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TerminatedNCT04063657Updated Feb 9, 2022Results posted

External Fixation Versus Splinting of Acute Calcaneus Fractures

An interventional study of External fixator and Splinting in Calcaneus Fracture, sponsored by University of California, Davis. Terminated at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 69 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2022-02-09.

Sponsored by University of California, Davis · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Why this study was terminated
Study was slow to recruit. PI decided to close study to focus on other trials.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
1
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 69 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Aim:

  • Determine if external fixation decreases soft tissue complications compared to splinting.
  • Determine if external fixation decreases time to definitive surgical stabilization and improves final fixation compared to splinting.
  • Determine if external fixation improves functional outcomes as evaluated by validated functional scoring systems.

Hypothesis:

  • External fixation improves definitive fixation and functional outcomes of acute calcaneal fractures with decreased complication rates compared to splinting
02

Conditions studied

  • Calcaneus Fracture

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Keywords

  • Staged External Fixation
  • Splinting
  • Soft tissue complications
03

In context

Fractures, Bone

2,261 studies on the registry are indexed under Fractures, Bone; 325 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 1 is below the median of 69 across 1,482 interventional studies indexed under Fractures, Bone.

Browse Fractures, Bone studies →

Lead sponsor

University of California, Davis is the lead sponsor of 798 studies on the registry; 146 are open to participants now.

Of its 65 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 43 (66%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 69 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Voluntary consent
  • Age 18 to 69
  • Clinical and/or advanced imaging confirming an acute calcaneal fracture that has occurred within 2 days of which, eventually definitive surgery is recommended/accepted.
  • Unable to consent

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Age \<18
  • Prior surgery of the affected extremity
  • Prisoners
  • Pregnant women
  • Inflammatory arthritis
  • Non-English-speaking patients
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
1 participant (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    External fixation

    Adults diagnosed with an acute (\<2 days from injury) calcaneal fracture recommended for operative treatment will be placed in external fixator until the patient is deemed clinically appropriate for definitive surgical fixation.

    Procedure: External fixator

  • Active comparator
    Splinting

    Adults diagnosed with an acute (\<2 days from injury) calcaneal fracture recommended for operative treatment will be placed in a short leg splint until the patient is deemed clinically appropriate for definitive surgical fixation.

    Procedure: Splinting

Interventions

  • ProcedureExternal fixator

    Patients will be placed in an external fixator followed by open versus closed surgical stabilization of their calcaneus fracture when their soft tissue is appropriate for surgery.

  • ProcedureSplinting

    Patients will be placed in a short leg splint followed by open versus closed surgical stabilization of their calcaneus fracture when their soft tissue is appropriate for surgery.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Time to Definitive Surgery

    Duration of time from injury to definitive surgery

    Time frame: Within 2 weeks from injury

  2. Soft Tissue Complications

    Incidence of infection, dehiscence and need for soft tissue coverage

    Time frame: Assessed at 2 weeks after surgery

  3. Soft Tissue Complications

    Incidence of infection, dehiscence and need for soft tissue coverage

    Time frame: Assessed at 6 weeks after surgery

  4. Soft Tissue Complications

    Incidence of infection, dehiscence and need for soft tissue coverage

    Time frame: Assessed at 12 weeks after surgery

  5. Soft Tissue Complications

    Incidence of infection, dehiscence and need for soft tissue coverage

    Time frame: Assessed at 6 months after surgery

  6. Soft Tissue Complications

    Incidence of infection, dehiscence and need for soft tissue coverage

    Time frame: Assessed at 12 months after surgery

  7. Soft Tissue Complications

    Incidence of infection, dehiscence and need for soft tissue coverage

    Time frame: Assessed at 24 months after surgery

Secondary outcomes

  1. Union Rate

    Assessment of fracture healing

    Time frame: Plain xrays at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery. CT scan at 1 year.

  2. Radiographic Parameters - Bohler's Angle

    Bohler's angle

    Time frame: Assessed at 2, 6, & 12 weeks, and 6, 12, & 24 months after surgery

  3. Radiographic Parameters - Calcaneal Height

    Calcaneal height

    Time frame: Assessed at 2, 6, & 12 weeks, and 6, 12, & 24 months after surgery

  4. Radiographic Parameters - Angle of Gissan

    Angle of Gissan

    Time frame: Assessed at 2, 6, & 12 weeks, and 6, 12, & 24 months after surgery

  5. Radiographic Parameters - Calcaneal Width

    Calcaneal width

    Time frame: Assessed at 2, 6, & 12 weeks, and 6, 12, & 24 months after surgery

  6. Radiographic Parameters - Calcaneal Length

    Calcaneal length

    Time frame: Assessed at 2, 6, & 12 weeks, and 6, 12, & 24 months after surgery

  7. Functional Outcomes - VAS

    Assess Visual Analogue pain score(VAS). This will be a patient reported measure from 0-10, minimum score of 0 (no pain), maximum score of 10 (most pain).

    Time frame: Assessed at 2, 6, & 12 weeks, and 6, 12, & 24 months after surgery.

  8. Functional Outcomes - FFI-R

    Revised foot function index questionnaire (FFI-R) will assess patient pain, stiffness, activity, difficulties with ambulation, and social issues. The score is tabulated from 34 questions answered 1-5 (1= none of the time, 5= All of the time, scale 34-170). Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

    Time frame: Assessed at 2, 6, & 12 weeks, and 6, 12, & 24 months after surgery

  9. Functional Outcomes - FAAM ADL

    Foot and Ankle Ability measure activities of daily living (FAAM ADL) is a 21-item activities assessing the patient's functionality related to their activities of daily living. The response to each item is scored from 4 to 0, with 4 being ''no difficulty'' and 0 being ''unable to do." Scale 0-84. Higher scores indicate a more favorable functional level.

    Time frame: Assessed at 2, 6, & 12 weeks, and 6, 12, & 24 months after surgery

  10. Functional Outcomes - FAAM Sport

    Foot and Ankle Ability measure activities of daily living (FAAM Sport) is a 8-item questionnaire assess the patient's ability to participate in athletic activities. The response to each item is scored from 4 to 0, with 4 being ''no difficulty'' and 0 being ''unable to do." Scale 0-32. Higher scores indicate a more favorable functional level.

    Time frame: Assessed at 2, 6, & 12 weeks, and 6, 12, & 24 months after surgery

07

Results

Posted Feb 9, 2022
Limitations and caveats
Study stopped prematurely due to poor recruitment. Only 1 participant was enrolled.

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneExternal FixationSplinting
Started10
Completed00
Not completed10
Withdrew: Lost to follow-up10

Outcome measures

PrimaryTime to Definitive Surgery

Duration of time from injury to definitive surgery

Time frame:
Within 2 weeks from injury
Reported as:
Number · days
Time to Definitive Surgery
daysExternal FixationSplinting
Time to Definitive Surgery3—
PrimarySoft Tissue Complications

Incidence of infection, dehiscence and need for soft tissue coverage

Time frame:
Assessed at 2 weeks after surgery

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

PrimarySoft Tissue Complications

Incidence of infection, dehiscence and need for soft tissue coverage

Time frame:
Assessed at 6 weeks after surgery

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

PrimarySoft Tissue Complications

Incidence of infection, dehiscence and need for soft tissue coverage

Time frame:
Assessed at 12 weeks after surgery

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

PrimarySoft Tissue Complications

Incidence of infection, dehiscence and need for soft tissue coverage

Time frame:
Assessed at 6 months after surgery

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

PrimarySoft Tissue Complications

Incidence of infection, dehiscence and need for soft tissue coverage

Time frame:
Assessed at 12 months after surgery

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

PrimarySoft Tissue Complications

Incidence of infection, dehiscence and need for soft tissue coverage

Time frame:
Assessed at 24 months after surgery

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

SecondaryUnion Rate

Assessment of fracture healing

Time frame:
Plain xrays at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery. CT scan at 1 year.

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

SecondaryRadiographic Parameters - Bohler's Angle

Bohler's angle

Time frame:
Assessed at 2, 6, & 12 weeks, and 6, 12, & 24 months after surgery

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

SecondaryRadiographic Parameters - Calcaneal Height

Calcaneal height

Time frame:
Assessed at 2, 6, & 12 weeks, and 6, 12, & 24 months after surgery

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

SecondaryRadiographic Parameters - Angle of Gissan

Angle of Gissan

Time frame:
Assessed at 2, 6, & 12 weeks, and 6, 12, & 24 months after surgery

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

SecondaryRadiographic Parameters - Calcaneal Width

Calcaneal width

Time frame:
Assessed at 2, 6, & 12 weeks, and 6, 12, & 24 months after surgery

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

SecondaryRadiographic Parameters - Calcaneal Length

Calcaneal length

Time frame:
Assessed at 2, 6, & 12 weeks, and 6, 12, & 24 months after surgery

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

SecondaryFunctional Outcomes - VAS

Assess Visual Analogue pain score(VAS). This will be a patient reported measure from 0-10, minimum score of 0 (no pain), maximum score of 10 (most pain).

Time frame:
Assessed at 2, 6, & 12 weeks, and 6, 12, & 24 months after surgery.

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

SecondaryFunctional Outcomes - FFI-R

Revised foot function index questionnaire (FFI-R) will assess patient pain, stiffness, activity, difficulties with ambulation, and social issues. The score is tabulated from 34 questions answered 1-5 (1= none of the time, 5= All of the time, scale 34-170). Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

Time frame:
Assessed at 2, 6, & 12 weeks, and 6, 12, & 24 months after surgery

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

SecondaryFunctional Outcomes - FAAM ADL

Foot and Ankle Ability measure activities of daily living (FAAM ADL) is a 21-item activities assessing the patient's functionality related to their activities of daily living. The response to each item is scored from 4 to 0, with 4 being ''no difficulty'' and 0 being ''unable to do." Scale 0-84. Higher scores indicate a more favorable functional level.

Time frame:
Assessed at 2, 6, & 12 weeks, and 6, 12, & 24 months after surgery

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

SecondaryFunctional Outcomes - FAAM Sport

Foot and Ankle Ability measure activities of daily living (FAAM Sport) is a 8-item questionnaire assess the patient's ability to participate in athletic activities. The response to each item is scored from 4 to 0, with 4 being ''no difficulty'' and 0 being ''unable to do." Scale 0-32. Higher scores indicate a more favorable functional level.

Time frame:
Assessed at 2, 6, & 12 weeks, and 6, 12, & 24 months after surgery

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

Adverse events

Collected over 24 months. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
External Fixation0/1 (0%)0/1 (0%)0/1 (0%)
Splinting———

Baseline characteristics

Study stopped prematurely, only 1 participant enrolled in the external fixation arm.

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)External FixationSplintingTotal
Mean50 (50 to 50)—50 (50 to 50)
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)External FixationSplintingTotal
Female0—0
Male1—1
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants)External FixationSplintingTotal
Hispanic or Latino0—0
Not Hispanic or Latino1—1
Unknown or Not Reported0—0
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)External FixationSplintingTotal
American Indian or Alaska Native0—0
Asian0—0
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander0—0
Black or African American1—1
White0—0
More than one race0—0
Unknown or Not Reported0—0
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)External FixationSplintingTotal
United States1—1
08

Study locations

1 site
  • University of California, Davis Medical Center
    Sacramento, California 95817, United States
09

References and documents

Study documents

  • Protocol and statistical analysis plan · May 2, 2019
  • Informed consent form · Jun 14, 2019

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

10

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Feb 9, 2022, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04063657
Lead sponsor
University of California, Davis
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Aug 21, 2019
Start date
Jun 14, 2019
Primary completion
Sep 3, 2019
Completion
Sep 3, 2019
Results posted
Feb 9, 2022
Last update
Feb 9, 2022

Study contacts

Christopher D Kreulen, MD, MS
principal investigator · Foot and Ankle Surgery Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California, Davis Medical Center

Oversight

FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is terminated, as verified in Jan 2022. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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