ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03461445Updated Apr 8, 2025Results posted

Effect of Tacrolimus Formulation on Neurological Side Effects in Older Kidney Transplant Recipients

A Phase 4 interventional study of Envarsus and IR Tacrolimus in Kidney Transplant; Complications, Toxicity and Drug Toxicity, sponsored by University of California, Davis. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 60 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-04-08.

Sponsored by University of California, Davis · Phase 4, Interventional, and Treatment

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Phase
Phase 4
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
64
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
60 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-13

Among 140 studies in Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions with a site in United States — 13 open to participants now, 18 under way, 2 of them phase 3. Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions · United States.

Enrollment
51st of 95
64 · median 96
Started
2018
with 5 others
Phase 4
11 of 140
none open now
Registered
92nd of 140
by date

Among the 140 studies in Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions with a site in United States, this one is the 51st largest by enrollment of the 95 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 6 that started in 2018, is one of 11 in phase 4, and was the 92nd registered.

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

449 studies on the registry are indexed under Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; 77 are open to participants now.

Browse Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions studies →

Open to participants now

13 of the 140 studies in Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions with a site in United States are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

8 more — sign in →

All 13 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in United States have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in United States →

Who these studies take

Of the 55 Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions studies recruiting now, 37 (67%) set no upper age limit and 15 (27%) stop at 75 or younger; 14 take children under 18; 4 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 60 Years and older · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

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02

Study summary

Previous studies have shown that elderly patients experience higher trough levels of tacrolimus and are more sensitive to the effects of medications, they experience higher occurrence and severity of such medication related toxicities. Therefore, the investigators hypothesize that by transitioning patients from tacrolimus immediate release to Envarsus ®, the peak-dose effect will be eliminated or attenuated, leading to a significant decrease in neurocognitive toxicities in the older patient population.

Read the detailed description

The investigators will conduct a single-center, prospective, open-label, randomized study to evaluate the difference in neurocognitive side effects between Envarsus and immediate release tacrolimus. Eligible patients will be enrolled within 8 weeks post-transplantation. They will be administered a baseline panel of neurocognitive tests. They will then be randomized to either continue on immediate release tacrolimus or Envarsus. 6 weeks after randomization, the neurocognitive tests will be repeated.

03

Conditions studied

  • Kidney Transplant; Complications
  • Toxicity
  • Drug Toxicity
  • Neurotoxicity

Keywords

  • Elderly
  • Neurotoxicity
  • Calcineurin inhibitors
  • Tacrolimus
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
60 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  1. Recipient of a kidney transplant
  2. Age 60 or greater at the time of transplant
  3. Kidney graft is functional (not dialysis dependent) by 4 weeks post-transplant
  4. Have IR tacrolimus as maintenance therapy
  5. Have \< 35 at time of transplant
  6. Achieve therapeutic tacrolimus level within 4 weeks post-transplant

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Recipient of a simultaneous non-kidney transplant (pancreas)
  2. Had an episode of rejection before study enrollment
  3. Had a /CVA after transplantation and before study enrollment
  4. Had a neurologic injury after transplantation and before study enrollment
  5. Blindness
  6. Have an mTOR inhibitor as maintenance therapy
  7. Nonadherence, as determined by a trough level less than 7 ng/mL after achieving therapeutic level with no other rationale for sub-therapeutic levels.
  8. Adults unable to consent
  9. Pregnant women
  10. Prisoners
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(2)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

BMI (body mass index)

Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.

What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.

TIA (transient ischaemic attack)

A “mini-stroke”: temporary stroke-like symptoms caused by reduced blood flow to part of the brain, spinal cord or eye, without signs of a new stroke on a scan.

Stroke symptoms need emergency care at once, even if they go away.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 4
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
64 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Immediate Release Tacrolimus

    Patients will receive immediate release tacrolimus

    Drug: IR Tacrolimus

  • Experimental
    Envarsus

    Patients will be converted to Envarsus formulation of tacrolimus

    Drug: Envarsus

Interventions

  • Patients will be randomized to receiving Envarsus instead of IR Tacrolimus

  • DrugIR Tacrolimus

    Patients will be randomized to receiving IR Tacrolimus instead of Envarsus

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Neurocognitive Side Effects

    Change in MOCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) from baseline to study end. MOCA scale runs from 0 to 30 with higher being a better outcome. Change in DSST (Digital Symbol Substitution Test) from baseline to study end. DSST scale runs from 1 to 125 with higher being a better outcome.

    Time frame: 6 weeks after randomization and baseline testing

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Self-reported Side Effects

    Quality of life in Essential Tremor questionnaire (QUEST) Summary Score: A 30-item scale assessing the impact of tremor on various domains of quality of life, such as communication, work and hobbies. In the QUEST questionnaire scale, a lower score is indicative of better quality of life while higher scores indicate poorer quality of life. The score is a percentage ranging from zero to 100.

    Time frame: 6 weeks after randomization and baseline testing

  2. Kidney Graft Survival

    Number of kidney grafts still functioning at the end of the study

    Time frame: 6 months after transplant

  3. Patient Survival

    Number patients who survived during the study

    Time frame: 6 months after transplant

07

Results

Posted Apr 8, 2025

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneImmediate Release TacrolimusEnvarsus
Started3232
Completed3232
Not completed00

Outcome measures

PrimaryChange in Neurocognitive Side Effects

Change in MOCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) from baseline to study end. MOCA scale runs from 0 to 30 with higher being a better outcome. Change in DSST (Digital Symbol Substitution Test) from baseline to study end. DSST scale runs from 1 to 125 with higher being a better outcome.

Time frame:
6 weeks after randomization and baseline testing
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Change in Neurocognitive Side Effects
score on a scaleImmediate Release TacrolimusEnvarsus
MOCA score difference1.2 ± 2.10.2 ± 2.9
DSST score difference1.0 ± 7.81.26 ± 7.5
SecondaryChange in Self-reported Side Effects

Quality of life in Essential Tremor questionnaire (QUEST) Summary Score: A 30-item scale assessing the impact of tremor on various domains of quality of life, such as communication, work and hobbies. In the QUEST questionnaire scale, a lower score is indicative of better quality of life while higher scores indicate poorer quality of life. The score is a percentage ranging from zero to 100.

Time frame:
6 weeks after randomization and baseline testing
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Change in Self-reported Side Effects
score on a scaleImmediate Release TacrolimusLCP Tacrolimus
Change in Self-reported Side Effects-1.2 ± 7.5-3.1 ± 9
SecondaryKidney Graft Survival

Number of kidney grafts still functioning at the end of the study

Time frame:
6 months after transplant
Reported as:
Number · kidney grafts
Kidney Graft Survival
kidney graftsImmediate Release TacrolimusLCP Tacrolimus
Kidney Graft Survival3232
SecondaryPatient Survival

Number patients who survived during the study

Time frame:
6 months after transplant
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Patient Survival
ParticipantsImmediate Release TacrolimusLCP Tacrolimus
Patient Survival3232

Adverse events

Collected over While participants were enrolled in the study (6 week period for each individual).. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Immediate Release Tacrolimus0/32 (0%)0/32 (0%)0/32 (0%)
Envarsus0/32 (0%)2/32 (6.3%)0/32 (0%)
Most frequent serious events
Most frequent serious events
EventImmediate Release TacrolimusEnvarsus
Cognitive declineNervous system disorders0/321/32
Medication OverdoseImmune system disorders0/321/32

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Immediate Release TacrolimusEnvarsusTotal
Mean69 ± 5.469 ± 4.269 ± 4.8
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Immediate Release TacrolimusEnvarsusTotal
Female121224
Male202040
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity, Customized(Participants)Immediate Release TacrolimusEnvarsusTotal
White151025
Black033
Asian4610
Hispanic12719
Multi-racial011
Unknown/Other123
Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander033
08

Study locations

1 site
  • UC Davis
    Sacramento, California 95817, United States
09

References and documents

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

10

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Apr 2018 to primary completion in Jul 2023, 63 months.

Results were first posted in Apr 2025, 1 year 8 months after primary completion.

Of 18 phase 4 interventional studies under Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, half reached primary completion within 19 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 17 and three quarters within 37. This study's 63 months is above that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Mar 5, 2018
First posted
Mar 12, 2018
StartActual
Apr 1, 2018
Primary completionActual
Jul 31, 2023
CompletionActual
Jul 31, 2023
Results first posted
Apr 8, 2025
Last update
Apr 8, 2025
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Apr 8, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03461445
Collaborators
Veloxis Pharmaceuticals
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Mar 12, 2018
Start date
Apr 1, 2018
Primary completion
Jul 31, 2023
Completion
Jul 31, 2023
Results posted
Apr 8, 2025
Last update
Apr 8, 2025

Study contacts

Ling-Xin Chen, MD
principal investigator · UC Davis

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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Studies of the drug tested here: Tacrolimus

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