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RecruitingNCT03481829Updated Nov 2, 2026

Early Tracking of Childhood Health Determinants (ETCHED) Study

An observational study in Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity and Fatty Liver, sponsored by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 1 Day to 99 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-11-02.

Sponsored by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) · Observational

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Apr 2022; still recruiting 4 years 6 months later.
Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
1,500
Ages
1 Day to 99 Years
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 80 studies in Diabetes Mellitus by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) — 8 open to participants now, 12 under way, 1 of them phase 3. Diabetes Mellitus · National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).

Planned enrollment
10th of 22
1,500 · median 1,100
Started
2022
with 1 other
Observational
18 of 80
5 open now
Registered
75th of 80
by date

Among the 80 studies in Diabetes Mellitus by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), this one is the 10th largest by planned enrollment of the 22 observational ones, is one of 2 that started in 2022, is one of 18 observational ones, and was the 75th registered.

By phase

80 studies; the count open now beside each. This study's row is marked.

Phase 220 · 1 open
No phase19 · 1 open
Observationalthis study18 · 5 open
Phase 38 · 0 open
Other kind5 · 1 open
Phase 45 · 0 open
Phase 14 · 0 open
Phase 1/21 · 0 open

By the year they started

First in 1976; this study’s year is marked. 2 started in 2022.

Size and results

Median enrollment 100 across the 53 interventional studies, 1,100 across the 22 observational. Of the 65 that completed or were terminated, 14 (22%) have results posted.

Watch this landscapeDownload CSVWith an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 80 studies in Diabetes Mellitus by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

Background:

Children s weight has increased sharply in recent years. This may put them at higher risk for health problems. High blood glucose in a pregnant mother and too much weight gain during pregnancy also may have long-term effects on the child s health. Children who become overweight or obese during childhood tend to remain so as adults. Researchers want to study many risk factors during and after pregnancy, and how these affect a child s development. They will also follow the mother s health and well-being after pregnancy.

Objectives:

To learn how a pregnant mother s environment, lifestyle, and health conditions may affect her child s growth and development from birth until adulthood.

Eligibility:

American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) or Hispanic adult pregnant women and their offspring.

Design:

Mothers will have 3 visits during pregnancy.

In the child s first year, mothers will have 2 visits and their child will have 4.

Children will have 2 visits in their second year and 1 each year until they turn 18.

Mothers will have a visit 2 years after birth and 4-5 years later.

Both the mother and child s medical records will be reviewed. They will have physical exams and give blood and stool samples.

Mothers may give cord blood and placenta samples. They will give breastmilk and urine samples. They will fill out questionnaires.

They will have an ultrasound. They may get an activity monitor.

Mother and child will be followed until the child s 18th birthday.

Read the detailed description

Study Description:

The current project will establish a longitudinal cohort of mother/infant/child dyads among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) and Hispanic ethnic groups, to study the role of a combination of biological and environmental factors on infant/childhood obesity and cardio metabolic risk.

Objectives:

Primary Objective: Primary Objective: To study the associations of maternal risk factors, including pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and glycemia during pregnancy with offspring birth weight, length, and age/sex adjusted Body Mass Index (BMI) percentile and z-score up to 24-months of age.

Secondary Objectives:

  1. To study the associations of maternal risk factors, including pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, and glycemia with weight, adiposity, and physical growth patterns during childhood and adolescence (2 to 18 years of age).
  2. To study the role of maternal clinical, genetic, biochemical, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors during pregnancy in mediating the associations between maternal risk factors and birth weight of the offspring, and weight, adiposity, metabolic profile, and neurodevelopment during infancy, childhood and adolescence.
  3. To examine the role of family, socioeconomic, and environmental factors influencing child growth patterns, body composition and neurodevelopment in infancy and childhood.
  4. To assess the frequency of hepatic steatosis in children and its association with BMI and biochemical changes
  5. To examine the relationship between maternal risk factors, early childhood exposures and changes in gut microbiome during,

    infancy, childhood and adolescence.

  6. To study the associations of maternal risk factors, including pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, and glycemia and placental function, methylome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome with weight, adiposity, and physical growth patterns during childhood and adolescence (2 to 18 years of age).

Endpoints:

Primary Endpoint: Birth weight, length, and age/sex adjusted BMI percentile and z-score up to 24-months of age (time points: 6-12

weeks, 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months).

Secondary Endpoints: BMI percentile and z-scores 2 years to 18 years, biochemical measures, stool microbiome, neurocognitive

development.

03

Conditions studied

  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Obesity
  • Fatty Liver

Keywords

  • American Indians, Hispanics
  • Obesity
  • Pregnancy
  • Diabetes
  • Children
  • Hispanics
  • Natural History
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
1 Day to 99 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Pregnant women from the Phoenix, AZ area

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

In order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet all of the following criteria:

  1. Pregnant women aged 18 years or older (pregnancy confirmed by urine or serum pregnancy test, or ultrasound examination)
  2. American Indian or Hispanic by self-report
  3. Agree to continue with research study participation (both mother and their offspring), for at least 3 years after delivery.

In case where a pregnant mother is carrying multiple fetuses (multiple pregnancy), she will be eligible to participate in this study and all her live newborns, as a result of that pregnancy, will be eligible for participation in this study. Mothers will also be eligible to participate with any consecutive pregnancies.

Exclusion criteria

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

An individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:

  1. Women who are incarcerated or are unable to consent.
  2. Women whose fetus is not viable or are not planning to continue the pregnancy.
05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
1,500 participants (estimated)

Groups and cohorts

  • Children

    Children of mothers enrolled in the study

  • Pregnant women and mothers

    Pregnant women/mothers

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Infant BMI

    Birth weight, length, and age/sex adjusted BMI percentile and z-score up to 24-months of age (time points: 6-12 weeks, 4, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months).

    Time frame: Birth, 6 weeks, and 4, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Child BMI

    Child BMI measured annually from 2 years of age to 18 years of age

    Time frame: annually from age 2 to 18

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Pettitt DJ, Aleck KA, Baird HR, Carraher MJ, Bennett PH, Knowler WC. Congenital susceptibility to NIDDM. Role of intrauterine environment. Diabetes. 1988 May;37(5):622-8. doi: 10.2337/diab.37.5.622. PubMed 3360218 ↗
  • Dabelea D, Hanson RL, Lindsay RS, Pettitt DJ, Imperatore G, Gabir MM, Roumain J, Bennett PH, Knowler WC. Intrauterine exposure to diabetes conveys risks for type 2 diabetes and obesity: a study of discordant sibships. Diabetes. 2000 Dec;49(12):2208-11. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.49.12.2208. PubMed 11118027 ↗
  • Pettitt DJ, Baird HR, Aleck KA, Bennett PH, Knowler WC. Excessive obesity in offspring of Pima Indian women with diabetes during pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 1983 Feb 3;308(5):242-5. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198302033080502. PubMed 6848933 ↗
  • Arreola EV, Coonrod DV, Roy Choudhury S, Knowler WC, Hoskin M, Wasak D, Williams R, Hanson RL, Pack E, Caballero R, Gonzalez A, Sinha M. Study protocol for Early Tracking of Childhood Health determinants (ETCHED): A longitudinal observational life course study. BMC Public Health. 2024 Sep 29;24(1):2661. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20176-7. PubMed 39343891 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — This study will comply with the NIH Genomic Data Sharing Policy, which applies to all NIH-funded research that generates large-scale human or non-human genomic data, as well as the use of these data for subsequent research. Large-scale data include genome-wide association studies (GWAS), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) arrays, and genome sequence, transcriptomic, epigenomic, and gene expression data.

Supporting information: Study protocol, Informed consent form

Time frame: Data from this study may be requested from other researchers 1 year after the completion of the primary endpoint by contacting the Principal Investigator.

Access criteria: This study will comply with the NIH Data Sharing Policy and Policy on the Dissemination of NIH-Funded Clinical Trial Information and the Clinical Trials Registration and Results Information Submission rule. As such, this trial will be registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, and results information from this trial will be submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov. In addition, every attempt will be made to publish results in peer-reviewed journals.

09

Updates

5 registry updates since Sep 25, 2026
Minor edits
Nothing that changes what the study is or who can join. Edited: description and verification date
5 updates, last Nov 2, 2026
Show all 5 updates
  1. Nov 2, 2026
    Minor edits only
    + 1 other change: verification date
  2. Oct 27, 2026
    Minor edits only
    + 1 other change: verification date
  3. Oct 26, 2026
    Minor edits only
    + 1 other change: description
  4. Oct 16, 2026
    Minor edits only
    + 1 other change: description
  5. Sep 28, 2026
    Minor edits only
    + 1 other change: description

From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03481829
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Mar 29, 2018
Start date
Apr 14, 2022
Primary completion
Dec 31, 2041 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 31, 2041 (estimated)
Last update
Nov 2, 2026

Study contacts

Madhumita Sinha, M.D.
Contact
madhumita.sinha@nih.gov
(301) 451-6237
Madhumita Sinha, M.D.
principal investigator · National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

Oversight

FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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