ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT04046900MOTIFUpdated Sep 11, 2026

Vaginal Microbiota Transplant

A Phase 1/2 interventional study of Vaginal microbiome transplant and Oral Metronidazole in Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis, sponsored by Douglas Kwon. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to female participants aged 18 Years to 50 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-11.

Sponsored by Douglas Kwon · Phase 1/2, Interventional, and Prevention

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Apr 2021; still recruiting 5 years 6 months later.
Phase
Phase 1/2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
62
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 50 Years
Sex
Female
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-13

Among 82 studies in Vaginosis, Bacterial with a site in United States — 8 open to participants now, 8 under way, none of them phase 3. Vaginosis, Bacterial · United States.

Planned enrollment
38th of 69
62 · median 81
Started
2021
with 5 others
Phase 1/2
3 of 82
1 open now
Registered
59th of 82
by date

Among the 82 studies in Vaginosis, Bacterial with a site in United States, this one is the 38th largest by planned enrollment of the 69 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 6 that started in 2021, is one of 3 in phase 1/2, and was the 59th registered.

Vaginosis, Bacterial

240 studies on the registry are indexed under Vaginosis, Bacterial; 39 are open to participants now.

Browse Vaginosis, Bacterial studies →

Open to participants now

8 of the 82 studies in Vaginosis, Bacterial with a site in United States are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

2 more — sign in →

All 8 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in United States have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in United States →

Who these studies take

Of the 23 Vaginosis, Bacterial studies recruiting now, 7 (30%) set no upper age limit and 16 (70%) stop at 75 or younger; 2 take children under 18; 9 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years to 50 Years · female · no healthy volunteers.

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02

Study summary

This is a randomized trial of vaginal microbiome transplant vs. saline placebo to restore a Lactobacillus dominant vaginal microbial community in women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis.

Read the detailed description

The investigators propose a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety of vaginal microbiota transplant (VMT) in women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis (BV), and to assess the ability of antibiotic treatment plus vaginal microbiota transplant to establish a Lactobacillus-dominant vaginal community as compared to antibiotic treatment alone. The underlying hypothesis is that the VMT will lead to less inflammation and higher prevalence of vaginal Lactobacillus compared to antibiotics alone. The transplant material will be vaginal fluid collected from healthy donors using a disposable menstrual cup. Donors undergo extensive testing for possible infections to ensure the safety of the donated material.

Study Visits and Procedures: In addition to the pre-screening eligibility phone call and screening visit, there will be two treatment study visits and six post-VMT follow up visits at weeks 3, 5, 7, 11, 15, and 27. The baseline visit will occur within 45 days of the screening visit.

Phone Screen: A brief phone discussion to explain approach and alternatives (see details below in "Technical Methods"). A set of short screening questions will be asked to identify women with clear exclusion criteria for participation.

Visit 1, Screening Visit: At the screening visit, after written informed consent is obtained, the information from the pre-screening questionnaire will be reviewed with the subject and updated as necessary. Blood and vaginal specimens will be collected. The VMT process will be explained in detail and subjects will have the opportunity to inspect an example applicator if interested. Subjects will be counseled not to have vaginal intercourse or insert anything into their vagina from the 72 hours prior to the first transplant dose until 72 hours after the second transplant dose.

  • Review eligibility and understand/see applicator
  • Obtain informed consent
  • Height, weight measurements
  • Subjects will be given information about how to perform vaginal swab collections (see vaginal swab collection document)
  • Physical exam
  • Pelvic exam
  • Screening labs: Complete blood cell count w/ differential, comprehensive metabolic panel, Pap/HPV (human papillomavirus) testing, gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomonas testing. HIV, Hepatitis B\&C, Herpes.
  • Urine pregnancy test
  • Behavior and sexual assessment

Visit 2: Baseline, Week 1 (occurs immediately prior to menses)

  • Self-Administered Vaginal Swab and soft cup collection
  • Blood draw
  • Pelvic Exam: cervical swabs, cytobrush
  • Symptom and Sexual Behavior Assessment
  • Assignment into study groups using block randomization
  • Subjects will be given 7-day course of: Metronidazole 500mg PO every 12 hours

Visit 3: First Transplant Administration, Week 2

  • Self-collected Vaginal Swab and soft cup collection
  • Pelvic Exam: VMT/placebo Administration
  • Symptom and Sexual Behavior Assessment

Visit 4: Second Transplant Administration, Week 2

  • Self-Administered Vaginal Swab
  • Pelvic Exam: VMT/Placebo Administration
  • Symptom and Sexual Behavior Assessment

Visits 5-10: Post-transplant follow ups, Weeks 3, 5, 7, 11, 15, 27

  • Blood draw (visit 7 only)
  • Self-Administered Vaginal Swab
  • Self-Administered soft cup collection (visit 5, 7 \& 9)
  • Symptom and Sexual Behavior Assessment
  • Pelvic Exam: cervical swabs, cytobrush (visits 7 \& 9)
03

Conditions studied

  • Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis

Browse trials for

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 50 Years
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Premenopausal women, 18- 50 years old
  • Abnormal Nugent score: > 3
  • History of recurrent bacterial vaginosis (BV) (3 or more documented episodes in past 12 months)
  • If participating in sexual activity that could lead to pregnancy, study participants must agree to use an effective while actively participating in the protocol. At least one of the following methods MUST be used:

    • Condoms (male or female), with or without a spermicidal agent
    • Intrauterine device (IUD)
    • Hormonal contraceptive (including oral pills, vaginal ring, implant, injection)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of vaginal, cervical, or uterine disease including but not limited to: cancer of the female reproductive tract, prior hysterectomy, high grade cervical dysplasia (CIN III), or diagnosed with cervicovaginal infection (with the exception of bacterial vaginosis) within the 30 days prior to the procedure.

    • Allergy to metronidazole
    • Use of therapies or investigational vaccines within 90 days prior to study entry
    • Use of any immunomodulatory agents within 30 days prior to study enrollment. Subject taking any of the following medications: systemic (inhaled or nasal steroid therapy is permitted), interleukins, systemic interferons (e.g. local injection of interferon alpha for treatment of HPV is permitted) or systemic chemotherapy.
    • History of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, , chronic renal failure, decompensated cirrhosis, or any other condition that in the opinion of the investigator will compromise ability to participate in the study.
    • History of abnormal pap smear within 12 months
    • Insertion of levonorgestrel-containing IUD within 3 months prior to study entry
    • Either breastfeeding or pregnant within 24 weeks prior to study entry
    • Use of probiotics and prebiotics (supplements and products, oral or vaginal) within 30 days of the study. (NOTE: Oral yogurt with live cultures is allowed.)
    • Routine use of oral antibiotics i.e. daily use for acne, Hidradenitis suppurativa, or regular use for post-coital urinary tract infection prophylaxis within the past 30 days.
    • Taken non-metronidazole antibiotics in last 30 days
    • > 40
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(6)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Contraception

Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.

Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.

Clinically significant

Judged by the study doctor to matter for your health or for the study. It is a doctor’s decision, so ask the study team if you are unsure whether something counts.

Investigational drug or device

A drug or device being studied in a clinical trial.

It may be new, or already approved and being studied for another use, dose or form. Criteria often leave out people who took part in another study of one within a recent period, commonly 30 days or five half-lives.

Corticosteroids (steroids)

Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.

Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.

COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: long-term lung disease that makes it hard to breathe out, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

BMI (body mass index)

Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.

What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 1 / Phase 2
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
62 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Vaginal microbiome transplant

    Women in this group will be randomized to receive two doses of vaginal fluid from a healthy donor

    Biological: Vaginal microbiome transplant · Drug: Oral Metronidazole

  • Placebo comparator
    Saline placebo

    Women in this group will be randomized to receive two doses of sterile saline

    Drug: Oral Metronidazole · Other: Sterile saline

Interventions

  • BiologicalVaginal microbiome transplant

    Vaginal fluid from healthy donors

  • 500mg oral metronidazole twice daily for 7 days

  • OtherSterile saline

    700 uL of sterile saline placed in the vagina as a placebo intervention.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Presence of Lactobacillus crispatus-dominant microbiome

    Lactobacillus crispatus dominant = relative abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus in the vaginal microbial community \> 50%

    Time frame: 5 weeks after intervention

Secondary outcomes

  1. Presence of Lactobacillus-dominant microbiome

    Characterization of the vaginal microbial community using 16S rRNA sequencing

    Time frame: 1, 3, 5, 7 weeks, 4 and 6 months after intervention

  2. Number of women reporting adverse events

    Report of adverse events

    Time frame: 1, 3, 5, 7 weeks, 4 and 6 months after intervention

  3. Presence of Lactobacillus crispatus-dominant microbiome

    Characterization of the vaginal microbial community using 16S rRNA sequencing

    Time frame: 1, 3, 7 weeks, 4 and 6 months after intervention

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Started Apr 2021 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Jan 2027, 69 months after the start.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jul 31, 2019
First posted
Aug 6, 2019
StartActual
Apr 22, 2021
Primary completionEst.
Jan 30, 2027
CompletionEst.
Jun 30, 2027
Last update
Sep 11, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 11, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04046900
Lead sponsor
Douglas Kwon
Responsible party
Douglas Kwon (Principle Investigator, Massachusetts General Hospital) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Aug 6, 2019
Start date
Apr 22, 2021
Primary completion
Jan 30, 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Jun 30, 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Sep 11, 2026

Study contacts

Doug Kwon, MD, PhD
Contact
dkwon@mgh.harvard.edu
857-268-7009
Doug Kwon, MD, PhD
principal investigator · Massachusetts General Hospital

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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