A Phase 2 interventional study of Lofexidine and Placebo in Opioid-use Disorder and Opiate Dependence, sponsored by Medical University of South Carolina. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 60 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-02-07.
Sponsored by Medical University of South Carolina · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment
Individuals with opioid use disorder who are stabilized on buprenorphine or methadone will be randomly assigned to receive placebo or lofexidine for 5 weeks. At the end of five weeks, they will complete a human laboratory stress task and scripted opioid imagery task. Throughout the study a CREMA app (Cue Reactivity Ecological Momentary Assessment) will be used to monitor stress, craving and use in the natural environment.
Participants will complete a screening visit to determine study eligibility. During the first week, participants will be asked to abstain from opioid use other than buprenorphine. Participants will come to the clinic 2 times that week for urine drug testing. If all 2 tests are negative, participants will be randomly assigned to take either lofexidine or placebo (inactive medication) two to three times a day for 5 weeks. During this time, participants will upload videos of themselves taking their medication. They will come to the clinic 3 times a week for urine drug screens and to have their vital signs measured. They will also participate in "CREMA" sessions (Cue Reactivity Ecologic Momentary Assessment) 3 times a day. These sessions include looking at stressful and neutral pictures and rating stress and craving. At the end of five weeks, participants will return to the clinic and participate in a stress task and a scripted opioid imagery task the following day. For the next five days, participants will taper their medication dose. During this time they will continue to come to clinic to have their vital signs measured and complete a follow-up visit.
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This study's enrollment of 112 is above the median of 63 across 1,123 interventional studies indexed under Opioid-Related Disorders.
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Of its 128 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 101 (79%) have results posted.
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Exclusion Criteria
Men will receive lofexidine (Lucemyra) for 5 weeks. Titration schedule is as follows: 0.36 mg on the first two evenings, 0.36 mg in the morning and evening on days 3 and 4; 0.36 mg in the morning, afternoon, and at bedtime on days 5 and 6; 0.36 mg in the morning and afternoon and 0.72 mg at bedtime on days 7 and 8; 0.36 mg in the morning and 0.72 mg in the afternoon and at bedtime on days 9 and 10, and 0.72 mg in the morning, afternoon and at bedtime on Day 11 and throughout the rest of the study.
Drug: Lofexidine
Women will receive lofexidine (Lucemyra) for 5 weeks. Titration schedule is as follows: 0.36 mg on the first two evenings, 0.36 mg in the morning and evening on days 3 and 4; 0.36 mg in the morning, afternoon, and at bedtime on days 5 and 6; 0.36 mg in the morning and afternoon and 0.72 mg at bedtime on days 7 and 8; 0.36 mg in the morning and 0.72 mg in the afternoon and at bedtime on days 9 and 10, and 0.72 mg in the morning, afternoon and at bedtime on Day 11 and throughout the rest of the study.
Drug: Lofexidine
Men will receive matching placebo for five weeks.
Drug: Placebo
Women will receive matching placebo for five weeks.
Drug: Placebo
Lofexidine, sold under the brand name Lucemyra among others, is a medication historically used to treat high blood pressure, but more commonly used to help with the physical symptoms of opioid withdrawal. It is taken by mouth. It is an α2A adrenergic receptor agonist.
Also known as: Lucemyra
Placebo comparator.
Drug Cue+ Stressor Induced Craving
Participants will rate craving on a 0 to 7 Likert scale with 0 indicate "Strongly disagree" that they crave and 7 indicating "strongly agree" that they crave so that higher scores indicate more craving.
Time frame: Pre- Cue and 0, 5, 30 and 60 minutes Post-Cue 5 weeks Post- Baseline; Pre-TSST and 0, 5, 30 and 60 minutes Post-TSST 5 weeks Post-Baseline
Drug Cue+ Stressor Induced Stress Response
Participants will rate stress on a 0 to 4 Likert scale with 0 indicate "not at all" and 4 indicating "extremely" so that higher scores indicate a more robust stress response.
Time frame: Pre- Cue and 0, 5, 30 and 60 minutes Post-Cue 5 weeks Post- Baseline; Pre-TSST and 0, 5, 30 and 60 minutes Post-TSST 5 weeks Post-Baseline
| Milestone | Lofexidine Men | Lofexidine Women | Placebo Men | Placebo Women |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Started | 35 | 24 | 24 | 29 |
| Completed | 30 | 18 | 23 | 25 |
| Not completed | 5 | 6 | 1 | 4 |
Participants will rate craving on a 0 to 7 Likert scale with 0 indicate "Strongly disagree" that they crave and 7 indicating "strongly agree" that they crave so that higher scores indicate more craving.
| units on a scale | Lofexidine Men | Lofexidine Women | Placebo Men | Placebo Women |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Cue | 1.52 ± 1.56 | 1 ± 0 | 1.72 ± 1.69 | 1.96 ± 1.61 |
| Cue + 0 Minutes | 2.33 ± 2.06 | 3.58 ± 2.97 | 2.05 ± 2.10 | 3.56 ± 2.54 |
| Cue + 5 Minutes | 2 ± 1.75 | 2.74 ± 3.02 | 1.86 ± 1.73 | 2.83 ± 2.35 |
| Cue + 30 Minutes | 1.56 ± 1.48 | 1.68 ± 1.67 | 1.77 ± 1.57 | 2.09 ± 2.13 |
| Cue + 60 Minutes | 1.48 ± 1.37 | 1.32 ± 0.95 | 1.86 ± 1.73 | 1.87 ± 2.07 |
| Pre-TSST | 1.39 ± 0.69 | 1.11 ± 0.32 | 1.68 ± 1.58 | 2.19 ± 2.02 |
| TSST + 0 Minutes | 1.64 ± 1.31 | 2.72 ± 2.16 | 2.27 ± 2.33 | 2.95 ± 2.78 |
| TSST + 5 Minutes | 1.64 ± 1.45 | 1.89 ± 1.23 | 2 ± 1.8 | 2.52 ± 2.36 |
| TSST + 30 Minutes | 1.36 ± 0.95 | 1.18 ± 0.39 | 1.82 ± 1.59 | 2.33 ± 2.27 |
| TSST + 60 Minutes | 1.57 ± 1.83 | 1.24 ± 0.44 | 1.77 ± 1.69 | 2.24 ± 2.14 |
Participants will rate stress on a 0 to 4 Likert scale with 0 indicate "not at all" and 4 indicating "extremely" so that higher scores indicate a more robust stress response.
| units on a scale | Lofexidine Men | Lofexidine Women | Placebo Men | Placebo Women |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Cue | 2.81 ± 2.63 | 2.74 ± 1.66 | 2.77 ± 2.22 | 2.65 ± 2.33 |
| Cue + 0 Minutes | 3.70 ± 2.85 | 5.37 ± 2.81 | 3.23 ± 2.6 | 3.61 ± 2.31 |
| Cue + 5 Minutes | 2.78 ± 2.53 | 4.16 ± 3.08 | 2.68 ± 2.06 | 3.09 ± 2 |
| Cue + 30 Minutes | 2.56 ± 2.5 | 2.74 ± 2.05 | 2.59 ± 2.21 | 2.30 ± 1.74 |
| Cue + 60 Minutes | 2.63 ± 2.64 | 2.38 ± 1.45 | 2.64 ± 2.34 | 2.61 ± 2.19 |
| Pre-TSST | 2.57 ± 2.15 | 2.61 ± 1.75 | 3 ± 2.18 | 2.57 ± 1.89 |
| TSST + 0 Minutes | 4.89 ± 3.41 | 5.78 ± 2.90 | 3.86 ± 2.55 | 4.95 ± 3.12 |
| TSST + 5 Minutes | 3.54 ± 3.05 | 3.61 ± 1.97 | 2.82 ± 2.26 | 3.10 ± 1.87 |
| TSST + 30 Minutes | 3.04 ± 3.01 | 2.47 ± 1.33 | 2.82 ± 2.02 | 2.76 ± 1.95 |
| TSST + 60 Minutes | 2.89 ± 2.71 | 2.41 ± 1.46 | 2 ± 1.95 | 2.52 ± 1.47 |
Collected over Baseline to end of study taper- 6 weeks.. Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lofexidine Men | 0/35 (0%) | 0/35 (0%) | 28/35 (80%) |
| Lofexidine Women | 0/24 (0%) | 0/24 (0%) | 17/24 (70.8%) |
| Placebo Men | 0/24 (0%) | 0/24 (0%) | 10/24 (41.7%) |
| Placebo Women | 0/29 (0%) | 0/29 (0%) | 13/29 (44.8%) |
| Event | Lofexidine Men | Lofexidine Women | Placebo Men | Placebo Women |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry MouthEndocrine disorders | 18/35 | 12/24 | 4/24 | 5/29 |
| Tiredness/DrowsinessNervous system disorders | 15/35 | 8/24 | 3/24 | 4/29 |
| FatigueNervous system disorders | 5/35 | 6/24 | 0/24 | 1/29 |
| HeadacheNervous system disorders | 6/35 | 5/24 | 3/24 | 6/29 |
| DizzinessNervous system disorders | 7/35 | 2/24 | 2/24 | 1/29 |
| NauseaNervous system disorders | 3/35 | 0/24 | 0/24 | 2/29 |
| LightheadednessNervous system disorders | 3/35 | 2/24 | 0/24 | 1/29 |
| SweatingNervous system disorders | 3/35 | 0/24 | 0/24 | 0/29 |
| VomitingGastrointestinal disorders | 2/35 | 0/24 | 1/24 | 2/29 |
| AnxietyNervous system disorders | 2/35 | 0/24 | 1/24 | 0/29 |
The baseline population is all participants who were randomized and began taking medication. Due to participant attrition, the N's for outcome measures are slightly lower.
| Age, Categorical(Participants) | Lofexidine Men | Lofexidine Women | Placebo Men | Placebo Women | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <=18 years | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Between 18 and 65 years | 35 | 24 | 24 | 29 | 112 |
| >=65 years | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Age, Continuous(years) | Lofexidine Men | Lofexidine Women | Placebo Men | Placebo Women | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 38 ± 9.17 | 35.79 ± 7.34 | 40.71 ± 9.70 | 35.34 ± 7.51 | 37.42 ± 8.65 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | Lofexidine Men | Lofexidine Women | Placebo Men | Placebo Women | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 0 | 24 | 0 | 29 | 53 |
| Male | 35 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 59 |
| Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants) | Lofexidine Men | Lofexidine Women | Placebo Men | Placebo Women | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Asian | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Black or African American | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 7 |
| White | 34 | 23 | 20 | 28 | 105 |
| More than one race | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Unknown or Not Reported | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Region of Enrollment(participants) | Lofexidine Men | Lofexidine Women | Placebo Men | Placebo Women | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 35 | 24 | 24 | 29 | 112 |
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Medical University of South Carolina