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CompletedNCT03954301ClusterUpdated Jan 27, 2020

Using the Hierarchical Cluster Method for Foot Deformities

An observational study in Foot Deformities, sponsored by Biruni University. Completed at 1 site in Turkey. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 24 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-01-27.

Sponsored by Biruni University · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Case-only
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
108
Ages
18 Years to 24 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The aim of this study is to analyze all of the variables with a Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Multivariate Statistical Methods to obtain more sensitive results, and also to add a new dimension to the hypothesis included in the study.

Read the detailed description

Aim and Introduction: Due to individual anthropometric differences, there are many different types of foot posture Foot posture variations affect lower extremity structure, alignment and biomechanical characteristics. Particularly in younger people, performing critical biomechanical measurements in the lower extremity and foot is extremely important to the detection of, and early intervention in, orthopedic problems that these individuals will encounter in their later life. In the literature, attempts at analysis of the evaluations realized so far have been made by univariate analysis. Considering the relationship between variation and variables, these methods result in loss of information. The aim of this study is to analyze all of the variables with a Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Multivariate Statistical Methods to obtain more sensitive results, and also to add a new dimension to the hypothesis included in the study.

Methods: The study is carried out on 2nd and 3rd year university students in the physiotherapy and rehabilitation department taking a kinesiology course. The analyses are performed at the Biruni University Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation laboratory. Patients with musculoskeletal system pathomechanics which could prevent standing and walking are not included in the study. After demographic characteristics are recorded, Q, valgity angle, subtalar joint, medial longitudinal arch and hallux valgus angles are measured with a goniometer. The height from the ground of the navicula are calculated by caliper, using the Navicular drop test. Metatarsal width are also calculated with this device. Medial longitudinal arch angle, metatarsal width and nacivular drop tests are performed under weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing conditions.

02

Conditions studied

  • Foot Deformities

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Keywords

  • Foot deformities
  • Cluster method
  • Kinematic analysis
03

In context

Foot Deformities

50 studies on the registry are indexed under Foot Deformities; 13 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 108 is above the median of 84 across 22 observational studies indexed under Foot Deformities.

Browse Foot Deformities studies →

Lead sponsor

Biruni University is the lead sponsor of 180 studies on the registry; 45 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 24 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

University students

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Healthy university students.
  • Must be able to walk independently.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Students with chronic sprains.
  • Students who had undergone lower extremity surgery within the last year.
  • Students who use assistive walking devices.
05

Study design

Observational model
Case-only
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
108 participants (actual)
Target follow-up
2 Months
Patient registry
Yes

Interventions

  • Diagnostic testAnthropometric measures

    Q, valgity angle, subtalar joint, medial longitudinal arch and hallux valgus angles were measured with a goniometer. The height from the ground of the navicula was calculated by caliper, using the Navicular drop test. Metatarsal width was also calculated with this device. Medial longitudinal arch angle, metatarsal width and nacivular drop tests were performed under weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing conditions.

    Also known as: Kinematic analysis

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Navicular drop test

    The height of navicula will be measured in weight-bearing and non-weight bearing conditions in millimeters.

    Time frame: 2 weeks.

  2. Metatarsal width

    The width of metatarsal zone will be measured in weight-bearing and non-weight bearing conditions in millimeters.

    Time frame: 2 weeks.

  3. Subtalar angle

    The angle between calcaneus and Achilleus tendon will be measured with goniometer in standing position and the degree will be calculated.

    Time frame: 2 weeks.

  4. Hallux valgus angle

    The angle between 1st metatars and hallux will be measured with goniometer and the degree will be calculated.

    Time frame: 2 weeks.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Q angle

    The angle of quadriceps femoris muscle will be measured with goniometer in supine position and the degree will be assessed.

    Time frame: 2 weeks.

  2. Medial longitudinal arch angle

    The angle between 1st metatarsophalangeal joint, navicula and medial malleol will be measured and the degree will be calculated.

    Time frame: 2 weeks.

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Başar Öztürk
    Istanbul, Turkey
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jan 27, 2020, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03954301
Lead sponsor
Biruni University
Responsible party
Başar Öztürk (Assistant Professor, Biruni University) — Principal investigator
First posted
May 17, 2019
Start date
May 20, 2019
Primary completion
May 30, 2019
Completion
Jun 5, 2019
Last update
Jan 27, 2020

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Jan 2020. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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