ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT03873259Updated Jul 21, 2026

Intraoperative Assessment of of Burst Wave Lithotripsy (BWL)

An interventional study of Burst Wave Lithotripsy in Renal Calculi and Ureteral Calculi, sponsored by University of Washington. Recruiting at 2 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-07-21.

Sponsored by University of Washington · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Aug 2019; still recruiting 7 years 3 months later.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
40
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Burst Wave Lithotripsy (BWL) is a novel method of urinary stone fragmentation that uses multi-cycle bursts of low amplitude ultrasound to induce stone fracture. This is in contrast to traditional extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), which employs a brief single compression/tensile cycle of high amplitude (shock) waves to achieve stone fracture. This is a single-arm feasibility study to test the ability of BWL to comminute (fragment) stones in humans.

Read the detailed description

This is a two-center, single-arm, feasibility study. The two centers are located within the US and include: University of Washington (UW) School of Medicine and Indiana University (IU) Health Urology Clinic.

The investigative study will be performed in the operating room prior to a standard-of-care (SoC) ureteroscopic (URS) laser lithotripsy procedure. The subject will already be under anesthesia. Stones will be limited to ≤ 12 mm.

The study has one (treatment) arm and is approved to enroll up to 40 subjects (with the intent to treat 20 subjects). All subjects will be treated with the same output parameters for up to a maximum of 10 minutes per stone. The output parameters are nominally defined as:

  • 350 kil0Hertz (kHz) acoustic frequency
  • 7 MegaPascals (MPa) peak negative pressure
  • 20 cycle pulse duration
  • 17 Hz pulse repetition frequency

A maximum of 3 stones can be treated per subject.

Safety will be monitored by visual observation of the tissue with an ureteroscopic camera, the self-reported occurrences of adverse events, and occurrences of unplanned emergency department or clinic visits. Fragmentation will be measured by visual observation with an ureteroscopic camera and direct measure of stones removed by basket after the procedure.

02

Conditions studied

  • Renal Calculi
  • Ureteral Calculi
03

In context

Kidney Calculi

509 studies on the registry are indexed under Kidney Calculi; 146 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 40 is below the median of 86 across 391 interventional studies indexed under Kidney Calculi.

Browse Kidney Calculi studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Washington is the lead sponsor of 1,433 studies on the registry; 225 are open to participants now.

Of its 158 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 136 (86%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Individuals presenting with at least one kidney stone apparent on CT
  • Individuals scheduled for clinical stone removal via ureteroscopy (URS)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Individuals under 18 years of age
  • Individuals belonging to a vulnerable group (pregnant, mentally disabled, prisoner, etc.)
  • Individuals with uncorrected bleeding disorders or coagulopathies
  • Individuals taking a anticoagulant dose at the time of the procedure
  • Individuals with a calcified abdominal aortic aneurysm or calcified renal artery aneurysm
  • Individuals with a solitary kidney
  • Individuals with a comorbidity risks which, at the discretion of the physician, would make the patient a poor candidate for the BWL procedure
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Clinically significant

Judged by the study doctor to matter for your health or for the study. It is a doctor’s decision, so ask the study team if you are unsure whether something counts.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
40 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Treatment Group

    Subjects in this arm receive the 10-minute burst wave lithotripsy intervention dose during their standard-of-care lithotripsy procedure.

    Device: Burst Wave Lithotripsy

Interventions

  • DeviceBurst Wave Lithotripsy

    Fragment upper urinary tract stones

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Safety - Area of Tissue Injury

    The primary safety endpoint is the area of hemorrhage observed through direct visualization with the ureteroscope.

    Time frame: Day 0 - the day of the experimental procedure immediately following the acoustic procedure.

  2. Effectiveness - Volume of Fragments < 2 mm

    The primary effectiveness endpoint is the volume fraction of stone fragments less than 2 mm relative to the original stone volume.

    Time frame: Day 0 - the day of the experimental procedure immediately following the acoustic procedure.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Safety - Adverse Event Assessment

    The secondary safety outcome is the documented occurrence of all adverse events and comparison of the incidence (rate of occurrence) to the adverse events typically associated with shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and URS

    Time frame: out to 120 days post-procedure

  2. Effectiveness - Time to Full Comminution

    projected time to full comminution defined as the time at which no fragments would be ≤ 2 mm

    Time frame: Day 0 - the day of the experimental procedure immediately following the acoustic procedure.

07

Study locations

2 of 2 sites recruiting
08

References and documents

Publications

  • May PC, Kreider W, Maxwell AD, Wang YN, Cunitz BW, Blomgren PM, Johnson CD, Park JSH, Bailey MR, Lee D, Harper JD, Sorensen MD. Detection and Evaluation of Renal Injury in Burst Wave Lithotripsy Using Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Endourol. 2017 Aug;31(8):786-792. doi: 10.1089/end.2017.0202. Epub 2017 Jun 16. PubMed 28521550 ↗
  • Maxwell AD, Cunitz BW, Kreider W, Sapozhnikov OA, Hsi RS, Harper JD, Bailey MR, Sorensen MD. Fragmentation of urinary calculi in vitro by burst wave lithotripsy. J Urol. 2015 Jan;193(1):338-44. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.08.009. Epub 2014 Aug 9. PubMed 25111910 ↗
  • Bailey MR, Maxwell AD, Cao S, Ramesh S, Liu Z, Williams JC, Thiel J, Dunmire B, Colonius T, Kuznetsova E, Kreider W, Sorensen MD, Lingeman JE, Sapozhnikov OA. Improving Burst Wave Lithotripsy Effectiveness for Small Stones and Fragments by Increasing Frequency: Theoretical Modeling and Ex Vivo Study. J Endourol. 2022 Jul;36(7):996-1003. doi: 10.1089/end.2021.0714. Epub 2022 Jun 22. PubMed 35229652 ↗
  • Harper JD, Metzler I, Hall MK, Chen TT, Maxwell AD, Cunitz BW, Dunmire B, Thiel J, Williams JC, Bailey MR, Sorensen MD. First In-Human Burst Wave Lithotripsy for Kidney Stone Comminution: Initial Two Case Studies. J Endourol. 2021 Apr;35(4):506-511. doi: 10.1089/end.2020.0725. Epub 2020 Nov 5. PubMed 32940089 ↗

Related links

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jul 21, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03873259
Responsible party
Jonathan Harper, MD (Adjunct Professor, Surgery, University of Washington) — Principal investigator
First posted
Mar 13, 2019
Start date
Aug 8, 2019
Primary completion
Dec 31, 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Apr 30, 2028 (estimated)
Last update
Jul 21, 2026

Study contacts

Michael R Bailey, PhD, MS
Contact
mbailey@uw.edu
206-619-2035
Barbrina Dunmire
Contact
mrbean@uw.edu
206-769-5910
Michael R Bailey, PhD, MS
principal investigator · University of Washington

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Interested in this study?

Eligibility is decided by the study team. Share this record with your doctor or contact the team directly.

Contact study team

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion