An interventional study of Swimming in Menopause and Hypertension, sponsored by Pusan National University. Completed. Open to female participants aged 65 Years to 85 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-11-18.
Sponsored by Pusan National University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
Aging is associated with progressive decreases in arterial health and function as well as overall fitness. It is crucial to prevent or reduce the negative effects of aging on the vasculature and fitness components by implementing appropriate lifestyle interventions, such as exercise training. We examined the effects of a swimming (SWM) regimen on arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV), blood pressure (BP), wave reflection (AIx), muscle strength and aerobic capacity in elderly women with stage 2 hypertension.
Using a parallel experimental design, participants were randomly assigned to either SWM (n=52) or non-exercising control group (n=48) for 20 weeks. Participant in the SWM group trained 3-4 days/week, progressing in duration from 25 to 45 min. Participants' carotid to radial PWV (crPWV), systolic and diastolic BP, AIx, strength and VO2max were measured at baseline and after 20 weeks of their assigned intervention.
6,114 studies on the registry are indexed under Hypertension; 912 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 100 is close to the median of 100 across 4,575 interventional studies indexed under Hypertension.
Browse Hypertension studies →Pusan National University is the lead sponsor of 17 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.
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Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.
What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.
BMI (body mass index)
Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.
What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Participants performed SWM training (combination of free style, breast stroke, and backstroke) for 20 weeks. For the first 5 weeks subjects swam 25-30 minutes/day, 3-4 days/week at \~60% of maximal heart rate. As their overall level of fitness and exercise skill improved, the intensity and duration of exercise increased to 40-45 minutes/day, 3-4 days/week at an intensity of 70-75% of the HRmax. Target HR was adjusted based on the observation that maximal heart rate during SWM is approximately 12 beats/min lower than that during running. Each subject was instructed to swim continuously except during the time needed for checking a target heart rate
Behavioral: Swimming
Participants in the non-exercising control group did not participate in a supervised exercise program and visited the laboratory at the same frequency as participants in the swim intervention and underwent recreational activities such as board games
This group completed 20-weeks of swimming
Arterial Stiffness
via Pulse Wave Velocity
Time frame: 20-weeks
Systolic Blood Pressure
systolic blood pressure
Time frame: 20-weeks
Pressure Wave Reflection
via Augmentation Index
Time frame: 20-weeks
Muscular Strength
via Hand Grip Dynamometer
Time frame: 20-weeks
Cardiorespiratory Endurance (Volume of Maximal Oxygen Consumption)
via Cornell Modified Bruce treadmill volume of oxygen consumption maximum (VO2max) test
Time frame: 20-weeks
Diastolic Blood Pressure
Time frame: 20 weeks
| Milestone | Swimming | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 52 | 48 |
| Completed | 52 | 48 |
| Not completed | 0 | 0 |
via Pulse Wave Velocity
| m/s | Swimming | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Arterial Stiffness | 7.8 ± 0.3 | 10.0 ± 0.2 |
systolic blood pressure
| millimeters of mercury (mmHg) | Swimming | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic Blood Pressure | 135 ± 1 | 145 ± 1 |
via Augmentation Index
| % of wave reflection | Swimming | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Pressure Wave Reflection | 25 ± 2 | 31 ± 2 |
via Hand Grip Dynamometer
| kilograms (kg) | Swimming | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Muscular Strength | 27 ± 1 | 24 ± 1 |
via Cornell Modified Bruce treadmill volume of oxygen consumption maximum (VO2max) test
| mL/kg/min | Swimming | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiorespiratory Endurance (Volume of Maximal Oxygen Consumption) | 26 ± 3 | 23 ± 4 |
| millimeters of mercury (mmHg) | Swimming | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Diastolic Blood Pressure | 79 ± 1 | 91 ± 1 |
Collected over 6 months. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Swimming | 0/52 (0%) | 0/52 (0%) | 0/52 (0%) |
| Control | 0/48 (0%) | 0/48 (0%) | 0/48 (0%) |
| Age, Continuous(years) | Swimming | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 74 ± 4 | 73 ± 4 | 74 ± 4 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | Swimming | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 52 | 48 | 100 |
| Male | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants) | Swimming | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Asian | 52 | 48 | 100 |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Black or African American | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| White | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| More than one race | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Unknown or Not Reported | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pressure wave reflection(percent) | Swimming | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 31 ± 3 | 30 ± 2 | 31 ± 3 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure(mmHg) | Swimming | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 146 ± 1.7 | 144 ± 1 | 145 ± 1.4 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure(mmHg) | Swimming | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 88 ± 1.7 | 91 ± 1 | 90 ± 1.4 |
| Arterial stiffness(m/s) | Swimming | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 9.0 ± 0.2 | 9.4 ± 0.2 | 9.2 ± 0.2 |
| Muscular strength(kg) | Swimming | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 24 ± 1 | 25 ± 1 | 25 ± 1 |
1 further baseline measures are reported on the registry.
No study locations are listed for this record.
PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.
Ran from Jan 2017 to primary completion in Jan 2018, 12 months.
Results were first posted in Aug 2019, 1 year 7 months after primary completion.
Of 1,403 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Hypertension, half reached primary completion within 23 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 41. This study's 12 months is below that.
Counting every sponsor, half of 1,498 studies reached it within 23 months; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 41.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
This study is completed, as verified in Oct 2020. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Pusan National University