An interventional study of Recovery Initiation and Management after Overdose (RIMO) and Passive Referral to Treatment Control in Opioid-use Disorder, sponsored by Chestnut Health Systems. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-03-18.
Sponsored by Chestnut Health Systems · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other
This study targets individuals in Chicago who have received naloxone administered by first responders within the past week to reverse an overdose, but who have not entered into MAT. Study participants will be recruited through partnerships with the Chicago Fire Department (CFD) and/or Police Department (CPD); first responders will be trained to seek consent from individuals who are alert and oriented after receiving naloxone for future contacts by research staff as part of the naloxone standard protocol. Those who consent will be contacted and screened for study eligibility ideally within one week of naloxone administration; eligible participants will be randomly assigned either to the control group, i.e., referral to MAT as usual, or to Recovery Initiation and Management after Overdose (RIMO), an assertive linkage and recovery support intervention. This intervention builds on an evidence-based intervention for treatment linkage, monitoring, and recovery support evaluated in 3 prior clinical trials by the study team.
Research staff will work with the Chicago Fire Department's Emergency Medical Services division and the Chicago Police Department to identify people who have just had an opioid overdose reversed with naloxone, recruit them into the trial, randomize them to a passive referral (via a brochure) vs. the RIMO experimental group. Using the study recruitment and RIMO procedures refined in Phase 1, a total of 350 individuals will be recruited and randomly assigned to the "referral to MAT" control or to "RIMO". All participants will receive standardized assessments at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 months post-randomization. The study's aims and their associated hypotheses are:
Aim 1: Evaluate RIMO's direct effect on linkage to MAT, length of time on MAT, dropout, and total days of MAT.
H1: Relative to the control group, RIMO will have a direct effect on: a) initiating MAT sooner, b) staying on medication longer, c) reducing dropout, and d) receiving more total days of MAT.
Aim 2: Evaluate RIMO's direct and indirect (via MAT) effects on time to relapse, opioid use, and opioid-related overdose.
H2: RIMO will have direct and indirect (via days of MAT treatment) effects on: a) time to relapse, b) days of opioid use, and c) number of overdoses.
Aim 3: RIMO's direct and indirect (via MAT and opioid use) effects on opioid-related fatalities, opioid use disorder (OUD) symptoms, physical health, mental health and the cost of health care utilization.
H3: RIMO will have direct and indirect (via days of MAT treatment and days of opioid use) effects on: a) opioid-related fatalities, b) opioid use disorders symptoms, c) physical health, d) mental health, and e) cost of health care utilization.
1,472 studies on the registry are indexed under Opioid-Related Disorders; 290 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 251 is above the median of 63 across 1,166 interventional studies indexed under Opioid-Related Disorders.
Browse Opioid-Related Disorders studies →Chestnut Health Systems is the lead sponsor of 24 studies on the registry; 5 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Participants will be given information on recently expanded and publicly-funded MAT treatment in their community.
Other: Passive Referral to Treatment Control
Participants assigned to the RIMO arm will meet with Linkage Managers (LM), who will use motivational interviewing (MI) techniques to: 1) identify the need for treatment and barriers to going, 2) discuss with patients the benefits of their decision to go to treatment, including activities they might enjoy as well as things they do not like about their alcohol/substance use, 3) provide personalized feedback to participants about the status of their condition based on responses to the assessment instruments, 4) help participants resolve ambivalence about their use and move them toward a commitment to change by accessing additional care, 5) address existing barriers to treatment (e.g., childcare, transportation), 6) schedule a treatment appointment, and 7) facilitate medication assisted treatment re-entry and engagement.
Behavioral: Recovery Initiation and Management after Overdose (RIMO) · Other: Passive Referral to Treatment Control
RIMO uses motivational interviewing and linkage assistance techniques to get people who have had a recent opioid overdose reversal to go to medication-assisted treatment (MAT), stay in MAT, and, if they drop out, go back to MAT treatment.
Currently neither first responders or emergency department staff regularly refer people to any kind of substance use after an opioid overdose reversal. In the passive referral condition they will at least get a brochure with information on recently expanded and publicly-funded medication-assisted treatment in their community.
MAT Time to Initiation
Days from index naloxone administration to the initiation of any kind of MAT, from treatment records.
Time frame: 9 months
Length of Staying on Medication
Days between MAT initiation and discharge, from treatment records.
Time frame: 9 months
MAT Days
Total days of MAT over 9 months from Global Appraisal of Individual Needs Quick (GAIN) and treatment records.
Time frame: 9 months
Time to Relapse
Days from randomization to next subsequent use of opioids or heroin based on GAIN follow-up interviews and urine tests.
Time frame: 9 months
Opioid Days of Use
Days of opioids and/or heroin use summed over the GAIN follow-up interviews.
Time frame: 9 months
Opioid Overdose
Number of opioid-related overdose\[s\] summed over the GAIN follow-up interviews.
Time frame: 9 months
Opioid-Related Fatality
Any International Classification of Diseases version 10 (ICD-10) cause of death related to opioid overdose (T40.1, T40.2, T40.3, T40.4, T40.6, X42, X44, X62, X64, Y12, Y14) in Centers for Disease Control (CDC) death records.
Time frame: 9 months
Opioid Use Disorder symptoms
The Opioid Use Disorder Scale; scores range form 0 to 11 based on a count of self reported symptoms from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5 criteria for opioid use disorder symptoms from the GAIN follow-up interviews. The scale score is interpreted as subclinical (0-1 symptoms), low (2-3 symptoms), moderate (4-5 symptoms) or high (6-11 symptoms) severity.
Time frame: 9 months
Physical Health
The average of 5 past 90-day items on the Health Problem Screener (worried about health, pain, health kept participant from meeting responsibilities) from GAIN follow-up interviews.
Time frame: 9 months
Mental Health: Internalizing Symptoms
The GAIN's Internalizing Disorder Screener; ranging from 0 to 6, the screener includes symptoms of depression, anxiety, trauma, suicide and are interpreted as low (0 symptoms), moderate (1-2 symptoms) or high (3-6 symptoms)
Time frame: 9 months
Mental Health: Externalizing Symptoms
The GAIN's Externalizing Disorder Screener; ranging from 0 to 6, the screener includes symptoms of attention deficit, hyperactivity, conduct, gambling disorders and are interpreted as low (0 symptoms), moderate (1-2 symptoms) or high (3-6 symptoms)
Time frame: 9 months
Cost of Health Care Utilization
Sum of the quarterly costs of health care from the GAIN-Q3 follow-up interviews; based on the frequency of health, mental health or substance-related emergency department visits, hospitalizations, residential treatment, outpatient surgery, MAT, intensive outpatient, outpatient treatment days/times multiplied by their respective costs using published estimates by health economists, adjusted for inflation using the consumer price index.
Time frame: 9 months
PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.
Plan to share: No
Ran from Apr 2022 to primary completion in Jun 2024, 26 months.
Of 464 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Opioid-Related Disorders, half reached primary completion within 29 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 14 and three quarters within 47. This study's 26 months is below that.
Counting every sponsor, half of 495 studies reached it within 29 months; a quarter within 13 and three quarters within 46.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
This study is completed, as verified in Mar 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Chestnut Health Systems