intake questionnaires. They will then be provided an actigraphy watch device which will be worn for 14 days to estimate sleep duration, and Libre continuous glucose monitor (CGM) to estimate glycemic control. After their visit, clinical data will be extracted from the electronic medical record.

Aim 2 will be an interventional study design utilizing Fitbit to perform a loss-framed incentive intervention designed to motivate participants to increase their sleep duration. Glycemic control will be measured via laboratory testing of hemoglobin A1c and Libre continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for 2 weeks pre- and post-intervention.

A focus group will be conducted prior to this intervention with patients ineligible for the intervention in order to determine appropriate text messaging.

02

Conditions studied

  • Type 2 Diabetes
03

In context

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

9,357 studies on the registry are indexed under Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; 1,318 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 90 is above the median of 80 across 7,523 interventional studies indexed under Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2.

Browse Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 studies →

Lead sponsor

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia is the lead sponsor of 480 studies on the registry; 85 are open to participants now.

Of its 28 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 22 (79%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
12 Years to 20 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

Aim 1 for child:

  1. Subjects age 12-20
  2. Diagnosed with T2DM by standard laboratory criteria without pancreatic autoimmunity
  3. Low probability of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) assessed via validated sleep survey
  4. Subjects will be included if they are taking T2DM treatments (i.e., diet modification, Metformin and/or insulin)
  5. Parental/guardian permission and child assent

Aim 1 for parent:

1. Parent or legal guardian of child that meets inclusion criteria for Aim 1.

Aim 2 for child:

  1. Completed Aim 1 evaluation
  2. Average sleep duration \< 8 hours per night as determined by actigraphy in Aim 1
  3. HbA1c ≤ 10% as HbA1c >10 correlates to poor adherence
  4. Adherence > 80%

Focus group for child:

  1. Subjects aged 12-20
  2. Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes without pancreatic autoimmunity

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

Aim 1 for child:

  1. Non-English speaking subject (as questionnaires used are validated in English)
  2. Institutionalized patients as sleep duration will not be of their own accord, and therefore is not generalizable to the rest of the adolescent T2DM population.
  3. Patients with other forms of Diabetes Mellitus (e.g. Type 1 Diabetes)
  4. Behavioral disorders that may affect data collection (e.g. autism spectrum disorder) will be determined on a case-by-case basis. These include patients that are unable to answer questionnaires on their own, participate in a sleep diary, wear devices and/or understand incentives.
  5. Oral or IV steroid treatment within the past month
  6. Females with known pregnancies as these patients will not be generalizable to the rest of the adolescent T2DM population and pregnancy may alter sleep duration.
  7. Subjects with known hyperthyroidism, pain syndrome, or serious medical condition that can affect sleep.
  8. Subjects with hemoglobinopathies that affect hemoglobin A1c measurement.
  9. Unable to obtain point-of-care hemoglobin A1c in clinic on date of recruitment
  10. Known diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea or other sleep disorder

Aim 1 for Parent:

  1. Non-English speaking subject (as questionnaires used are validated in English)
  2. Parent/guardians with cognitive disorders that may affect data collection (determined on a case-by-case basis)

Aim 2 for child:

1. Do not own a smart phone or tablet

Focus group for child:

  1. Non-English speaking subject (as focus group will be conducted in English)
  2. Lack of access to a computer, tablet or smartphone that can accommodate participation in video conferencing
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Supportive care
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
90 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Intervention

    This will be a single-arm study utilizing a loss-framed incentive intervention to induce increased sleep duration.

    Behavioral: Loss frame sleep extension intervention

Interventions

  • BehavioralLoss frame sleep extension intervention

    Aim 2 will be an interventional study design utilizing Fitbit and text messaging to perform a loss-framed incentive intervention designed to motivate participants to increase their sleep duration. Glycemic control will be measured via laboratory testing of hemoglobin A1c and Libre continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for 2 weeks pre- and post-intervention. A focus group will be conducted prior to this intervention with patients ineligible for the intervention in order to determine appropriate text messaging.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Sleep duration (for Aim 2)

    Will assess for sleep extension throughout intervention

    Time frame: 13 weeks

  2. Hemoglobin A1c (for Aim 1)

    Aim 1 is assessing cross-sectional relationship of A1c to sleep duration

    Time frame: baseline

  3. BMI (for Aim 1)

    Aim 1 is assessing cross-sectional relationship of BMI to sleep duration

    Time frame: baseline

  4. Qualitative data from focus group

    Qualitative output from focus group discussion on text messages

    Time frame: baseline at focus group

Secondary outcomes

  1. Glycemic control

    Will assess for change in hemoglobin a1c throughout intervention

    Time frame: 13 weeks

  2. Glycemic control

    Will assess for change in continuous glucose monitor measures throughout intervention

    Time frame: 13 weeks

  3. BMI

    Will assess for change in body mass index (BMI) throughout intervention

    Time frame: 13 weeks

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
    Recruiting
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Mayer-Davis EJ, Lawrence JM, Dabelea D, Divers J, Isom S, Dolan L, Imperatore G, Linder B, Marcovina S, Pettitt DJ, Pihoker C, Saydah S, Wagenknecht L; SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Incidence Trends of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes among Youths, 2002-2012. N Engl J Med. 2017 Apr 13;376(15):1419-1429. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1610187. PubMed 28402773 ↗
  • Cappuccio FP, Taggart FM, Kandala NB, Currie A, Peile E, Stranges S, Miller MA. Meta-analysis of short sleep duration and obesity in children and adults. Sleep. 2008 May;31(5):619-26. doi: 10.1093/sleep/31.5.619. PubMed 18517032 ↗
  • Wheaton AG, Olsen EO, Miller GF, Croft JB. Sleep Duration and Injury-Related Risk Behaviors Among High School Students--United States, 2007-2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Apr 8;65(13):337-41. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6513a1. PubMed 27054407 ↗
  • Buxton OM, Pavlova M, Reid EW, Wang W, Simonson DC, Adler GK. Sleep restriction for 1 week reduces insulin sensitivity in healthy men. Diabetes. 2010 Sep;59(9):2126-33. doi: 10.2337/db09-0699. Epub 2010 Jun 28. PubMed 20585000 ↗
  • Spiegel K, Knutson K, Leproult R, Tasali E, Van Cauter E. Sleep loss: a novel risk factor for insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005 Nov;99(5):2008-19. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00660.2005. PubMed 16227462 ↗
  • Knutson KL, Van Cauter E, Zee P, Liu K, Lauderdale DS. Cross-sectional associations between measures of sleep and markers of glucose metabolism among subjects with and without diabetes: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Sleep Study. Diabetes Care. 2011 May;34(5):1171-6. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1962. Epub 2011 Mar 16. PubMed 21411507 ↗
  • Patel MS, Asch DA, Rosin R, Small DS, Bellamy SL, Heuer J, Sproat S, Hyson C, Haff N, Lee SM, Wesby L, Hoffer K, Shuttleworth D, Taylor DH, Hilbert V, Zhu J, Yang L, Wang X, Volpp KG. Framing Financial Incentives to Increase Physical Activity Among Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Mar 15;164(6):385-94. doi: 10.7326/M15-1635. Epub 2016 Feb 16. PubMed 26881417 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 29, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04213547
Lead sponsor
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Collaborators
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Dec 30, 2019
Start date
Sep 16, 2020
Primary completion
Jul 1, 2028 (estimated)
Completion
Jul 1, 2028 (estimated)
Last update
Jun 29, 2026

Study contacts

Talia Hitt, MD/MPH
Contact
hittt@chop.edu
215-590-3174
Beth Schwartzman
Contact
schwartzmann@chop.edu
215-590-3174
Talia A Hitt, MD/MPH
study director · Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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